Humphrey Bogart njengoPhilip Marlowe kwi -Big Sleep. (Ngobubele imfdb.org) URaymond Chandler wayeneminqweno yenoveli yomcuphi. Intsomi nakweyiphi na indlela ibisoloko ifuna ukuba yinyani, wabhala ngo-1940 kwiThe Simple Art of Murder, kunye noChandler, owasweleka ngo-1959, wacinga ukuba uhlobo lwakhe lwalulithuba elihle njengalo naliphi na lokufumana inyani. Emva kwexesha kuloo manifesto, uthelekisa iingcali zayo neAeschylus kunye neShakespeare. Njengoko u Chandler watshoyo, edumileyo, ka Dashiell Hammett, [Wenza]… eyona nto inokubhalwa ngababhali ababalaseleyo. Ubhale imiboniso ebonakala ngathi ayizange ibhalwe ngaphambili. Ukuba intsha yayiyinto awayeyikhangela uChandler, kufanele ukuba wayechulumancile yile nto wayibona isenzeka kumatshini wakhe wokuchwetheza. Nangona waqala ukubhala amaphephancwadi e-pulp, intsomi kaChandler ekugqibeleni waphumelela abaphulaphuli abachasayo ukuhlelwa ngokwezigaba. Ngo-1955, i Ukuchaza imihla ngemihla bacela abafundi bayo ukuba babathande abaphantsi, abaphakathi kunye nabantu abadumileyo. Njengoko uChandler wabhala kamva, UMarilyn Monroe kunye nam kuphela kwabo benza zonke ezi zintathu.
UChandler wayengumyili wesitayile, kodwa ayisiyiyo le nto yamenza waduma njengoMonroe. Ngezantsi kwezi zitrato zikhohlakeleyo indoda kufuneka ihambe engenguye okhohlakeleyo, njengoko uChandler ebeka kwi-Art elula. Uliqhawe, uyinto yonke. Iqhawe lakhe elikhulu nguPhilip Marlowe, umphandi wangasese waseLos Angeles. UMarlowe wenza ityala lakhe kwi Ubuthongo obukhulu ngo-1939, nakwintsomi uChandler wabhala emva koko, uyinto yonke. Ukwangumntu wonke, uhlobo olutsha lomcuphi, unengqondo encinci xa efuna impendulo kunalowo uzama ukuhlala epholile. Oku, ngamafutshane, umahluko noSherlock Holmes. Nini, emva kwexesha Ukulala Okukhulu , UMarlowe ufika ekhaya kwaye ufumanisa intombazana esisityebi ye-nymphomaniac ihamba ze ebhedini yakhe, walayita icuba wazigalelela isiselo. Ufundisisa ibhodi yakhe yechess — phantse eyakhe kuphela. Ekugqibeleni, ubuza le ntombazana ukuba uqhekeze njani kwigumbi lakhe. Xa echaza, uMarlowe uthi, Ngoku ndiyazi ukuba ungene njani undixelele ukuba uza kuphuma kanjani. Yiyo leyo into ekuthethwa ngayo nzima .
Emva kokuba ehambile, ndibeke iglasi yam engenanto ndaza ndazikrazula ibhedi. Indawo ingaphezulu kodwa iyafana noMarlowe, osisidalwa sezithintelo. UChandler unendlela enomdla yokumenza ukuba acengceleze iingcinga zakhe zangaphakathi ngelixa evakala ngathi unqwenela ukuya esihogweni ngekhe. Uyamangalisa ngabafazi (Abafazi bandigulisa), ahlala efumana ithuba lokuqhwaba ngempama, kwaye akabathandi abantu abathandana besisini esinye. Kwi Ukulala Okukhulu , kukho ukubonwa kwangaphambili kweqela le-fag. Umntu unokubona koku kusilela okuqhelekileyo kwendoda esweleke kufutshane nje kwi-60s, kodwa ikwabalulekile kuMarlowe othembekileyo, umntu ongathandani noluntu. Kukho ubuqili obuvela kwiChandler, nayo. Izikweko zakhe ziyahlekisa naxa zibalasele. Kwinto ex-con kwi Ndlelantle, Sithandwa sam , UChandler ubhala, Wayejongeka ngokungabonakali njenge tarantula kwisilayidi sekhekhe lokutya kwingelosi. Ngumbongo wengqondo ochithe ixesha elininzi ejinga kwizidlo.
Umbhali waseJapan uHaruki Murakami uchonge eso sivakalisi njengento ayithandayo. Ungacinga ukuba zonke ii-hang-up apho uChandler abethela khona isibalo sikaMarlowe ngeza zamenza ubuqili kubazobi bamva ukuba bamkele, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kwenzeka okwahlukileyo. Ekhululwe kumdali wakhe, uMarlowe uphila ubomi obuninzi. Kubekho uhlengahlengiso kumdlalo bhanyabhanya, nguWoward Hawks noRobert Altman (phakathi kwabanye), uthotho lweTV, iinkqubo zikanomathotholo, ii-pastiches ezingenakubalwa kunye nomdlalo wevidiyo. Ezinye iiMarlowes kunzima ukuzilibala. Ubuso bukaHumphrey Bogart, eHakws Ukulala Okukhulu iseyinto yokuqala abantu abaninzi abanxulumana neqhawe likaChandler. Akusoloko kuhamba kakuhle. Ngo-1991, umbhali wolwaphulo-mthetho ongasekhoyo uRobert B. Parker, umphathi weChandler abayithandayo, wabhala Amandla ePhupha , enye indlela eya Ukulala Okukhulu . Abavavanyi babengenabubele. Ukuba uRaymond Chandler wayebhale njengoRobert B. Parker, wabhala uMartin Amis kwi Inkqubo ye- Inew York Amaxesha , ngekhe abe nguRaymond Chandler. Wayeza kuba nguRobert B. Parker, umntu ongaphakamanga kangako.
Kwincwadi yakhe entsha, Amehlo amnyama aBlonde , UJohn Banville, phantsi kwepeni elithi Benjamin Black, uzama ukuphuma uParker Parker ngokuphumelela ukuba nguChandler. Iqhawe lakhe nguPhilip Marlowe, indawo yakhe ephakathi kwenkulungwane ye-Los Angeles, kwaye isihloko sakhe sivela ekungeneni kwenye yeencwadana zikaChandler. Njengokuba i-spin-offs ihamba, uMnu.Black's unobuqili, kwaye abafundi abakhe bachitha ixesha eChandlerland ngaphambili bayakuqonda indoda eyaziyo isiko leli. Kukho i-blonde eyimfihlakalo, ukufa okuthandabuzekayo kunye nokufumba kwezidumbu. Abantu abanemali abanamigaqo, kwaye abantu abanemigaqo abanayo imali. (Kwimeko ye-noir, le yezoQoqosho 101.) Zonke izithako eziyimfuneko zikhona, zintanta kwi-tumbler yeSanta Monica sleaze.
Umnumzana uMnyama akanguye umgqatswa ocacileyo oza kuthatha indawo kubukrelekrele kudala base-slang yaseMelika. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ungumIreland. Ukwanobuntu obuphakamileyo. Incwadana yakhe yokugqibela (njengoMnu Banville), Ubuncinci (2009) , malunga noothixo. Kodwa njengaye nawuphi na umntu owaziyo intsomi kaMnu Banville-igalari yabarhabaxa yobuqhetseba kwaye
abarhwaphilizi-banokukuxelela, ukuzenzisa kukuqhekeka kwakhe. Ewe, unokuthi ape Chandler kubonakala ngathi uthanda. Inxalenye yebali lobomi bam, uMarlowe wakhe ucinga, ehleli ezimotweni ezinzulwini zobusuku ngomsi wecuba osele emakhaleni am kunye neentaka zasebusuku ziyalila. Kukho konke-ukudinwa, ukuthandana, ukuphelelwa lithemba. Kodwa uMnu.Mnyama unokwenza amagama enze izinto uChandler angaziphupha ngazo kuphela. Ngokungafaniyo nenkosi, unamehlo kwindalo: Imvula yayisenza ukuba amanzi echibini abukeke njengesikhonkwane, utshilo uMnu. Inqaku elitsha lelo, kodwa ayisiyonyani.
Iyelenqe le Amehlo amnyama aBlonde , kwifashoni yakudala yeChandler, imfiliba kwaye imfutshane nje kubukrelekrele. (UChandler wayengathandi iyelenqe lobuqili. Iphazamise kakhulu ekumfiliba.) I-blonde (i-heiress, etshatileyo, entle) iqesha uMarlowe ukuba alandelele isithandwa esiphelelwe kuye. Kuphela ngumthandi ophela sele efile. Emva koko ujika ungafanga. Emva koko ujika, okanye kubonakala ngathi, ukuba angabi sisithandwa sakhe. Kungekudala amandla amnyama kune-blonde azingela i-undead cad, ngesiphumo sokuba uMarlowe ubethwe kakhulu. Ubuhlungu bubuhlungu, ucinga. I-knight entliziyweni, uMarlowe, njengesiqhelo, uzibona eyipayipi kumdlalo wokugqibela womnye umntu. Kubonakala ngathi ndibazi abantu abaninzi abanokuqonda omnye komnye, uyacinga. Akaze ahlawulwe.
Umnumzana uMnyama ukhethe ukuvala umgca webali oshiywe ujingile Ixesha elide , kwaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo iya kuchulumancisa okanye ukucaphukisa abo bazinikeleyo kuChandler, njengoko nolunye utshintsho luya kubakho. UMarlowe usasela kwaye uyatshaya kodwa kungenjalo ngumntu ofudumeleyo: ulungelelene nesini, ungacalucaluli kunye nesicatshulwa semibongo. Uye wabuya wambumba ngaphambili umfazi. Amehlo e-blonde yesihloko ngumthunzi oqaqambileyo wesitywina-mnyama owenza into ibambe emqaleni wam. Oko kuza kwindawo yokuqala, njengesilumkiso esidubuleyo kwizaphetha. Ekuphela kwento umqala kaMarlowe wakhe wabanjwa kuyo yitela.
Kuma-nonpartisans, nangona kunjalo, ukonwaba kuxhomekeke ekubukeni iintlobo ezimbini zethambo, kwaye nakwiziphumo ezincinci-i-juic sob yomfana obuthathaka okanye iphoyisa elidala elibanjwe emgceni: intambo engenasiphene yokudinwa kunye nokudakumba kunye nomsindo ngequbuliso. Ngomsebenzi wobugcisa ofanelwe yintsusa, uMnumzana uMnyama wenze into entsha, nangona engalibali lowo amtyalayo. Abakhohlakeleyo baneempawu ezingeyonyani zaseBritane, uChandler Boulevard uza, kwaye kukho nesalathiso kumdlalo bhanyabhanya UkuKhusela kabini , ogama linguChandler elibhalayo. Ubuxoki zii-anagrams zobomi, utsho umbalisi Isigqubuthelo , inoveli yakhe ka-2002 (njengo Mnu Banville). Kwaye Amehlo amnyama aBlonde sisityebi kwimixholo ye-anagrammatic kumdlalo owudlalayo.
Eminye yale nto inokubonakala ngathi yingqolowa ye-noir, kodwa iliso lokukhohlisa licocekile i-Chandler. Imifanekiso ibenze babanjalo, njengoko uMarlowe ecinga ngelizwi elingaqhelekanga le-hoodlum eyodwa Ukulala Okukhulu , Kuzo zonke iincwadi zakhe, uChandler usikhumbuza ukuba ubunzima luhlobo lobunzima. Yayiyingqondi yakhe. Uninzi lwabantu lunokubhala i-noir, kodwa kwathatha uChandler ukubona ukuba yintoni elele kwicala elikude lobumnyama; yiloo nto ke ebangela ukuba abhale uncwadi. Kungenxa yoko le nto Amehlo amnyama aBlonde ,, njengayo yonke imisebenzi esemagqabini yaseMarlowe, iphela ngokutyhilwa kwendlela othambile ngayo, indlela othamba ngayo uyakuhlala uthambile. Abalandeli bakaMarlowe bayakuqonda oku kuqonda, nangona ayisiyiyo le uyibiza ngokuba yi-hardboiler. Ngokulinganisa okubalulekileyo, uMnu Black usibonisa ukuba uChandler wayengasoloko eyiChandleresque.
