Kwiminyaka emine eyadlulayo namhlanje, iMelika yabethwa kukuhlaselwa kwe-jihadist yekhaya labo bonke abantu aboyikayo kwiminyaka elishumi ukusukela nge-9/11. Iibhombu ezimbini ziye zaqhushumba kumjikelo wokugqibela weBoston Marathon, yabangela ukubulawa kwabantu abangamakhulu kunye nohlanga. Ukuphalazwa kwegazi okwalandelayo kwiintsuku ezisemva koku kubonelela ngomdlalo ogqibeleleyo, ongayekiyo kwiminyaka yeendaba zentlalo.
Ityala laphela ngokusweleka komnye wabanqolobi nokwenzakala komnye, kukhokelela ekubanjweni kwakhe kwaye ekugqibeleni wagwetyelwa ukufa ngenxa yenxalenye yakhe. Babulala ipolisa kwindlela yabo yokufa ngesantya esiphezulu kwiidolophu zaseBoston, bezisa ukubulala kwabo bane. Kwiminyaka ukusukela oko, uluntu luye lwafunda lukhulu malunga nezicwangciso zokubulala kunye nenkuthazo yabanqolobi, aba bazalwana babini baseTsarnaev, abafuduki bajika baba zii-jihadists, kodwa iinxalenye zebali labo zihlala zigutyungelwe yimfihlakalo enokuthi ihlale ihleli.
Kwindawo yokuqala, kufuneka kuthiwe, ngokukhetha ukubeka iibhombu zabo zokupheka ngoxinzelelo kumdyarho wokugqibela, ngesiphumo esiphezulu, abanqolobi banciphisa inani labo lokufa, kuba babebaninzi abaphenduli bokuqala apho. Amaninzi amaxhoba, aqhekeke ziingceba, imilenze ekhutshwe kukuqhushumba, asinda-enkosi kubukho be-EMTs kunye nabanye abasebenzi bezonyango.
Ngommangaliso, bathathu kuphela abafa kolo hlaselo-umphathi wevenkile yokutyela oneminyaka engama-29, umfundi ophumelele e-China oneminyaka engama-23 ubudala, kunye nenkwenkwana eneminyaka esibhozo edutyulwe phambi kwabazali bayo-ngelixa uninzi lwenzakala kakhulu . Ngaphezulu kwama-250 babelaliswe esibhedlele, uninzi lwalahleka imilenze, ngenxa yemeko yeebhombu, ezazipakishwe ngeebheringi kunye neenzipho zonzakele kakhulu kubantu abamsulwa.
Akungabazeki ukuba i-saga edandathekileyo yabazalwana baseTsarnaev inefuthe kunyulo lukaDonald Trump kunyaka ophelileyo. Aba yayingabafana beeposta zokuba kutheni ukwamkela abafuduki kunye neembacu ezivela kwimimandla yamaSilamsi eyonakaliswe yimfazwe ayithathwa njengeyona mbono ininzi ngabantu abaninzi baseMelika. Nangona isiqingatha-Chechen ngookhokho, u-Tamerlan kunye no-Dzhokar bachongwa njenge-Chechen ngokupheleleyo-eyindoda, ethanda imfazwe kwaye engoyisi. UTamerlan, umntakwabo mdala owayeyinkokheli yezimvo kunye nokusebenza kweqela labo lemigulukudu ye-jihadist, ngokuthe ngcembe yamkela inguqulelo enkulu ye-Islam. Apha impembelelo kamama wabo, umSilamsi oqinisekileyo, ubonakala ngathi unomhlaza.
Nokuba bathini na aba bahambi babini baba ngama-jihadists, inkuthazo yabo yokuqhushumba iBoston Marathon yayiluluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwezikhalazo zamaSilamsi: Iimfazwe zaseMelika eMbindi Mpuma, inkxaso yethu kwa-Israyeli, kunye noluhlu olude lwezithuko zaseNtshona Ihlabathi lamaSilamsi (lokwenyani okanye elithelekelelwayo). UTamerlan, umfana onomsindo, waziguqula waba ngumlo wamanqindi onqwenelayo waba yi-wannabe ye-jihadist uphila ngentlalontle , Benza iyelenqe lokubulala abantu baseMelika ababemngqongile.
Nalu uhambo awaluthathayo ngonyaka ka-2011 esiya kwikhokho lakhe kwingingqi yaseCaucasus kumazantsi eRashiya kubonakala ngathi wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ku-radicalization ka-Tamerlan. Inkonzo yoKhuseleko yase-Federal, i-FSB enamandla yaseRussia, ibukele eminye yemisebenzi yakhe ngexesha lesiqingatha-seminyaka uTamerlan ayichithe kwi-turf yabo. Bayiqaphele imibutho yakhe namaSilamsi aziwayo kunye nezinye izinto ezinxulumene noko, ezinye zazo zizihlobo zakhe, kwaye bemthatha njengomntu okrokrelayo. Emva kwebhombu yaseBoston, i-FSB mayaziwe ukuba babelumkisile i-FBI malunga noTamerlan kunye nemibutho yakhe ethandabuzekayo kwiminyaka emibini phambi kohlaselo lomdyarho-okuthetha ukuba i-Bureau iyilahlile ibhola.
I-FBI iwuphonononge lo mbandela kwaye wagqiba ukuba i-Kremlin yayidlala enye yeemidlalo zayo eziqhelekileyo ze-Tsarnaev, ezama ukwenza amagosa aseMelika abonakale embi. Ngapha koko, i-FSB yayingazange yabelane ngolwazi oluninzi kwaphela ne-FBI, yayinqunyiwe, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akukho nto kufanele ukuba yayiyinto yokuvuka malunga noTamerlan. Ukulunga kwi-FBI, amaRussia ayesasaza amabali malunga neTsarnaevs ngalo mzuzu kanye, kwavela kamva, ukuba uEdward Snowden wayebile amaxwebhu okugqibela ezigidi awazisusayo kwi-NSA, ngaphambi nje kokuba afike eMoscow edlula eHong. Kong, phantsi kokhuseleko lwe-FSB. Ukuthandabuza kuhlala kulungelelwano ngokubhekisele kuzo naziphi na iingxelo zikawonke-wonke ezenziwe ziintlola zaseKremlin.
Nangona kunjalo, i-FBI ayizange izigqume ngozuko ngetyala likaTsarnaev, kubandakanya nokufa okumangalisayo kukaIbragim Todashev, umlo wamanqindi waseChechen oneminyaka engama-27 kunye nomhlobo kaTamerlan. Kwinyanga nje emva kokuqhushumba kweBoston, i-FBI yabuza uTodashev, abarhanela ukuba badlale indima kuhlaselo, eOrlando. Ngokwe-Bureau, lo mfana uhlaselayo wahlasela iarhente embuza, kwaye ekuphenduleni indoda ye-FBI yamdubula yafa.
Imithombo ye-FBI ibanga ukuba, kanye phambi kokuba abulawe, uTodashev wazibamba yena kunye noTamerlan ngokubulala kathathu e-Waltham, idolophu yaseBoston engaphawulwanga ngokubulala abantu abaninzi. Ulwaphulo-mthetho olungasombululwanga lothuse uluntu, kuba lubandakanya ukubulawa ngokukhohlakeleyo kwamadoda amathathu awayeyithanda intsangu. Umqala wabo waqhekezwa-ngokunzulu baphantse banqunyulwa intloko-ngelixa imizimba yayigqunywe ngamawaka eembiza ezixabisa amawaka-waka eedola, umfuziselo wombulali (okanye ababulali, amapolisa ayecinga ukuba kunokwenzeka).
Ke kukho umbandela okhohlisayo wonxibelelwano olunokwenzeka phakathi kweTsarnaevs kunye nobukrelekrele baseMelika. Ngokwala mbono, uTamerlan wayesetyenziswe njengempimpi yi-FBI-kwaye mhlawumbi yi-CIA ngexesha lakhe lonyaka ka-2011 kumazantsi eRashiya-kodwa wakhula engonwabanga kwabo babephethe, kwaye ke wajika waphendula. Olu luthathe incwadi entsha ngumlobi-ntatheli owaziwayo, kwaye ngelixa kufanele ukuba kuvunywe ukuba ubungqina obunzima bethiyori yayo buyasilela, abunakugxothwa ngaphandle kwesandla.
Ingachaza ezinye zeempazamo ze-FBI kuphando ngebhombu yaseBoston kunye nokubulawa kukaWaltham. Kwaye akuthandabuzeki ukuba zombini i-FBI kunye ne-CIA bangakuvuyela kakhulu ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokusebenza kwangaphakathi kwezangqa zeChechen apha naseRussia.
Kwaye ngumcimbi ongaqhelekanga wokuba iTamerlan kunye neDhokar's umalume Ruslan , ummi waseMelika oqhelekileyo kunye negqwetha eliphumeleleyo eligxile kwizivumelwano zeoyile kunye negesi ku-Central Asia, kwaba luncedo ekufikeni kwabo kwilizwe lethu ngo-2003. Malume Ruslan de 1999 watshata intombi kaGraham Fuller, waseBeltway umenzi ovele nje ukuba ligosa eliphezulu leCIA. Ngaphezulu kwekhosi yeminyaka elishumi njengegosa lokusebenza kwe-Arhente, u-Fuller wayeyintloko yesikhululo e-Kabul kwaye kamva waba ligosa eliphezulu kwi-National Intelligence Council.
Inye into engeyomfuneko ukuba ibe ngumcuphi weyelenqe lokuba nemibuzo malunga nokuba usapho lakwaTsarnaev lungene njani eMelika-kwaye benza ntoni emva kokufika kwabo. Ubuncinane, ityala lokubulala likaWaltham kufuneka liphinde livulwe kwaye i-FBI kufuneka ihlambuluke malunga nantoni na, ukuba ikho na into abaye bayishiya kwiakhawunti yabo kawonkewonke yebhomu yaseBoston.
UJohn Schindler yingcali yezokhuseleko kunye nowayesakuba ngumhlalutyi weArhente yoKhuseleko kuZwelonke kunye negosa lobukrelekrele. Ingcali kwezobuntlola kunye nobunqolobi, ukwaligosa lomkhosi wamanzi kunye nenjingalwazi yeWar College. Upapashe iincwadi ezine kwaye uku-Twitter ku @ 20committee.
