Kutyhilwe ntoni ngokudibana kwakhona kukaVeck's Masterpieces eGhent

UVan Eyck: Uguquko lweOptical ngumboniso wehlabathi we-blockbuster, obubanjelwe e-MSK eGhent, kwikhaya likaJan van Eyck owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo, Ukudumisa iMvana eyimfihlakalo (1426-1432). Umboniso, oqhubeka nge-30 ka-Epreli, uthengise amatikiti ayi-170,000 kwiiveki nje ezimbini, ke yimpumelelo enkulu ngawo nawuphi na umgangatho. UVan Eyck wayehlala eBruges, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa ngu Isiqendu seGhent , i-triptych enkulu. I-altarpiece kuluhlu oluninzi lwezinto ezibalaseleyo: owokuqala umsebenzi omkhulu wokupeyinta ioyile, umsebenzi wokuqala wobugcisa, yayiyeyona peyinti idumileyo eYurophu xa yagqitywayo, eyona nto inzima kakhulu, kunye nenqaku lokundwendwela amagcisa kunye nabacingayo.

Ukusuka ngo-2012 ukuya ku-2019, uninzi lwee-altare ezibuyiselwe ngokungummangaliso zabuyiselwa. Oku kukhokelele kutshintsho olukhulu kwinkangeleko ye-altare. Umzekelo, isuse i-1823 overpainting kwaye yatyhila ubuso beMvana yaseMystic eyayipendwe ngu-van Eyck njenge-humanoid eyothusayo .

Uqeqesho lukaVan Eyck kunye nokuziqhelanisa kwangoko njenge-miniaturist, ekhanyisa Iincwadi zeeYure ngemizobo emincinci egcwele iinkcukacha ezincinci, kubonisiwe ngokupheleleyo. Kukulungele ukubona la ma-miniature ecaleni kobungakanani bemisebenzi yakhe yobukhulu kunye neephaneli zakhe ezinkulu ezibengezelayo. Wayengowokuqala ukuhambisa iinkcukacha zomsebenzi wamashishini amancinci, kunye nobuchule obuthile obufunekayo bokupeyinta, kwinqanaba elikhulu. Zisebenza njani iipaneli ze Isiqendu seGhent Kuya kufuneka ukuba uzive njengobunewunewu bendawo kuye, emva kobomi bakhe bokuqala evalelwe ngokudlala amakhadi, okanye amancinci.

Zithini iinkcukacha. Ungazibona iinwele ezizimeleyo engalweni ka-Adam, imiqala ekhaleni lakhe, amakhulu ezityalo ezichongiweyo zezityalo, ngaphezu kwe-100 yamanani nganye enobuso obahlukileyo (isithethe ngelo xesha yayikukusebenzisa ubuso obuqhelekileyo kwimifanekiso yenkolo), ukukhanya kukhanya kwaye ngeerubhi neeperile. Iiphaneli ze-altarpiece zidityanisiwe ukuze ziboniswe apha kwaye zibonelele ngeendawo ekugxilwe kuzo, zongezwa eminye imisebenzi ngu-van Eyck kunye nabantu bexesha lakhe. Undwendwe lujonga umzobo kaJan van Eyck, Ubhengezo, ngexesha lomboniso 'Van Eyck: An Optical Revolution' kwiMyuziyam yobuGcisa boBugcisa iGhent (MSK) eGhent.IKENZO TRIBOUILLARD / AFP ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso kaGetty

NdiseGhent ukuya kuthetha kwinkomfa ngamatyala amaninzi apho Isiqendu seGhent yayiyeyona nto. Oko kubandakanya iintlekele ezahlukeneyo ezili-13, kwaye ibiwe, yonke okanye ngokuyinxenye, amaxesha amathandathu okanye asixhenxe, kuxhomekeke kwinkcazo yakho yobusela, iyenza ibe yeyona mifanekiso ibiweyo yehlabathi. Incwadi yam ka-2010, Ukuba iMvana Engummangaliso, yayiluhlobo lwebhayiloji yomzobo, ekulula ukuyiphikisa yayiyeyona peyinti ibalulekileyo eyakha yenziwa.

Bendi zula igalari kunye noogxa bam kwezokhuseleko nezobupolisa, kubandakanya u-Ibrahim Bulut, owayesebenza njengengcali yezokhuseleko kulo mboniso. Uye wakhankanya ukusetyenziswa kohlaziyo lokukhanyisa okuqeshwe apha, umlinganiso wemiboniso yexesha elizayo, kubandakanya izibane ezikumgangatho ophakamileyo wemiboniso yobucwebecwebe efakwe ngaphakathi kwamatyala okhuselo eglasi. Amanye amatyala ayekhanyiswe ngamabala aphezulu kodwa iincopho zawo zazenziwe ngeglasi e-opaque, eyasasaza ukukhanya, ukulinganisa ukukhanya kwelanga ngaphakathi kwityala kunye nokuphelisa naliphi na ilitha. Umboniso ulungiswe ngobuchule, ikopi yodonga ishenxiselwe phezulu eludongeni, ngoko ke izihlwele zinokuwufunda ngokulula ngaphandle kokubambana kwabo bazama ukujonga ubugcisa. Izinto zembali zifunyenwe ziboniswa ecaleni kweepeyinti zika-van Eyck zeziqwenga ezifanayo, kugxininiswa kwindlela ukukhanya okuwela ngayo kwizinto ngokwazo (iglanti yeglasi evuthelweyo yamanzi, isitya sokuhlambela ubhedu) kunye nendlela u-van Eyck ayifumana ngayo ngokuchanekileyo.

Umxholo womboniso yindlela le misebenzi emelwe ngayo, ngexesha lokutyhilwa, inguqu ebonakalayo, kwaye inqaku lenziwe kakuhle. Ugqirha Maximiliaan Martens, ingcali ye van Eyck kwiYunivesithi yase Ghent, wachaza ukuba eyona njongo iphambili yesitayile sika van Eyck yayikukuvelisa umdlalo wokukhanya-ukubonakalisa kwawo, ukubonakalisa, ukujonga ngokukhanya-kwipeyinti. Ubonise ividiyo eshukumayo ecothayo yamanzi ewela kwisitya esigcwaliswe ngamanzi, indlela ithontsi ngalinye elityumza emanzini elingezantsi lidala uxinzelelo, emva koko lenze amathontsi emoyeni, athi wona abuyele kwisitya. Sibona oku kuphela ngevidiyo kwi-slo-mo, kodwa uVan Eyck ukwazile ukupeyinta oku ngokuchanekileyo njengoko ikhangeleka kwifreyimu yesakhelo sevidiyo. Ngokucacileyo wayenenkumbulo yokufota, umculi waseSlovenia uJaša, owayehamba nathi, utshilo. Kwaye iliso lokukhumbula iinkcukacha ezidlula ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba uninzi lwethu aluzazi.

Kwi Iinjineli zikaKristu Iphaneli ye-altarpiece, sibona iintlobo ezintathu zokubonakalisa kwisuti enye yesikrweqe. Iqhina liphethe umkhonto obomvu, kwaye sibona ukubonakaliswa kwentsimbi kuqhekeke kwiziqingatha ezibini njengoko igobe phezu kwesigcina-sifuba sayo esiyi-angled; emva koko sibona ukukhanya kwelanga kubonakalise ngokuchasene nekhaka lakhe eli-convex, kwaye kwakhona kubonakalise ukuvela kwakhe, umgcini ojikelezayo wamagxa. Inkulungwane ye-15 Isiqendu seGhent iboniswe eSt Bavo's Cathedral eGhent, eBelgium, kubandakanywa nokuBuyiselwa ngokutsha kwepaneli yeMvana ye-Mystic.DIRK WAEM / Belga / AFP ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso kaGetty

Njengoko ndandisiya kwigumbi lokugqibela lomboniso, ndaye ndadideka. Yayiphi enye intambo? Umboniso wamiselwa ukuba igumbi lokugqibela libe yincopho enkulu, esandula ukucocwa Ukudumisa iMvana eyimfihlakalo Iphaneli esembindini ekubonisweni ngokupheleleyo, kunye namanani amakhulu kaMariya, u-Kristu obekwe etroneni (etolikwa ngabanye abaphengululi njengoThixo uYise), kunye noJohn uMbhaptizi. Kodwa umboniso uphelile, kunokuba ngesiquphe. Ukubona iipaneli eziphambili zetheko, kwafuneka siwele idolophu eya eSaint Bavo Cathedral, apho babebuyiselwe khona emva kokubuyiselwa kweminyaka emihlanu.

Inxalenye yovuyo lokubona ezo nkcukacha kumboniso we-MSK zavela ngokuchaseneyo nendlela i-altarpiece eboniswa ngayo eSaint Bavo Cathedral, kwityala elinzima lokuzikhusela elinobuncinane beenyawo ezintlanu phakathi kweglasi kunye nomnqamlezo. Yinto eninzi yokuthengiswa kwezindlu nomhlaba eyahlula amehlo ethu kumzobo ngokwawo.

Kwiphaneli yeqonga elibonisa uMariya kwi Ubhengezo, uboniswa eguqe phambi kwencwadi evulekileyo, iTestamente eNdala, apho kubonakala amagama amathathu nje kuphela. Baguqulela njengoko uThixo abona. Kwaye le yeyona nto ingumboniso kunye nothando luka-van Eyck. Ukukwazi ukuvelisa imizobo ebonelela ngombono kaThixo wehlabathi, ukusuka kwi-macroscopic (intsimi yamakhulu amanani ahlonipha iMvana ye-Mystic) kwi-microscopic (ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya kwiso lehashe, iipopu kwimpumlo yomntu). Isakhono sokusondela kufutshane nemizobo kulo mboniso yayiyinto endingazange ndayibona ngaphambili. Ngokwenyani bendifundile ngakumbi kuvavanyo olunokusondeza Iipikseli ezinomfanekiso wedijithali weebhiliyoni ezintlanu Isiqendu seGhent kunokuba bendikhe ndayijonga buqu, ngenxa yendawo ye-buffer kumboniso oqhelekileyo we-altarpiece e-Saint Bavo.

Ngobuchwephesha bezokhuseleko banamhlanje, akukho mfuneko yecala elinjalo-umsebenzi unokukhuseleka kakuhle kwimeko efana naleyo isetyenziswe kumboniso omtsha, neglasi yokhuseleko eyomeleleyo ekhangeleka intekenteke kwaye esivumela ukuba sifumane i-intshi umzobo. Ngo-Okthobha u-2020, u-Saint Bavo uvula iziko elitsha labatyeleli, kwaye ndinethemba lokuba oku kuya kuhambelana nomboniso ophuculweyo womsebenzi oxabisekileyo ngokwawo.