UAnn Twomey.
Izibhedlele zase-US zaqala njengamaziko esisa emva kweminyaka ye-1800, exhaswa ngemali ngabanikeli abazizityebi kunye nemibutho yezenkolo. Injongo yayijolise kukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nokunakekela amahlwempu. Kwakucacile ukuba ivelaphi imali, kucacile ukuba iyaphi.
Kuninzi okutshintshileyo. Ngakumbi nangakumbi, izibhedlele zethu zasekuhlaleni ziyanyamalala, kwaye endaweni yazo iinkqubo ezinkulu zenkampani ziyavela Iingeniso zezibhedlele ngoku aziveli nje kukhathalelo lwezigulana, kodwa ezivela kwinkxaso mali, utyalomali, amaziko okuhlinzwa abagulayo, kunye nengeniso evela kwizibhedlele ezilawulwa iindlela zonyango.
Esinye isibhedlele saseBergen County esaqala ngo-1880 ngeebhedi ezili-12 ngoku siyinxalenye yenkqubo enezibhedlele ezingama-28. Inkqubo yesibhedlele esandula ukudityaniswa iya kuqesha phantse abantu abangama-50 000, ngengeniso ye- $ 8 yezigidigidi zeedola.
Njengoko iinkqubo zesibhedlele zikhula, zihlala ziqala ukwenza izinto ezinje ngamaziko enzuzo, ngelixa zigcina imeko engeyoyenzuzo. Umthombo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali yabo kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi kwaye kungabonakali ekuhleni. Ngokunjalo nomsebenzi wabo, ubudlelwane babo noluntu lwasekhaya, kunye nolwalamano lwabo nabasebenzi kunye noogqirha.
Kuqhelekile ngoku ukuba izibhedlele ezingenzi nzuzo zibe nazo kwaye zibonelele ngezemali kwiinkxaso-mali zokwenza inzuzo, ukuba nezinto ezinenzuzo ezisebenza kwipropathi yabo ekhululwe kwirhafu, ukubandakanyeka ekwabelaneni ngenzuzo kunye noogqirha babo; kunye nembuyekezo ye-CEO yesibhedlele ukufikelela kwizigidi.
E-Trenton, amagosa anyuliweyo ajonga ukuba ingaba izibhedlele ezingenzi nzuzo ezizezenzuzo kwaye zivumela oogqirha ukuba basebenzise izibhedlele zabo ngolawulo oluncinci (ngakumbi ngaphezulu kweendlela zokuhlawula) zijolise kuphela kwimishini yokunceda inkonzo yezempilo eluntwini, okanye bayinxalenye yesakhiwo seshishini esenza ingeniso engahlawuli isabelo sabo serhafu sepropathi.
Le ngxoxo yenzeka hayi kuphela ngenxa yokukhula kweenkqubo zesibhedlele, kodwa ngenxa yokuba uninzi lweedolophu nezixeko zethu zijamelene neengxaki zemali, kwaye zinobunzima ekufumaneni iindleko zeenkonzo zikarhulumente ezibalulekileyo. Izibhedlele, njengezinye iinkampani, zingabaqeshi abakhulu kunye nabasebenzisi abakhulu beenkonzo zengingqi ezifana namapolisa, umlilo, iziseko zophuhliso kunye nokhuseleko loluntu.
Zombini ezi nzuzo azenzi nzuzo kunye nezibhedlele zenzelwe inzuzo zinoxanduva lokuba ngabamelwane abalungileyo, ukutyala kwakhona kukhathalelo lwempilo, ukumamela iimfuno zoluntu, kunye nokwabelana kwiindleko zeenkonzo zalapha ekhaya, nokuba kungenxa yemirhumo yoluntu okanye irhafu yepropathi.
E-New Jersey, isibhedlele esiqhelekileyo esingenzi nzuzo sifumana i-1.6 yezigidi zeedola rhoqo ngonyaka ngenxa yokuxolelwa kwirhafu yepropathi. Ngelixa uninzi lwezibonelelo zerhafu zixhasa imisebenzi yesisa, izinto ezenza inzuzo kunye nemisebenzi kwizibhedlele ezingenzi nzuzo ziyaxhamla kwizikhewu kumthetho okhoyo.
Ukubuyisa uxolelo, urhulumente ufuna izibhedlele ezingenzi nzuzo ukuba zibonelele ngezibonelelo zoluntu, ezibandakanya uphando, uqeqesho lobungcali kwezempilo, kunye neenkqubo zemfundo yezempilo yoluntu. Ikwabandakanya ukhathalelo lwesisa olunikezelwa kwizigulana ezingakwaziyo ukuhlawula, ekufuneka zibonelelwe zizo zonke izibhedlele, nokuba zithini na iimeko zerhafu.
Izibhedlele ziziankile kuluntu lwethu, zibonelela ngeenkonzo ezibalulekileyo kwaye ziqesha inani elikhulu labemi bethu. Zombini ezenzelwe inzuzo kunye nezibhedlele ezingenzi nzuzo zinezimilo, kunye nezomthetho, uxanduva kwizigulana zesibhedlele kunye noluntu lwethu, ukugxila ekukhuthazeni impilo kunye nokunyanga ukugula. Izibhedlele kufuneka ziqhubeke ziqhutywa ikakhulu zezi zibophelelo, endaweni yenzuzo okanye ukhuphiswano.
Oko kuthetha ukwenza ngaphezulu kokhathalelo lwesisa. Kuthetha ukuqinisekisa ukuba 'izibonelelo zoluntu' zisekwe kwiimfuno zoluntu eziyinyani, kwaye ziya kuphucula iziphumo zempilo kubahlali bethu. Kuthetha ukusebenzisa intsalela ukutyala imali kwakhona esibhedlele, kumanyathelo ezempilo oluntu, kunye neminye imisebenzi ephawuleka kumaziko esisa.
Ndiyazi ukuba izibhedlele ezininzi ziyithatha ngokungathí sina le mishini. Ukuhlawula irhafu yepropathi ngokuhambelana nexabiso lepropathi esetyenziswa ziinkxaso-mali ezenzelwe inzuzo okanye ngoogqirha ababandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yenzuzo ezimeleyo kulawulo lwesibhedlele kufuneka babe yinxalenye yolo thumo.
Njengoko indlu yowiso-mthetho ye-NJ ixoxa ngomthetho omtsha kunye nokusekwa kwekhomishini yokufunda, sibongoza ukubandakanywa kwabahlali basekuhlaleni, amagosa kamasipala, abasebenzi bezempilo kunye nabameli kwinkqubo. Izisombululo kufuneka zenze ingxelo kwaye zikhusele iinkonzo zoluntu, iidolophu kunye nezibhedlele ezikhuselekileyo zokhuseleko, kwaye zibandakanye ukucaca kwezemali, kuba ubukhulu kunye nesantya sokudityaniswa kwesibhedlele kunye nokuxutywa kwemali okulandelayo kwenza ukuba kube nzima 'ukulandela imali.'
Sifanele ukulindela ukuba zonke izibhedlele zethu zibe ngabemi abadibeneyo kunye nabamelwane, kunye namagosa anoxanduva lokhathalelo lwethu lwempilo.
UAnn Twomey ngumseki kunye nomongameli HPAE
