Iimidlalo ezili-10 eziphezulu ze-Chess kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo

I-Chess, enye yeyona midlalo mdala emhlabeni, ibonisa amaxesha. Nangona imigaqo ingatshintshanga kwiminyaka engama-500, indlela umdlalo odlalwa ngayo uchaphazeleke kakhulu yitekhnoloji.

Ukusetyenziswa kweekhompyuter zechess kuncede ekufumaneni ukulandelelana okutsha kokuhamba, ngakumbi kwisigaba sokuvula semidlalo, kwaye yenze ukuba abadlali bazilungiselele ngcono kwaye babe nolwazi ngakumbi kunangaphambili.

I-Intanethi yenze ukuba kube lula ukufumana abachasi imini nobusuku, ivule amathuba kubadlali ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ngekhe baphuhlise umdla wabo okanye amandla abo. Intshatsheli yangoku, uMagnus Carlsen, osuka eNorway, ungumzekelo obalaseleyo. INorway yayingena phantse isithethe sabadlali ababalaseleyo phambi kukaMnu Carlsen, kodwa wabuqaqambisa ubuchule bakhe edlala amawaka emidlalo kwi-Intanethi.

Itekhnoloji ikhawulezise indlela abadlali abaqolileyo ngokukhawuleza ngayo. Kubekho uqhushumbo lweprodigies kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo. Umnumzana Carlsen, ngoku uneminyaka engama-24, waba ngumkhulu, isikhundla esiphezulu, kwi-13, kunye noSamuel Sevian, umfana waseMassachusetts, oza kuba ne-14 ngo-Disemba 26, waba ngumkhulu omkhulu kwinyanga ephelileyo-omncinci kunabo bonke o-Grandmaster waseMelika kunye nomncinci wesithandathu kwimbali (elandela uCarlsen ngeenyanga ezintandathu kanye).

Eyona midlalo ilungileyo kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo ikwabonisa namaxesha. Oku kulandelayo luluhlu lwee-10 zezona zibalaseleyo kwaye zinomdla. Akumangalisi ukuba, uGarry Kasparov, owayesakuba yintshatsheli kwihlabathi liphela, owaba nguvulindlela ekusebenziseni iikhompyuter kunye neintanethi kwi-chess.

1. Umdlalo 6 womdlalo weBlue Deep - Garry Kasparov, ngoMeyi 11, 1997

Abadlali:

UGarry Kasparov: yintshatsheli yehlabathi ukusukela ngo-1985, yintshatsheli yehlabathi encinci embalini, ikwindawo yokuqala engu-1 ukusukela ngo-1985, ekwaziyo ukubala ukuya kwisithathu ngomzuzwana.

Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: Ukudlala i-Chess kwikhompyuter ephezulu eyenziwe yi-IBM, ekwaziyo ukubala ukuya kuthi ga kwizigidi ezingama-200 zezikhundla zechess ngomzuzwana (nangona kunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo, uninzi lwazo lunexabiso elilinganiselweyo)

Umdlalo wawunembali njengoko yayingumdlalo wokugqibela kuthotho kwaye wagqiba umdlalo kumatshini. Umdlalo ngokwawo wawungengowomdlalo odlalwe kakuhle nguKasparov. Ngapha koko, wenza impazamo yokuvula - nangona inokuba yayiyinjongo njengoko wayengekabuqondi ngokupheleleyo ubuchule bekhompyuter. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uphendule ngokuqaqambileyo. Emva kweentshukumo ezili-19 kuphela, uKasparov waphosa itawuli kwaye warhoxa. Kwakungokokuqala ukuba intshatsheli yomntu iphulukane nomdlalo wommiselo kwikhompyuter. I-Chess, kunye necandelo lobukrelekrele bokuzenzela, ngekhe lifane.

2. Kasparov vs. IVeselin Topalov, iWijk yiZee, eNetherlands, Jan. 20, 1999

Abadlali:

UGarry Kasparov, bona umdlalo weBlue Blue

UVeselin Topalov: Inkulumbuso yaseBulgaria ibekwe kwindawo yesihlanu ephezulu kwihlabathi, eya kuthi ekugqibeleni ibe nguNombolo 1 emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kukaKasparov, kunye neentshatsheli zehlabathi

Lo ngumdlalo obizwa ngokuba yi-Immortal Game kaKasparov (owathiywa emva komdlalo wokuqala obizwa ngokuba yi-Immortal eLondon ngo-1851 phakathi kuka-Adolph Anderssen noLionel Kieseritsky). Yadlalwa ngexesha letonamenti enkulu yonyaka eNetherlands. Kwi-Move 24, uKasparov waqala indibaniselwano eyothusayo ngokwenza idini nge-rook. Ukuhamba kamva, wanikela ngedini lenye i-rook yakhe (eyayingenakuthathwa nguTopalov). Lilonke, indibaniselwano yolule i-13 yokuhamba, kunye nesigqibo esimangalisayo sokuncama i-rook eseleyo kwakhona, ekwafuneka ukuba uKasparov ayibone kwangaphambili. I-Topalov yarhoxa kwiintshukumo ezimbalwa kamva.

3. I-Kasparov vs. Ihlabathi, i-Intanethi, 1999

Abadlali:

Kasparov, bona umdlalo weBlue Blue

Ihlabathi: Abadlali abavela kwihlabathi liphela bavotele intshukumo ephakanyiswe ngabadlali abane abakhethekileyo- u-Etienne Bacrot wase-France, uFlorin Felecan wase-United States, u-Irina Krush wase-United States no-Elisabeth Paehtz wase-Jamani.

Ngokwenene umsitho wokuqala omkhulu we-chess kwi-Intanethi. Umdlalo wabanjelwa kwiZone yeMidlalo yeMSN. Umdlalo wajika waba ziinyanga ezine ezintsonkothileyo, i-marathon yokuhamba engama-62, eyagqitywa nguKasparov, kodwa ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu. Emva koko, wathi uchithe ixesha elininzi ehlalutya lo mdlalo kunawo nawuphi na umdlalo.

4. Umdlalo we-12 womdlalo wobuntshatsheli wehlabathi, iTopalov vs.Viswanathan Anand, Sofia, Bulgaria, Meyi 16, 2010

Abadlali:

I-Topalov, jonga uKasparov vs. umdlalo weTopalov

I-Anand: Inkulumbuso yokuqala yase-India, intshatsheli engenakuphikiswa ukusuka kwi-2007 ukuya kwi-2013 (de yoyiswa nguCarlsen), owayesakuba ngu-1, kunye nomdlali odumileyo kunye nempumelelo yakhe yedwa wavusa umdla kwi-chess kwilizwe apho umdlalo wadalwa khona

Umdlalo-obalaseleyo kwi-12 imidlalo yobuntshatsheli behlabathi-wawubotshiwe. Ukuba lo mdlalo ubutsaliwe, ubuya kuya kuthotho lwemidlalo ekhawulezayo, apho u-Anand ebehlala esaziwa ngobukroti bakhe (ekuqaleni kobomi bakhe, waphumelela ubuntshatsheli obukhawulezayo behlabathi). I-Topalov, mhlawumbi ingathandi ukuthatha umngcipheko kwi-playoff, igqibe kwelokuba icinezele phambili kwindawo apho amathuba ayelingana. Njengoko i-Topalov yayalela iziqwenga zakhe kwindlovukazi, u-Anand akazange aphoswe lithuba lakhe kwaye wanyanzela ukuba avule icala lokumkani ngenkqubela phambili ekhawulezileyo. Ukumkani wazingela. Nangona u-Topalov waqhekeka kwaye wahluthwa, u-Anand wayengaphazanyiswa, efumana intshukumo ebulalayo emva kwentshukumo ebulalayo. Kungekudala uTopalov kwafuneka anikezele ukumkanikazi wakhe ukuze athintele iqabane lakhe. Umphumo wokugqibela waba yindledlana ka-Anand kunye noTopalov ekugqibeleni warhoxa, eshiya uAnand ephethe isihloko.

5. Umdlalo we-14 womdlalo wobuntshatsheli wehlabathi phakathi kukaVladimir Kramnik noPeter Leko, eBrisissago, eSwitzerland, ngoJanuwari 15, 2004

Abadlali:

UKramnik: Inkulumbuso yaseRussia, indoda eyabeka uKasparov esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-2000 ukuba athathe ubuntshatsheli behlabathi, owayesakuba ngumdlali we-1 emhlabeni

ULeko: Umkhulu waseHungary, umdlali wokuqala ukuba ngumkhulu ngaphambi kokuba aneminyaka eyi-15 (ngo-1994, xa wayeneminyaka eyi-14), owayengowokuqala ezintlanu kwihlabathi

Ngo-2004, uLeko wadlala iKramnik kwitumente yehlabathi kumdlalo obalaseleyo we-14. ULeko, umdlali owomeleleyo elulwalweni, wayephezulu kumdlalo wakhe kwaye wakhokela ukuya kumdlalo wokugqibela. I-Kramnik kuye kwafuneka iphumelele ukubopha umdlalo, kwimeko apho iya kugcina isihloko. (Kwakunguloo mthetho wokugqibela wokuba iintshatsheli zisigcine isihloko xa kukho iqhina elakha lasetyenziswa. Ngoku, kukho inkqubo yokudlala.) Ubuncinci iKramnik yayinoMhlophe.

Uvule nge-1 e4 kwaye uLeko ukhethe uKhuselo lweCaro-Kann, olunokuba nzima kakhulu ukuqhekeka. U-Leko walwela ukutshintshiselana nookumkanikazi kwangethuba, ekholelwa ekubeni ookumkanikazi bemkile, amathuba akhe okuphulukana nawo angancitshiswa. UKramnik, eqonda ukuba utshintshiselwano luya kumvumela ukuba aqinise uxinzelelo lweqhinga kwisikhundla sikaLeko, akazange akuphephe ukurhweba. Ngokuthe ngcembe, wakha ithuba lakhe. Nangona umdlalo usiya kumdlalo wokugqibela, unamaqhekeza amancinci kunye nambalwa, inzuzo kaKramnik inyukile. Ekugqibeleni, wamatsha inkosi yakhe yenyuka ibhodi, kwaye nangona wayene rook kunye ne knight eseleyo, waluka umnatha wokulinganisa ujikeleze inkosi kaLeko. Ukujongana nokujonga, uLeko warhoxa kwiMove 41 kwaye uKramnik wagcina isihloko sakhe. Yayinikwe uxinzelelo kunye neemeko, lolunye lolona loyiso lubalaseleyo kwimbali.

6. Ulevon Aronian vs. UAnand, uWijk waseZee, eNetherlands, uJan. 12, 2013

I-Levon Aronian: I-Grandmaster yase-Armenia, inde umdlali we-2 emhlabeni, nangona kutshanje eye watyibilika ku-5; iminyaka eliqela mhlawumbi oyena mdlali ubalaseleyo womdlalo ophakathi emhlabeni

Anand, jonga iTopalov vs Anand umdlalo

Itonamenti eNetherlands, ebibanjelwe edolophini elunxwemeni lolwandle, ibiyenye yezokhuphiswano oluphezulu lwehlabathi amashumi eminyaka. Nangona u-Anand wayeyintshatsheli elawulayo, umdlalo wakhe wawonakele kule minyaka idlulileyo. UAronian wayengomnye wabaceli mngeni kwikamva lakhe. Ukuvulwa kwenye yeendawo ezivulekileyo ngoku. IAroni idlale inyathelo elintlangothi-mbini, kwaye uAnand waphendula ngombono onzima ngakumbi. Wayilandela ngendlela engaqhelekanga kungekho namnye, kodwa imibingelelo emibini. Ngexesha u-Aronia eqonda ukuba kwenzeka ntoni, umgibe wawusele uqalile. Wayeka emva kokuhamba okungama-23 kuphela, njengoko kwakuza kufuneka anikezele ukumkanikazi kunye ne-rook yokumisa iqabane. Olunye loloyiso olukhulu luka-Anand.

7. UMagnus Carlsen vs. USipke Ernst, Wijk waseZee, eNetherlands, Jan. NgoNovemba 10, 2004

Abadlali:

UCarlsen: Inkulumbuso yaseNorway, intshatsheli yangoku yehlabathi kunye nenombolo ye-1 kumdlali obalaseleyo emhlabeni, yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo kulo lonke ixesha

U-Ernst: UGrandmaster ongumakhulu oza kukhunjulwa ngcono emva kokuba umsebenzi wakhe ugqityiwe kulo mdlalo

Le tumente, kunye nalo mdlalo, wabhengeza kwihlabathi ukuba uCarlsen wayeyinto ekhethekileyo kwaye inokuba yintshatsheli yehlabathi. Wayeneminyaka eli-13 kwaye kwicandelo le-C letonamenti-ibigcinelwe abadlali abasakhulayo. Nangona wayengoyena mntu uthatha inxaxheba, wabaleka ebaleni, wafumana amanqaku ayi-12.5 kwali-13. Lo mdlalo wothusa nje ababukeli kunye nabalandeli kwihlabathi liphela. U-Ernst ukhethe i-Rock-solid Caro-Kann Defense kwaye kubonakala ngathi wenza kakuhle. Ke kwi-Move 18, uCarlsen, ngaphandle kwesilumkiso, wancama i-knight. U-Ernst kwakungekho mfuneko yokuba ayithathe kwaye, xa ebheka emva, wayengafanele ukuba. Iziphumo yayiloluthotho lweziqhushumbisi kunye namadini ajikeleze ukumkani wakhe. Kuqala ubishophu, kulandele rook. UCarlsen ulugqibile uhlaselo ngeqabane elihle le-epaulette kwi-Move 29. Okumangalisayo kukuba, uCarlsen kungekudala wakhupha olu hlobo lokungathathi-mabanjwa kwaye waguquka waba yile nto ayiyo namhlanje- mhlawumbi oyena mdlali ubalaseleyo kumdlalo wokugqibela kwimbali yomdlalo.

8. UAlexander Morozevich vs Maxime Vachier-Lagrave, Biel, Switzerland, Julayi 28, 2009

Abadlali:

UMorozevich, inkulumbuso yaseRussia, ubekwe kwindawo ephezulu njengeNombolo 2 kwihlabathi; Ungomnye wabadlali abanobuchule kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo kwaye, xa ebekho, ngomnye wabayingozi kakhulu

UVachier-Lagrave: umakhulu waseFrance, obekwe kwinqanaba le-10 ephezulu; wayenelishwa lokuzalwa ngo-1990, ke waziwa njengoyena mdlali wesithathu ubalaseleyo oza kuzalwa ngaloo nyaka, ngasemva kukaSergey Karjakin waseRussia (oyena makhulu mncinci embalini eneminyaka eli-12, iinyanga ezisi-7) noCarlsen, intshatsheli yehlabathi

U-Morozevich waqala uhlaselo olunobukrakra nolunobuqaqawuli, encama i-knight ukuze aqhekeze iziko kwaye atshabalalise i-pawns ekhusela inkosi kaVachier-Lagrave. Kwimeko enzima ngokungaqhelekanga, uVachier-Lagrave wayeqhubeka nokufumana iindlela zokwenza iingxaki zeMorozevich kwaye, kwizihlandlo ezimbalwa, waphoswa yimpazamo yokubetha. Kungekudala, inkosi kaVachier-Lagrave yafumana indawo yokuhlala kwicala lokumkani, kodwa rook yakhe yayivaleleke phambi kwayo kwaye ingathathwa nangaliphi na ixesha yenye yeempuphu zikaMorozevich. Ngandlela-thile, elo xesha alizange lifike. Ekugqibeleni, uVachier-Lagrave wakwazi ukusinda kwizisongelo kwaye wawaqhekeza amaqhekeza akhe, ekhokelela kumdlalo ophumeleleyo. UMorozevich, ejongene neqabane, warhoxa kwiMove 76. Yayingumzabalazo we-titanic, oneempazamo kumacala omabini, kodwa yayiyichess kwindawo yayo yokonwaba.

9. UMikhail Krasenkow vs Hikaru Nakamura, Barcelona, ​​Spain, Okt. 19, 2007

Abadlali:

IKrasenkow: Inkulumbuso yasePoland, intshatsheli kazwelonke yezihlandlo ezibini

UNakamura: Inkulumbuso yaseMelika, intshatsheli kathathu kwilizwe liphela, umdlali ophambili waseMelika kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, okwangoku ebekwe kwindawo yesi-7 kwihlabathi, akaguquki kwaye uhlala enochuku.

Ngomhla wama-20, uNakamura, odlala uMnyama, wabonakala ngathi uya kuhlaselwa ngukumkanikazi wakhe. Kuphela wayebone ngaphezulu. Endaweni yokufudusela ukumkanikazi wakhe kolu hlaselo, wancama iphenyi, etsala ukumkani waseKrasenkow phandle. UKrasenkow urhoxile kwisenzo esixhenxe kamva, njengoko ebengenakumisa iqabane.

Yayiyikhephu kwiintsuku ezimbini ezimangalisayo zikaNakamura. Kusuku olungaphambi kwalowo, edlala i-White, inkosi yakhe yayiziswe elubala ngohlaselo lokuzincama lwe-Jordi Fluvia Poyatos yase-Spain. Ukumkani waseNakamura wonzakala ngo-h7, phantse ejikelezwe yindlovukazi kaPoyato, rook kunye nobhishophu. Kodwa, endaweni yokuba semngciphekweni, inkosi kaNakamura yayikhuseleke ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye uPoyatos warhoxa, iziqwenga zakhe zaba lixhoba lokujongwa ngukumkani waseNakamura. UNakamura uya kuphumelela ukhuphiswano.

10. Anish Giri vs. U-Levon Aronian, Wijk a Zee, wase-Netherlands, Jan. NgoJanuwari 14, 2012

Abadlali:

UGiri: UGrandmaster omkhulu, oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala kwaye sele ebekwe kwinqanaba le-10 ephezulu kwihlabathi

IArmoniya: Jonga umdlalo weAronian vs Anand

Ukanti omnye umdlalo omnandi ovela kwitumente yonyaka eNetherlands. Ngumqondiso wendlela abazilungiselele ngayo abadlali kule mihla athe uAronian emva komdlalo ukuba upheke idini lotshintshiselwano ayelidlalile kwiMove 13 kule ndawo ingacacanga kakuhle yeQueen's Gambit Inqatshelwe ekhaya. Nangona uGiri wayenyanzelekile ukuba alwe, kwaye eneneni wayedlala kakuhle, wema phantse akukho thuba. Umdlalo wawungumzekelo wokhenketho-wokunyanzeliswa kwendlela iikhompyuter ezenze ngayo ukuqonda kwabantu ngomdlalo. UAronia ugqibile ngedini elihle lokususa indawo yokumkanikazi kunye noGiri, ejonge iqabane, warhoxa.

UDylan Loeb McClain wagubungela i-chess kunye nezinye izifundo zeNew York Times de kwasekuqaleni konyaka. Ungumdlali wenqanaba eliphezulu (FIDE rating of 2320) kwaye uhlala eFrance.