Yibize Nantoni Na Oyifunayo-I-Neo-Fascism ikwiFashoni

Ungumntu othandiweyo! Namhlanje le ilebheli yayiqhele ukuphoswa njengoko ingaqondwa kakuhle. UMongameli uDonald Trump, loo mfo uqhubela phambili waseNew York, ungumntu othanda ubuNazi, sixelelwa njalo. Emva koko kukho intshukumo ye-Antifa (anti-fascist action), elwa nesoyikiso ngo-F ukwenza ubundlobongela ezitratweni njengeehempe eziBrown. Idlalwe kakuhle.

Inkqubo ye- Isichazi-magama se-Etymology ekwi-Intanethi , ngokubanzi sober ngokunikezela ngolwazi, ngokuhlekisayo ubhala ye-fascism yokuba isetyenziswe kumaqela athile eengcinga ukusuka kwi-1923 kwaye isetyenziswe kuye wonke umntu ukusukela kwi-intanethi. Ngokwenyani, nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwekota akuzange kuqale kwihlabathi elibonakalayo kodwa ngembali ebonakalayo. Kodwa ke kuba ndiqinisekile ukuba ubuncinci kuthi abukho ubu-fascists, masiqwalasele ukuba yintoni na umbono, ukuqala ngento engeyiyo.

Ubu-fascism obuqinisekileyo abuzange, ngokuchasene nenkolelo edumileyo, i-ajenda yobuhlanga. Utata wayo osisiseko, uzwilakhe wase-Italiya u-Benito Mussolini, utshilo ngo-1932, ugqatso? Yimvakalelo, hayi inyani. Amashumi asithoba anesihlanu eepesenti, ubuncinci. Akukho nto iyakuze indenze ndikholelwe ukuba uhlanga olusulungekileyo kwindalo ephilayo lungabonakaliswa ukuba lukhona namhlanje… Iqhayiya lesizwe alikho mfuneko yempambano yobuhlanga.

AmaNazi acinga ukuba ubuhlanga butshabalalisa enye yeenjongo zabo eziphambili: umanyano lwesizwe. Ngapha koko, xa u-Mussolini wahlehlisela ku-Adolf Hitler kwaye wenza imithetho echasene nama Yuda (ngokungqongqo, le yayingeyo mithetho yobuhlanga, kodwa ibonakalisa umoya wabo) ngaphambi nje kwe-WWII, babehlala begxekwa njenge-anti-fascist.

Ngaba Ngumntu Ofanelekileyo?

U-Mussolini wayehlala engusoshiyali. Ngokwenene ebengumhleli oyintloko wephephandaba laseNtaliyane Phambili! (ngesiTaliyane, Phambili! apho, okunomdla, kwaba esinye seziqubulo zikaBarack Obama ). Wagxothwa ekuqaleni kwe-WWI-kodwa hayi ngokwala imfundiso yobusoshiyali. Endaweni yokuba, ngelixa iqela lalichasene nemfazwe, u-Mussolini wayephakathi kweqela labaphikisi abashiyekileyo abafuna ukulwa neJamani ne-Austria-Hungary, usenokuthi, wenze umhlaba ukhuseleke kubusoshiyali.

Ngelixa wayengumntwana owalahliweyo weengcinga, wahlala njengenye inzala yakhe. Kwintlanganiso yeqela lase-Milan lase-Milan apho u-1914 wabhengezwa ngokugxothwa kwakhe, yena wakhwaza , Awungekhe undilahle kuba ndinguye kwaye ndiya kuhlala ndisososhiyali. Uyandizonda kuba usandithanda. Kwaye mhlawumbi wayenenqaku. UVladimir Lenin utshilo Phambi kokuthunyelwa ngoososhiyali base-Italiya ngo-1922, Enjani yona inkunkuma esaphulukana nayo noMussolini. Uyindoda yenqanaba lokuqala ebenokukhokelela iqela lethu kumandla e-Itali.

Umbhali uGeorge Bernard Shaw, usososhiyali waseFabian, usenokuba uyasisekela esi siqinisekiso. Wakhe utshilo Uzwilakhe, u-Mussolini waye ekhohlo kwizimvo zakhe zopolitiko kunabo bonke abachasi bakhe bobusoshiyali. U-UC Berkeley uNjingalwazi we-Political Science Emeritus u-Anthony James Gregor, owaziwa ngophando nge-fascism kunye ne-Marxism, ubize u-Mussolini njengo-Marxist 'umgwebi.'

Sele ndiyithethile le nto, kukho impikiswano kunye nokudideka malunga nokuba uMussolini (noHitler) washiyeka okanye ulungile ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba amagama ngokwawo ayabhidisa-kwaye ahambelana. Ukuqala ngoQhushululu lwaseFrance ngo-1789, izikhundla zazalwa ngenxa yokuba oononkosi babehleli kwicala lasekunene kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho, ngelixa iiriphabliki (Oko kukuthi, abo bazama ukwenza iriphabliki) bahlala ngasekhohlo. Ewe kunjalo, abalungileyo namhlanje ababuxhasi ubukumkani, kwaye amaMelika asekhohlo alwa neeriphabliki-ubuncinci i-capital ye-R.

Ukuqaphela ukuba ilungelo kunye nekhohlo zihambelana nokuziqhelanisa kunye nenkululeko, jonga ukuba ngelixa ii-1950s zaseMelika zazingachasani nobukomanisi, babenomthetho eSoviet Union. wayengumkhomanisi . Kwaye namhlanje, ama-European conservatives akhululeke ngakumbi kunathi.

Inkcazo kukuba ekuphela kwengcaciso engaguquguqukiyo yolondolozo kunye nenkululeko, ngokulandelelana, ngumnqweno wokugcina imeko ikwangoku kunye nomnqweno wokutshintsha; Ke, njengoko imeko ikwahluka amaxesha ngamaxesha kunye nendawo ngendawo, kunjalo ke nangeenkolelo ezichazwe ngala mabini ezopolitiko.

Ke umbuzo wokuqala ayikokuba i-fascism ishiywe okanye ilungile (enyanisweni, abalandeli bayo bayibiza ngokuba yiNdlela yesiThathu), enokuba sisiphazamiso. Phambi kokuba siyibeke naphina nakweyiphi na imeko yezopolitiko, kufuneka sibuze: Zeziphi ezona nkolelo zobu-fascist?

I-ideology, kwakhona, yayizelwe ekusekweni kwe-WWI xa i-Italiyane ishiye ukwahlukana ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kungquzulwano. U-Mussolini emva koko waba ngumseki oyintloko we-fascism, ogama lakhe livela ikakhulu hamba , ukuya inyanda yeentonga eziqulethe izembe kunye nencakuba ebonakala Oko kwakuza kusiwa phambi komantyi waseRoma kwaye kufuzisela amandla. Kodwa luhlobo luni lwamandla awayejolise kuwo uMussolini?

Ewe, njengoko uzwilakhe echaze i-fascism, Bonke ngaphakathi kurhulumente, akukho nto ingaphandle kombuso, akukho nto ichasene nombuso. Ngaba oku kuvakala kufana neenkcubeko zaseMelika, kugxilwe kubo kurhulumente omncinci, okanye kwiiDemokhrasi, ezifuna ukugxila kumgaqo-siseko kunye nokudibanisa amandla angaphezulu?

U-Mussolini waphinda wathi, Ndiyaxela ukuba ukusukela ngoku imali kunye nabasebenzi baya kuba namalungelo alinganayo kunye noxanduva njengabazalwana kusapho lwama-fascist. Ngaba oku kuyabakhumbuza abagcini baseMelika kunye nokugxininisa kwabo kwinkululeko yezoqoqosho okanye kwimfazwe yeklasi kunye nolawulo lobuzwilakhe lasekhohlo?

I-Italiya yongeza ngo-1924, uThixo akakho-inkolo kwezenzululwazi yinto engenamsebenzi, ekuziphatheni okubi nakwamadoda sisifo. Ngaba oku kuvakala ngokungathi ngumbutho owaziwa ngeLungelo lobuKrestu okanye umntu ophethe imigangatho yakhe kanye bahlekisa UMbindi Merika ngokubambelela kwinkolo?

Inyani elusizi kukuba i-neo-fascism ikwimfashini namhlanje, kodwa hayi ngenxa kaTrump. Endaweni yokuba, ngokukhula korhulumente, simnike amandla okulawula yonke into kwaye sivumele ikapitali yongxowankulu, sisondela ngakumbi kwinjongo ka-Mussolini, Bonke ngaphakathi kurhulumente, akukho nto ingaphandle kombuso, akukho nto iphikisana nombuso.

Ngokuqinisekileyo uzwilakhe wavuma. Ukudumisa icon yeDemokhrasi yincwadi ka-1933 ka-Franklin Roosevelt Ndijonge phambili , yena ubhale Esikhumbuza ngobuFasi ngumthetho-siseko wokuba urhulumente akasayi kushiya uqoqosho luye kwezi zixhobo zakhe… Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, imeko ehamba nolu tshintsho [iNtetho eNtsha] iyafana naleyo yeFascism.

Nokuba sijonga uMussolini njengendoda yasekhohlo okanye nje indoda eshiye ingqondo, ukufana phakathi kukayise osungula i-fascism kunye neenkululeko zethu kufanele kubenze babe luvalo nje. Ngokuqinisekileyo yayinempembelelo komnye wabo, umlindi oshiyekileyo oshiyekileyo kunye nezopolitiko uTom Hayden.

Ngexesha lokuvela kukanomathotholo kwi-Chip Wood Show kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, uHayden watyholwa ngofowunayo ngokuba ngumvukeli wobukomanisi. Umbuki zindwendwe wamkhusela, esithi uHayden akanangxaki ngokuhlala ezandleni zabucala logama nje urhulumente eqinisekisa ukuba izinto zenziwa ngokufanelekileyo. UHayden uvumile, enika imizekelo eliqela yokuba urhulumente kufuneka aqinisekise njani ukuba iimpahla kunye neenkonzo zihanjiswa ngokulinganayo.

Umthi ezinxulumene incoko yabo kwi-2010. Uxelele uHayden, 'Into oyichazileyo ayibobukomanisi okanye ubusoshiyali. … Ayisiyiyo le nkqubo uyifunayo-apho ubunini buhlala ezandleni zabucala, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kulawulwa ngurhulumente-eneneni ayifomu ubuFasi ? ’

Kwakuthe cwaka ndimangalisiwe xa ndiqhubeka, 'Ngapha koko, Tom, ayilunganga na into yokuba inkqubo yezoqoqosho ofuna ukusinyanzela yona e-United States yinto ye-fascism yamandulo, njengoko yayisenziwa eJamani ka-Hitler nase-Italy kaMussolini? '

Impendulo kaHayden? Cofa. Ebebeke I phone. Kwaye yiloo nto eyenzekayo xa uxhonywe kwi-ideology engenakho ukuba nenkululeko njengoko ungathanda ukuyithanda.