IPOLAND-2021/03/21: Kulo mfanekiso wesimboli ilogo ye-Ethereum iboniswe kwi-smartphone eneepesenti zentengiso yesitokhwe ngasemva. (Ifoto Umzekeliso ngu-Omar Marques / Imifanekiso ye-SOPA / i-LightRocket nge-Getty Izithombe)Ifoto eboniswa ngu-Omar Marques / SOPA Imifanekiso / LightRocket ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso kaGetty I $ 69 yezigidi ukuthengisa irekhodi YeBeeple YONKE IMIHLA: IINTSUKU zokuqala ezingama-5000 ngoChristie ngo-Matshi 2021 wakhawulezisa ukuthandwa amathokheni angabonakaliyo (NFTs) ubusuku bonke. Amagcisa amaninzi ayayibona le ntengiselwano ibhloko ye-blockchain njengendlela ekhawulezayo nelula yokuthengisa ubugcisa bedijithali ngokusebenzisa amaqonga awahlukeneyo anje Isiseko , I-OpenSea , kunye Ekhoyo kwaye amaxesha amaninzi bazifumana befunda kabuhlungu malunga nemirhumo yegesi, iirhafu, iirhafu ezithengiswayo kunye nomthetho welungelo lokushicilela. Yintoni ekufuneka bayazi amagcisa (kwaye bayenze) ngaphambi kokuqala umzamo weNFT? An igqwetha kwaye igqwetha lamalungelo amagcisa liyacacisa.
Qonda i-NFTs
I-NFTs ziirekhodi ezisekwe kubhlokhi ezibonisa ubunini beeasethi zedijithali. I-blockchain yitekhnoloji eyaphuhliswa okokuqala yeBitcoin kwaye kamva yahlengahlengiswa ukuze isetyenziselwe amashishini onke (kunye nezinye ii-cryptocurrensets), ezenza irekhodi elingaguqukiyo lokuthengiselana ngokongeza umgca omtsha wolwazi ngalo lonke ixesha i-asethi ihanjiswa.
Kwi umxholo wobugcisa , Ii-NFT zibonelela ngobungqina obubodwa nobucacileyo bobunini kwaye Umbhali wegcisa, kuba igcisa lokupeyinta lihlala lidwelisiwe njengomnini wokuqala wobugcisa bedijithali obudityaniswe ne-NFT. Ukupeyinta yinkqubo yokungqinisisa into ethile IEthereum 'S blockchain ngokukhupha ithokheni, enje ngerekhodi yedijithali yento leyo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kweqonga leNFT, igcisa, kunye nomthengi: ngubani ongumnini?
- Igcisa lingumsunguli weqhekeza kwaye ungumnini welungelo lokushicilela emsebenzini (ngaphandle kokuba benze umsebenzi).
- Umthengi ufumana isatifikethi sobunini esekwe kubhlokhi, ebonisa wonke umnini wangaphambili.
- Iqonga le-NFT lihlala lihlawulisa umrhumo wenkonzo (ngokuhambelana nekhomishini), enokuthi umthengisi ayakhe kwixabiso lentengiso.
Ngelixa irhafu yokuthengisa kurhulumente i akunakulindeleka ukuba ufake isicelo kwidijithali (okt engaphathekiyo) iiasethi, kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba Inkonzo yangaphakathi yeNgeniso (IRS) ithathela ingqalelo i-cryptocurrensets (ezinje nge-Ether) njengepropathi ukuba i-asethi ye-crypto ifumene ixabiso ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuthenga i-NFT. Oku kuzimisela kuyahambelana nokuzuza kwemali kwaye kudala umsitho ohlawulelwa irhafu ekufuneka ubhalwe kwirhafu.
Khetha elona qonga libalaseleyo lokuthengisa kunye nelakho
Inkqubo yokwenza ngokwakho enikezelwa ziindawo zentengiso zeNFT ivumela amagcisa ukuba athengise ubugcisa be-crypto ngaphandle komthengisi wobugcisa okanye igalari. Ngeendawo ezingaphezulu kwama-50 zokupeyinta kunye nokurhweba ngeeNFTs, kulula ukulahleka. Uninzi lwamaqonga okushicilela aphindwe kabini njengeendawo zentengiso, kodwa ayizizo zonke ezenziweyo zilinganayo kwaye zisebenza kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo. Amanye amaqonga aqokelelwe kwaye amema kuphela (umz. Isango elihle , Yazi , Isiseko , Ezingaphezulu ) Kwaye ezinye zifuna ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi ngaphambi kokuzibandakanya (okt. Ekhoyo , Isiseko). Uninzi lwamaqonga lubiza intlawulo yenkonzo: umzekelo, iNifty Gateway ithatha I-5% kunye ne-0.30 yeedola kwintengiso nganye yesibini; Ezingaphezulu ithatha umrhumo omncinci we-3% wentengiselwano kuzo zonke izinto ezithengiweyo, ezihlawulwe ngumthengi; kunye neSiseko iindleko ikhomishini ye-15%.
Inkqubo ye- imigodi yokubala kungeniswa ziitransekshini kusetyenziswa i-blockchain ye-Ethereum, ethi phantse onke amaqonga e-NFT ayisebenzise, ifuna ukuhlawulwa kwemali yegesi. Ezi ukutshintsha-tshintsha kuxhomekeke kwimfuno yenethiwekhi kwaye ngokuyintloko igubungela amandla afunekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe intengiselwano kwi-Ethereum. I-OpenSea , edibanisa iiNFTs ezithengiswe kwamanye amaqonga, ibonelela nge Ukupeyinta ubuvila ukhetho, olubalelwa kwintlawulo emiselweyo yemirhumo yegesi de kube kuthengiswa kanye. Ukuba iindleko zokuhombisa zinqabile kakhulu, Mint Fund inceda abadali be-crypto yokuqala ngokugubungela umrhumo wegesi.
Isibonelelo esinye sokuthengisa ubugcisa bedijithali ngetekhnoloji ye-blockchain, ngokuchaseneyo nemicimbi yentengiso yobugcisa bemveli, yimali ebuyiswayo ezenzekelayo ebuyela kumzobi. Umthetho wangoku wase-U.S ayibaniki lungelo amagcisa ukuya kwipesenti yenzuzo yokuthengiswa kwakhona eyenziwe ngabaqokeleli kwimarike yesibini. Ngaphandle kokubandakanya igatya lokubuyisela kwi isivumelwano sangasese (yona ngokwayo ayinakunyanzeliswa), itekhnoloji ye-blockchain, ngendlela ye izivumelwano ezifanelekileyo , inikeza enye indlela eyamkelekileyo. Iikhontrakthi ze-Smart sisiqwenga sekhowudi yokuzenzela, uthotho lwee-automated ukuba, emva koko iimeko ezivumela ukuhanjiswa kwemali, njengeeRoyalty Rights, kumntu onegama nganye intengiselwano. Uninzi lweemarike zeNFT zakha ezo zinto zizenzekelayo ziphinde zathengiswa kwizivumelwano zazo (umz.I-SuperRare, iSiseko) kwaye inokude inikeze ubhetyebhetye ekukhetheni inqanaba lokubuyiselwa kwasebukhosini (umz.Nifty Gateway, Rarible). I-OpenSea ivumela abaphuhlisi ukungenisa izivumelwano zabo zengqondo ngaphambi kokuba benze i-NFT okanye abasebenzisi banokusebenzisa isampulu yesivumelwano sesampulu yeqonga.
Le bhonasi yongeziweyo ayikho ngaphandle kwemida yayo: iiroyaltys ezizenzekelayo zingasebenza kuphela xa i-NFT iphinda ithengiswa nge iqonga elifanayo . Umzekelo, umsebenzi owenziwe wathengiswa kwiNifty Gateway awunakuvelisa nayiphi na ingeniso yomculi ukuba unikwa ukuthengiswa kwiRarible; Nangona kunjalo, iSiseko sine isivumelwano neOpenSea ukuba zonke iintengiso zentengiso yesibini kule yokugqibela ziya kuhlala zisasaza i-10% yasebukhosini. Ngokufana nokukhetha umthengisi wezobugcisa kwintengiso yokuqala yobugcisa bomntu, lo ngumngcipheko wokulahleka kolawulo kwisiqwengana (kwidijithali okanye hayi) nje ukuba utshintshe izandla.
Ukhuseleko: gcina ulwazi lwakho lukhuselekile
Ngaphambi kokuyila i-NFT nakweyiphi na iqonga, amagcisa aya kudinga ukunxibelelana nesipaji esine-Ether. Iimali zedijithali zingagcinwa kwizipaji zesoftware (ngokusebenzisa amaqonga otshintshiselwano kwi-Intanethi anjengeCoinbase okanye iMetaMask) okanye iiwallet zekhompyuter (i-hard drive yangaphandle). Iipajethi zekhompyuter zezotyalo-mali lwexesha elide oko kukuthi kuqinisekisiwe ukukhuseleka ngakumbi kuba azinakuqhekezwa xa ungaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi.
Xa ukhetha isipaji se-crypto, jonga ukungqinisisa kwezinto ezimbini, gcina ngokukhuselekileyo idilesi yakho yesipaji (efanayo nenombolo yekhadi ledebhithi) kunye nebinzana lakho lembewu (elifana negama lokugqitha), kwaye uziqhelise usebenzisa iVPN Nanini na xa kuthengiswa imali yedatha. Amagcisa kufuneka ajonge kwakhona ukuba yeyiphi isipaji esamkelweyo kwindawo yentengiso ye-NFT (umz.Isiseko sisebenzisa kuphela iMetaMask).
Yiba yingqondi malunga nelungelo lokushicilela
Ilungelo lokushicilela sisiseko sepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kwaye amagcisa kufuneka ayazi ukuba ayisebenzisa njani kwaye nini, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kwi-NFTs . Umthetho weLungelo lokushicilela ka-1976 Izibonelelo ababhali bemifanekiso yoqobo, yemizobo, okanye yemifanekiso eqingqiweyo enelungelo elilodwa lokuvelisa nokusasaza iikopi zomsebenzi, kunye nelungelo lokwenza imisebenzi evela kwezinye.
E-U.S, ngelixa ubhalisa ilungelo lokushicilela kunye IOfisi yeLungelo lokushicilela ayiyo iyafuneka ukuba amalungelo ahambelana nawo abekhona, yiyo ngu iyimfuneko ukuze inyanzelise abanye. Ngelixa amaqonga kufuneka ukuba abe neenkqubo zokunika ingxelo kunye nokuthatha izinto zokwaphula umthetho, kulula ukuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuqonda ukubhalisa njani Umsebenzi wobugcisa obubonwayo, ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambili iyapapashwa.
Kuyalingwa ukusebenzisa imifanekiso esele ikho kunye nokuyifaka kwi-NFT kodwa ukwenze oko ngaphandle kotshintsho olukhulu kunye nomyalezo ocacileyo ongezelelweyo kuthetha ukuhamba kwintambo. Ukupeyinta umzobo wedijithali ngaphandle kokugunyaziswa ngumbhali wayo kungakhokelela kwizimangalo, kwaye umaphuli-mthetho kuya kufuneka aphikise ngelokuba Ukusetyenziswa kulungile phantsi komthetho welungelo lokushicilela. Ekumiselweni kokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo, iinkundla zijonga ukufana phakathi komsebenzi wokuqala kunye nommangalelwa, imeko yenguqu kunye nomsebenzi wommangalelwa, kunye nemarike efanelekileyo apho amaqela ngokwahlukeneyo eguquka khona. Ngokomzekelo, kwifayile ye- isigwebo sangoku ye Isiseko seAndy Warhol v. Goldsmith , inkundla yomanyano yezibheno yema ecaleni nomfoti wemifanekiso yeNkosana eyasetyenziswa nguAndy Warhol ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe ngqo. Isivumelwano sokulayisense esilula sinokuthintela iintloko ezininzi kwaye lithuba elihle lokusebenzisana nabanye abadali.
Ukongeza, amagcisa kufuneka azi ukuba umthengi we-NFT akalifumani ilungelo lokuphinda avelise umsebenzi ophantsi, engekho kwisivumelwano esibhaliweyo phakathi komculi nomthengi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokweMigaqo neMiqathango, iqonga leNFT linokuthi lizinike ilayisensi engakhethiyo, kwihlabathi liphela, elinikezelweyo, elinelayisensi, engapheliyo, kunye nelayisensi engenasimahla yokuvelisa kunye nokusasaza ikopi yomsebenzi othengiswayo ngeenkonzo zawo. Ngelishwa, la magama awanakuthethathethana.
Yenza izigqibo zeshishini ezikhanyiselweyo
Ukutshintsha indlela yobugcisa umntu ayenze kwi-cryptoart kufuneka icwangciswe ngononophelo njenge Isigqibo seshishini ngokufanayo nokukhetha umthengisi wobugcisa okanye igalari. Imakethi ye-cryptoart ngoku kufanelekile kufutshane ne-445 yezigidi zeedola kunye neNifty Gateway yinkokeli yangoku yentengiso kumthamo wentengiso. Olu khuphiswano luyoyikeka, ke kubalulekile ukuba uqonde ngejoggon, ukhethe iqonga elililo, kwaye ufumane iingcali ezinolwazi lokuthembela kwiingcebiso. Sukulindela ukuba oku kuzise ingeniso ekhawulezayo okanye engagungqiyo-kuya kuba ngcono ukuba ungabeki mali kuthengiso lwe-cryptoart ukuhlawula irente. Ngale ndlela, ayihlukanga kwaphela kwintengiso yobugcisa yakudala.
Ukongeza, cinga ngempembelelo yendalo ye-ether yezemigodi: ngokwe Umphandi omnye , i-footprint esetyenziswa ziikhompyuter ukwenza i-NFT enye yohlobo olunye ilingana nomhlali wase-EU osetyenziselwa umbane ngenyanga enye. Xa kuthelekiswa, ngaphezulu kwekhosi ye-2020, iMyuziyam yaseLouvre eParis nayo yayinjalo ukusetyenziswa kombane njengamakhaya angama-677,224. Unokucinga ngokutyala imali ngengeniso efunyenwe kwintengiso ye-cryptoart ukuxhasa imali kaJason Bailey Isibonelelo seGreenNFTs ,, okanye ezinye iinzame zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kweeNFTs.
Zama ngesiqwenga esinye ngexesha ngendlela obuya kwenza ngayo xa uqala ngesixhobo esitsha. Unokufuna ukwenza i-cryptoart egcwalisa, ifake, okanye ivuselele iziqwenga esele zikhona ngokudlala ngemithombo yeendaba, njengokuguqula imizobo kubugcisa bedijithali obunxibelelanayo ngokongeza isandi nokudlala ngoopopayi ngokusebenzisa iifom zegif okanye ze .mp4. Unokufuna ukwenza uthotho lweNFT kuphela kwaye ubone ukuba yeyiphi imisebenzi edume kakhulu. Zama kwaye ufumane eyona nto isebenzela wena kunye nomqokeleli wakho ekujoliswe kuye, ngelixa uhlala unyanisekile kuhlobo lwakho, amaxabiso kunye noluntu.
Ekugqibeleni, ii-NFT zibonelela ngenye indlela enomdla kwimarike yobugcisa bemveli ngaphandle kokuba umntu uyaziqonda izisombululo ezisemthethweni. Ukukhetha indawo efanelekileyo yentengiso kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa oza kuyithengisa kufanele ukuba ibe sisiphumo sokuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kwezinto ezifanelekileyo, zomthetho, kunye nezeshishini.
Umxholo weli nqaku wenzelwe ulwazi kuphela kwaye awenzi ngcebiso zomthetho.
