Imizekeliso nguDawid Ryski OKANYEemva kwemini enomoya eWilliamsburg, uElise Goujon wayechaza iBrooklyn kubakhenkethi abahlanu baseFrance. Ubotshwe ngengubo enqunqwe ngoboya, isikhafu esinde kunye nomnqwazi odityanisiweyo ophethe ipom-pom enkulu, wafaka ibhegi yakhe enkulu wakhupha i-iPad. Kwisikrini sayo bekuboniswa imifanekiso yekhathuni yendoda eseBrooklyn: iindevu, ihempe yeflannel, iiglasi ezirhabaxa. Ke U-Nksz. Goujon utshilo, emisa kancinci. Iimvubu . Abakhenkethi bahleka besazi njengoNks. Goujon, emi kwikona yeNorth 6th Street kunye neBedford Avenue ngaphandle kweNew York Muffins, baqhubeka nokudwelisa ii-cliché signifiers, ezibandakanya ii-bulldogs, i-graphic design kwaye, kunjalo, iibhayisekile zegiya ezisisigxina.
UNks. Goujon, 31, uphuma eNantes, isixeko esikuloMlambo iLoire esaziwa ngee-cookies (kunye nomthetho odumileyo ka-King Henry IV). Kodwa njengomseki we INew York Off Road , Inkampani eneminyaka emithathu ubudala ezinikele ngokukodwa ekunikezeleni ukhenketho lwesiFrentshi eKing County, uye wazibonakalisa njengengcali kuzo zonke izinto zaseBrooklyn chic-kwaye ibango leenkonzo zakhe liphezulu. UNks Goujon, obesandula ukuboniswa kwicandelo lenkqubo yeendaba ye-TV yeFrance veki nganye Imizuzu engama-66 , iye yangena kwihlokondiba lababoneli baseFrance ngoku elijikeleza eBrooklyn, i-Gallic fascination du jour, kumanani anyukayo. Kunyaka ophelileyo, wakhokela malunga ne-1 000 yamadoda nabafazi baseFransi kwiindawo ezimiliselwe e-boutique, e-graffiti-ezazisasazekile eWilliamsburg naseBushwick.
Njengoko uhambo lwaseBrooklyn luqhubeka, UNks Goujon, osandula ukufudukela eWilliamsburg ngakwilali yase East East, wazisa abakhenkethi e Heatonist, umthengisi oshushu osandula ukuvulwa kunye nento engaqhelekanga kumaFrentshi, angatshisi ngokwenene isosi, okanye uyiqonde. Iisampulu zazinazo. UNoah Chaimberg, umnini-dolphin wabakhupha, wema emva kwekhawuntari, encuma kamnandi kwibhasikithi emnyama ye-baseball enomphetho ojijekileyo kunye nentshebe ebomvu ehambelana neesosi ezibonisiweyo. UFransi, watsho, ufana nolwimi lwesibini eWilliamsburg. Bajonge uhlobo lobugcisa bobugcisa, umoya ogcwale ngokudluleleyo kodwa wabhengeza ngokungathandabuzekiyo ngamaphephandaba aseFrance, awayesandula ukugubungela iBrooklyn ngobungqindilili obumangalisayo. Kwivenkile yokudibanisa eParis, isitayile sePark Slope! ukuya isihloko kwiwebhusayithi yesiFrentshi eyabhengezwa ngoDisemba, ebonisa iPark Slope Food Coop, eyasekwa ngo-1973, njengeendaba kubafundi baseFrance. Isikhokelo se-Backpacker , isiFrentshi esilingana IPlanethi eyedwa , kutshanje yongeze iBrooklyn kwisikhokelo sayo saseNew York. Ukuwa kokugqibela, ivenkile yesebe laseParis Le Bon Marché inikezele umxholo wayo wonyaka kwisitayile saseBrooklyn , ukufaka, umzekelo, iinqaba zamanzi ezingezizo. I-vibe yaseBrooklyn iye yangena kubomi baseParis, ngokunjalo. Iilori zokutya zininzi , njengokuba usenza Imivalo kunye neefestile ezinophawu lwaseBrooklyn , ezonyusa kuphela umnqweno wokubona eyona nto iyiyo. Akucaci ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni, okanye nini, oku kwenzekayo. IBrooklyn-okanye indibaniselwano yabamelwane abanjengeFort Greene, iCobble Hill kunye neProspect Heights, abasebenzi babo, iingcambu ezincinci ziye zacinywa kakhulu-ibe yindawo yokucinga engacacanga kodwa enomdla wobunye ubomi. Oku, ngaphandle kwento yokuba ezo ndawo zithandwayo ziFrentshi-iivenkile zokubhaka kunye neevenkile zokwenza ikofu kunye nabathengisi beeshizi kunye nevenkile ezikhethekileyo kwikona nganye, umzekelo-zizinto ezifanayo ezenzeka eFrance. Yintoni ebangela ukuba umdla waseBrooklyn ube nomdla ngakumbi kukuba amaFrentshi kufanelekile ukuba enze ubukrelekrele, ubucukubhede obusoloko sibathanda - kwaye kufanelekile ukuba babe nebhongo ngayo, besirhintyela ngokungathandabuzekiyo thina bantu baseMelika abangamabhongo ipitsa kunye neebhega kunye neCheez Whiz. Besisoloko sineManhattan, iChicago, iSan Francisco — izixeko ezikhulu zaseMelika — kodwa ke, bezisoloko zineParis. Kodwa kuyacaca ukuba ayisiyiyo loo nto kwakhona, ukuba yayikhona. Into eyenziwa yiBrooklyn ngcono kunale siyenzileyo eFrance yinto entle, utshilo uNicolas Dutko, umnini-venkile yokutyela waseParis okwiminyaka yakhe yama-30 kwaye uhlala eGreenpoint-indawo leyo yasePoland ngaphambili-eza kudwelisa ezimbalwa iivenkile zokubhaka , Iitshokholethi kunye nemivalo yakudala eye yalawula indawo yedolophu kule minyaka ingamashumi idlulileyo. E-France, zonke ezi ndawo zikhona, kodwa azipholi. Zili-10 izikolo ezilolu hlobo eNew York, ezinabafundisi-ntsapho abangama-65 kunye nabafundi abali-1,500, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yi Inkqubo yesithathu ngobukhulu esixekweni , ngasemva kweSpanish nesiTshayina. Zisixhenxe kwezi nkqubo ziseBrooklyn. Baye balukuhla inani eligqithisileyo labemi abancinci baseFrance-abapheki, amagcisa, ootitshala-kwisithili, ke abantwana babo baya kuba nakho ukungena. (Ngokwesiqhelo, abemi baseFrance kwicandelo lenkampani bahlala eManhattan, bakhetha ukuthumela abantwana babo kuLyçée Français, isikolo esidumileyo sabucala saseFrance e-Upper East Side — nangona omnye umakhi-mkhanya waphawula ukuba iintlobo zezemali zaseFrance ziqala ukungena eBrooklyn, nazo.) Umzi woonozakuzaku baseFrance uqikelela ukuba bamalunga nama-75,000 abemi baseFrance abahlala kwingingqi yedolophu yaseNew York. , kwaye ukusukela ekuqaleni kokufika, uluntu lwaseFrance esixekweni lubone ukonyuka malunga neepesenti ezingama-45. La manani anokuba ngaphezulu, kodwa isiqinisekiso saseFrance saseBrooklyn asinakukhanyelwa. Ngentsasa yakutshanje eGreenpoint, umzekelo, ngaphandle kwePS. I-110 kwisitrato i-Monitor Street -enye yezona zinto zintsha zongezwa kwinkqubo yokuntywilisela yaseFrance-i-cavalcade yabazali baseFrancophone yaphosa abantwana babo kolo suku, behamba kunye no-joie de vivre. Siza kubakhathalela ngokupheleleyo abazali baseMelika abangathethi isiFrentshi, besithi 'hi' kwaye bephuzana ezidleleni zombini, utshilo uClaire François, 35, umama ohlala kule ndawo evela kwiidolophu zaseParis. UFabrice Jaumont, imfundo ibotshelelwe kwiNdlu yoZakuzo yaseFrance eNew York owayehlala eGreenpoint ukusukela ngo-2001- kunye nendoda eyaphembelela ukwandiswa kweelwimi ezimbini-bathi ukungena kwe-French eBrooklyn kwaqala ngokuzimisela emva kwe-9/11, xa ubume besixeko oburhabaxa kunye nezitalato ezinemithi kukhuselekile — kuze ke kutshiphu — kunokoyika uManhattan. Kungekudala, uCarroll Gardens, owayengummelwane waseNtaliyane ngokwembali, wayeqhayisa ngokubulala iivenkile zokutyela zaseFrance ecaleni kwesitrato iSmith, njengeBar Tabac, iBanania Café kunye neCafé Luluc. I-Bobos ye-BoCoCa ibifikile-i-flâneurs-kwaye ukusuka apho basasaza i-Gallic tentacles kwindawo yokutyela, icandelo lezobuchwephesha, icandelo lezolonwabo. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo okanye njalo, amaziko aseFrance athe gingci kulo lonke eli dolophu. Kukho Inja engabonakaliyo, indawo yobugcisa e-Boerum Hill eyasekwa ngo-2009; Le Gamin, indawo yokutyela eGreenpoint, ivulwe ngo-2010; UmFrentshi ungumnini weDough Donuts eBhed-Stuy. Iintsuku zozuko lokutya kwaseFrance eNew York ziyabuya, utshilo u-Amadeus Broger-waseSwitzerland-waseTibetan kutshanje kuvulwe indawo yokutyela yaseFrance ebizwa ngokuba yi-L'Antagoniste kwisitalato iHancock naseMalcolm X Boulevard-ebhekisa kwiindawo zokudlela zaseMidtown ezaziwa njengeLa Caravelle kunye neLutèce. AmaFrentshi aye afikelela kwimimandla engqonge iBhanki yeBhanki. IsiFrentshi, eMelika esifundileyo, ngoku singummakishi weklasi, uJohn McWhorter wolwimi wabhala kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo kwi IRiphabhlikhi eNtsha , nakwikota yesithili sebhohemians eyaziwayo, amaFrentshi lulongezo olwamkelekileyo. Banobutyebi. Ngokwe-Census Bureau, umvuzo wamakhaya aseFransi eNew York malunga ne- $ 84,500. (Umzi ophakathi wedolophu ujikeleze i-50,400 yeedola.) Uninzi lwabantu baseFransi eBrooklyn baya kukuxelela ukuba indawo evakalayo ivakala ngathi ilali, nokuba yeyaseYurophu. EParis, kwisithili seThoba, sinesitalato esibizwa ngokuba yiRue des Martyrs, kwaye singathi sikhangeleka njengesinye isitalato eBrooklyn, utshilo uLaetitia Gazel Antoine, oneminyaka engama-45 kunye nabantwana abane abafudukela eCarroll Gardens malunga kwiiveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo ezivela kwisiXeko sokuKhanya, kwaye sisebenzela ukuqala. Umzekelo, uya kuba neevenkile ezikhethekileyo zeedizethi. Akukho mntu ubonakala ekhankanya ukuba amaFrentshi ebenoxanduva lokuguqula iBrooklyn ibe yindawo ye-bobo bastion, okanye ubuncinci bokucokisa iindawo zaseBrooklyn ezinomfanekiso ngomfanekiso wabo-ngokuchaseneyo nendlela, yithi, ezorhwebo zaseMelika zayiguqula iChamps-Élysées. Abantu baseMelika bahlala bethatha i-French gastronomy kunye ne-haute couture njengemiqondiso yobomi obulungileyo, kodwa kumaFrentshi abo babonisa nje ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Kwaye ke ukuthambeka okwangoku kweGallic kunye ne-borough kunokuba ngamaFrentshi ajonge ngokungakhathali esipilini. Sisangqa esikhohlakeleyo, uqhula uGaetan Rousseau, oneminyaka engama-43 ubudala, umvelisi ozelwe ngesi-France we-sitcom esele iphelile Ikhebhu IBrooklyn , Umboniso wokuqala welinye ilizwe ukufumana iikhredithi zerhafu kurhulumente. Uhlale eBrooklyn ukusukela ngo-2005 kwaye wafudukela eGowanus kunyaka ophelileyo. Abantu baseFrance bathanda abantu baseFrance. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1600, amawaka ambalwa amaHuguenot eza eNew York, azinza eStaten Island, eBrooklyn naseQueens naseHudson Valley emva kokuba uLouis XIV ewususile umthetho i-Edict of Nantes, owawunike amaCalvin aseFransi unqulo. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalonto, amaFrentshi awanamabali amaninzi asisiseko okuphendula ngobukho babo eNew York (ecaleni, mhlawumbi, evela eVerrazano, owayehamba ngesikhephe isiFrentshi xa wayephethe iLa Dauphine ukuya e-Upper New York Bay ngo-1524 kwaye wafumanisa IManhattan). Ngoku, nangona kunjalo, bafumana enye-uhlobo lwe. Ndikhule ndimamela onke la mabali avela kutat'omkhulu, xa amaMelika eza ezokhulula iidolophana zaseNormandy, kwaye mhlawumbi bendinombono malunga naloo nto, utshilo uThomas Brodin, 38, umphuhlisi wangaphambili kunye nomyili wewebhu waseNormandy ohlala emantla eGreenpoint. Ukuba olu hlaselo lwaseFrance luya kuhlala kwesinye isizukulwana akunakwenzeka ukuxelela, nangona kuqhubeka-isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo saseFrance siza kungekudala. Abahloli babandakanya umntu omnye ohlala kwi-Upper West Side kodwa wabona uNksk Goujon kumabonwakude. Isibini esitshatileyo esikwi-20s yabo babesuka eMarseille, behlala eTimes Square. Kubonakala kupholile, omnye wabo watsho ngeWilliamsburg. Kubonakala ngathi zininzi iivenkile ezihlekisayo. U-Anne Polini, 58, umphathi wegcisa langoku eParis, emakwe kunye nomyeni wakhe, UPhilippe Risoli , 62, ngubani into yodumo kwi Unxantathu , ibambe iinguqulelo zesiFrentshi ze Ubungozi! kwaye Ixabiso lilungile . Babeye eNew York izihlandlo ezili-15, batsho, kodwa zange banyathele eBrooklyn. Ukusuka eFrance, seva ukuba yi-subquarter entsha ehlaziyiweyo, utshilo umnumzana Risoli ngesithili, isiNgesi sakhe sithe nca. Ke bendifuna ukuqinisekisa.YKungenzeka ukuba ubaqaphele, bajonge kwi-graffiti e-Bushwick, bezixakekisa nge-Airbnbs e-brownstone Bed-Stuy, behlala eCarroll Gardens. AmaFrentshi ahlala eyithanda iManhattan — amandla ayo obuchwephesha, ubukhulu bayo buboniswa kwiimuvi nakwiinkqubo zeTV-kodwa kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, ukhenketho lwaseFrance eBrooklyn luye lwanyuka. Nangona kungekho manani akhoyo okubhalwa kwenyikima yangoku yakutshanje, ngokutsho kwesixeko umbutho wezokhenketho , Abakhenkethi baseFrance banesibindi ngakumbi, kwaye bathanda ukuya kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwendlela. Kwi-2014, isixeko sithathe malunga ne-734,000 yabakhenkethi baseFrance, inyuka phantse iipesenti ezingama-200 ukusuka ku-2005, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ukubheja uninzi lwabo lwenze indlela yokuwela i-East River. Uhlobo lwaseBrooklyn eLe Bon Marché eParis. ( Ifoto ngoncedo lukaLe Bon Marché )
UKUYANgexesha elifanayo ukuba ukhenketho lwaseFrance eBrooklyn luqhubekile, kukwanjalo nokufudukela eFrance kwisithili, ngenxa ikakhulu ukwanda Iinkqubo ezimbini zesiFrentshi zolwimi kunye nokukhululeka kokuhamba koluntu eMelika. Yintoni eqale njenge iinzame zasemva kwesikolo Ixhaswe sisibonelelo esivela kurhulumente wase-France u-morphed, ukusukela oko inkqubo yokuqala yasekwa kwiminyaka esithoba eyadlulayo e-P.S. I-58 kwiCarroll Gardens, kwiqela lezikolo eziziilwimi ezimbini neziphakathi. P.S. I-110, eGreenpoint, yenye yezongezo zamva nje kwinkqubo yesiFrentshi yeelwimi ezimbini esixekweni. ( Ifoto ngoncedo lwe-PS. 110 )
Izitalato ezinemithi yeCarroll Gardens ngoku zigcwele ngabantu baseFrance. ( Ifoto nguKaitlyn Flannagan )UKaitlyn FlannaganOKANYEEwe kunjalo, amaMelika kunye namaFrentshi bahlala benolwalamano olufudumeleyo, Imfazwe yase-Iraq isenza into nangona kunjalo: Uguquko lwethu lwaphefumlela olwabo, kodwa ngekhe siphumelele eyethu ukuba ibingeyiyo eyaseMarquis de Lafayette, othe ngexa wayene-avenue Emva kwakhe eBrooklyn, iibhloko ezili-10 kumantla e-L'Antagoniste. Kwaye amaFrentshi anika i-US esona sipho sigqibeleleyo sokugcina indlu ukubhiyozela ikhulu leminyaka, iLady Liberty, eyamkele izigidi zabaphambukeli kwizibuko laseNew York, apho incam esemazantsi esibhakabhaka saseManhattan simi kakuhle. ikoloni Amalungiselelo e-Paris (nangaphaya) ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane. Ngapha koko, amaFrentshi ebesoloko ehleli ngenkani xa kusiziwa ekujikelezeni umhlaba, ngaphandle kwexesha elidlulileyo lobukoloniyali. Enye yezinto ezenza ukuba ubukhosi baseFrance bube nzima ukugcina kukuba bambalwa abantu baseFrance abafuna ukuhlala ngaphandle kwelizwe labo, ngelixa iBrits yayithanda ukuhlala eIndiya nase Mzantsi Afrika, utshilo u-Edward Berenson, umlawuli weZiko leFrench Study. kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York.
