Abadanisi beqhuba iDresden Semperoper Ballet Vertigo Maze , Umsebenzi owenziwe ngumdanisi waseBelgium uStijn Celis.UTIMOTI A. CLARY / AFP ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso kaGetty Kunzima ngokwaneleyo ukufumana umsebenzi njengomdanisi, kodwa ukufumana ikhuselekile Umsebenzi wokudanisa uphantse unqabile njengokuba usenza kwi-NBA. Kukho izikhundla ezimbalwa kwilizwe ezikhoyo ngozinzo lwezezimali unyaka wonke, kwaye uninzi lweballerinas ezinomdla, ezinetalente ezizama ukwenza imali ngeenzwane zabo ezinamadyungudyungu. Akuqhelekanga ukuba umdanisi athathe iigigs zangaphandle, imisebenzi yesibini, okanye ifayile yokungaqeshwa ukongeza ekungqungqeni ixesha eliqhelekileyo lenkampani. Oku kuxokozela kungongeza uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lomzimba kubomi bomdanisi kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ayihambelani nenkqubo yokuyila.
Igalelo elikhulu kukuba iinkampani zomdaniso zaseMelika ubukhulu becala zixhomekeke kwintengiso yamatikiti kunye neebhodi zabucala kuyo yonke ingeniso yabo, kunemithombo embalwa yoluntu yokufumana inkxaso-mali kula maziko aphambili. Kwi-2018, i-Endowment yeSizwe yoBugcisa (i-NEA) yayinebhajethi ye- $ 152,800,000 USD. Ngelixa loo mali ihanjiswa kwizizathu ezininzi ezifanelekileyo, imali ye-NEA ayihambeli kwiinkampani ezinkulu kwizixeko ezikhulu, ijolise endaweni ekuziseni ubugcisa obusekelwe kwilifa lemveli kwiindawo ezinokuthi zingabinayo inkcubeko. Esona sibonelelo sikhulu sanikwa yi-NEA kwiziko elikhulu lokudanisa lase-U.S. Ngaloo nyaka yayisisibonelelo esincinci sama-75,000 seedola kwiAmerican Ballet Theatre. Xa kuthelekiswa, iJamani, ilizwe elinesiqingatha sesithathu sabemi njenge-US, lichithe ixabiso elilingana neebhiliyoni ezimbini zeedola kwinkxaso-mali yezobugcisa kwakuloo nyaka. Ngale mali ilizwe liyakwazi ukuxhasa inani lezikolo kunye neenkampani ezixhaswa ngemali ngurhulumente. Oku kungangqinelani kwenkxaso-mali yezobugcisa phakathi kwamazwe aseMelika kunye nawaseYurophu kuthetha lukhulu ekuxabiseni ilizwe lethu kwezobugcisa kwaye, ngakumbi, amagcisa njengabemi abasebenzayo ababonelela ngenkonzo eyimfuneko.
Iinkampani ze-ballet ezixhaswa ngurhulumente ngokwendalo zenza ngcono ukhuseleko lomsebenzi, engothusiyo ke, kutheni abadanisi abaninzi baseMelika befuna amathuba aphesheya. UDustin Oyinyani ngomnye umdanisi onjalo. Emva kokuqala umsebenzi wakhe eLos Angeles Ballet, waqala waphicotha iinkampani zaseYurophu. Ndinqwenela ukhuseleko lomsebenzi, uyachaza, ndichithe iminyaka emihlanu yokuqala yomsebenzi wam kwizivumelwano zexesha elifutshane, phakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezisithoba zomsebenzi ngexesha. Oko kudendwa ixesha elide kwandinika ixesha elininzi lokuba namava anomdla kwaye wandise ii-horizons zam malunga namathuba okwenza imali, kodwa kwikhondo elifutshane elifana nelomdanisi we-ballet, ndaziva ngathi ndichitha ixesha elixabisekileyo. U-True wenza isivumelwano sakhe sokuqala eYurophu eBallet Dortmund eJamani kwaye okwangoku lixesha lakhe lokuqala kwi-corps de ballet kwi-Dutch National Ballet.
UZarina Stahnke, umdanisi noDresden Semperoper, uyacacisa ukuba eJamani kungamalungelo amaJamani ukuba afikelele kwaye axhase inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa, ke isixeko ngasinye esingaphezulu kobukhulu obuthile sinendawo yemidlalo yaseburhulumenteni yaseburhulumenteni. Ukufikelela kubugcisa obenziwayo kuye kwaxutywa eMelika ngokungathi lilungelo elinjalo, iphantse yavakala ingenangqondo ukucinga ngenkcubeko kwimeko yokuba lilungelo lomntu.
E-Dresden, iStahnke inesivumelwano seenyanga ezilishumi elinambini kunye nokubhaliswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwisicwangciso somhlala-phantsi. Unonophelo lwempilo? Utyando lwesibini lokulungisa i-ACL ebenalo ngelixa wayedanisa apho lwazisa izibonelelo zeenkqubo zaseYurophu. Ngelixa kusekho ezinye izinto ezincitshisiweyo kwinkqubo yezonyango eJamani, uthi, ngexesha lotyando lakhe wayenomvuzo wokugula ngexesha lakhe lokuphumla, wakwazi ukuya kwesinye isixeko ukuze enze utyando ngengcali, eneeambulensi zabucala ubuyela eDresden, nayo yonke into ehlawulwe yinshurensi yakhe. Njengomntu waseMelika, le yingqondo ivuthuzayo, utshilo. Kwaye ukusuka kolu luvo, kukwakhona umngcipheko omkhulu kubadanisi e-U.S kunye nemeko yethu yokhathalelo lwempilo. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso-mali efanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso, abadanisi banamathuba aphezulu okuphulukana nobomi babo.
UStahnke waqala wafika eYurophu phantsi kwezizathu ezizenzekelayo ngaphandle kweNyaniso. Emva kokuthweswa isidanga kwiSikolo seAmerican Ballet eNew York kunye nokunikezelwa kweenkampani ezivela eMelika, wabona ukujoyina iDresden njengethuba lokuphila eYurophu. Wathathwa nevidiyo awayeyibonile kaSofiane Sylve noRaphaël Coumes-Marquet, umdanisi awafunda eDresden, edanisa kwiDavid Dawson Indawo eNgrey . Iqhekeza lihle kodwa liphawuleka ngoku: ngumfuziselo womsebenzi omninzi ophume eYurophu kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka edluleyo. Iicrereographer ezinje ngoDawson bahlala beyibonisa imisebenzi yabo neenkampani zaseYurophu ngokukodwa kuba zezabo banemali yokufumana iikhomishini ezintsha. Ngelixa iinkampani zaseMelika zihlala zinyanzelwa ukuba ziphindaphinde indawo yokugcina eqhelekileyo kunye namaxesha onyaka ukuze zixhomekeke ekuthengisweni kwamatikiti okungaguquguqukiyo, iinkampani ezixhaswa ngemali ngurhulumente kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba zithathe umngcipheko wobuchwephesha, othi ke oko ubangele ukuphakama kunye nokuqhubela phambili kobugcisa.
Iikhredithi eziyinyani zoku kwahlukahlukana njengokwesinye isizathu sokufudukela eYurophu. Ndinoluhlu olude lwee-choreographer endikhe ndafuna ukudanisa, kwaye uninzi lwazo luye lwenza imisebenzi yabo eYurophu. Inyaniso icaphula uWilliam Forsythe njengenkokeli yokuqala kwisizukulwana sabadwebi beengcali zokwenza iYurophu. I-repertoire yaseDresden, ngakumbi, ngelixa ibandakanya inani leeballet zakudala kakhulu, inika abadanisi ithuba lokuzama iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukufunda uluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo kundithobile kakhulu. Kuhlala kunento entsha onokuyifunda, ukuyihlola, utshilo uStahnke. Ubunewunewu obutsha butyhala abadanisi kwaye babanike ithuba nenkululeko yokujonga ubugcisa ngendlela abayithandayo.
UCaroline Beach, owaqala umsebenzi wakhe wobuchwephesha eDresden ngo-2009 kwaye ngoku usebenza njengomdanisi ozimeleyo kunye nomchwephezi, unamava ngenkxaso-mali kurhulumente kumandla angangqalanga nathe ngqo. Ndikunye nomlingani wakhe u-Ian Whalen (okwenzeka ukuba abe ngumyeni kaStahnke) ebephuhlisa iprojekthi edibeneyo ebizwa ngokuba ngu-AnnieQuinn, kwaye ngenkxaso mali yobugcisa besixeko bakwazile ukwenza imidlalo emihlanu kwiindawo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo, bamema amagcisa asebenza ngeendwendwe amabini, kunye nescreen UDonna Haraway Ukubaliswa kwamabali okusinda eMhlabeni . Ukwafumene indawo yokuhlala efumana inkxaso-mali ngeTanzpakt kunye ne-EnKnapGroup, ezakuqhubeka eLubljana inyanga yonke ka-Agasti. Oku kuyakumvumela ukuba enze uphando ngeziqalo zeprojekthi ngesandi kunye nomculi we-Intanethi uMarkus Stein. Ngamafutshane, uxakekile.
Ibhantshi ifumanise ukuba, ngaphandle kobunzima be-bureaucracy kunye nenkqubo yokufumana inkxaso-mali, konke oku lixabiso elincinci lokuhlawulela inkululeko yobugcisa ebonelelayo. Kakhulu ndiziva ngathi inkqubo yenkxaso-mali apha liphupha, utshilo. Kukho ukuvuleka, nkqu nokulindela, ukuya kulingo. Intsebenziswano kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo iyaxabiswa. Kukho amathuba okufaka isicelo kwiindawo zokuhlala ezifumana inkxaso-mali, ungene ngophando olunzulu, emva koko ukhule iziqwenga zibe yimveliso yeqonga elipheleleyo ngemodeli yokudibanisa. Ukwagxininisa ukuba le nkqubo ithatha isixa esikhulu soxinzelelo kumzobi ukwenza umsebenzi onobuhlobo kwintengiso, ukonwabisa, kunye / okanye ukufikeleleka ngendleko yomxholo wabo okanye umbandela onzima wesifundo. Kwangelo xesha, kuninzi inkxaso-mali yeeprojekthi zobugcisa boluntu, ubugcisa bokuthatha inxaxheba, okanye ubugcisa obuhambelana nophuhliso lwesixeko. Ndithathe inxaxheba kwiiprojekthi ezimbalwa ezikwaziyo ukubandakanya ukufikelela kuluntu kunye nemveliso engqongqo yobugcisa. Ukongeza kwinkxaso mali kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu, iJamani ikwabonelela ngemali encinci yamagcisa afuna ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo, ngaphandle kwenkampani esemthethweni.
Ngokubanzi, eyona nto iphambili xa ujonga umahluko phakathi kweMelika kunye neYurophu iimodeli zobugcisa inkxaso-mali kukungangqinelani kokuqonda ukuba inkcubeko iyindalo kwaye iyimfuneko kuluntu oluqhubela phambili. I-Stahnke, i-True kunye ne-Beach zifumene inkxaso njengabaculi ngokufudukela kwilizwekazi elihluke ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kude kube yilapho i-US ingafunda ukubonelela ngenkxaso efanayo, sinokuhlala siphulukana neetalente zethu kwaye ngenxa yoko sibeke emngciphekweni wokuphulukana nendawo yethu njengomsunguli wenkcubeko.
