Iindaba zeNBC ’uWillard Scott kunye noMark Davidson kwii-1980s.UFred Hermansky / NBC / NBC NewsWire Iingcali zemozulu zanamhlanje zinezixhobo ezininzi ezikhoyo kunanini na ngaphambili, kangangokuba ukuqikelela imozulu kububugcisa kunye nenzululwazi.
Kodwa ngaphambi kweesathelayithi kunye neekhompyuter, abantu babengenanto ingako yokuqhubeka xa bezama ukuqonda ukuba imozulu izakuba njani kamva ngala mini, kungasasazeki ngomso nangaphaya. Eli xesha langaphambi kwemeteorology lixesha elisinike uninzi lweentsomi abantu ababhekisa kuzo namhlanje.
Eyona ntetho yaziwa kakhulu neyaziwayo ngokubanzi isibhakabhaka esibomvu ebusuku, uyolo lomatiloshe; Isibhakabhaka esibomvu kusasa, oomatiloshe bayalumkisa. Eli binzana ubuncinci indala njengeBhayibhile , kwaye inyani kuyo. Iinkqubo zemozulu kumntla weikhweyitha ngokubanzi zihamba zisuka entshona ziye empuma, ngoko ke ukuba kukho ukuphuma kwelanga okumibalabala — okuthetha ukuba ngamafu entshona — oko kuthetha ukuba imozulu embi inokusondela emini. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amafu abamba ukutshona kwelanga njengoko esiya empuma, oko kuthetha ukuba imozulu iya kuba izolile ngomso.
Emva kwexesha, ngokuveliswa kwezixhobo zemozulu ezisisiseko, izinto zafumana isayensi kancinci. Iithemometha zale mihla zaziqhelekile ngeye-1700s, kwaye ii-barometers zaqala ukusetyenziswa kwikhulu elilandelayo. Ezi zixhobo zintsha zokujonga zenze ukuba kugcinwe irekhodi ngokuchanekileyo. UThomas Jefferson, owaziwayo ngokubhala kunye nokwakha izakhiwo, naye wayefunda ngokujonga imozulu owayesondela-yonke imihla iirekhodi lobushushu, uxinzelelo lomoya, kunye neziganeko zemozulu ezibonakalayo ekhaya eVirginia nakohambo lwakhe.
Ukutsiba okukhulu kwezobuchwephesha okulandelayo kwafika xa i-telegraph yombane kwinkulungwane ye-19 yavumela abantu ukuba basasaze ngokukhawuleza ulwazi lwemozulu kwimigama emide, ekhokelela kuphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweetshathi zemozulu. Ezi mephu zivumele abantu ukuba babone iimeko zemozulu kunye neepateni ezinkulu kumazwekazi onke, zisenza ukuba babone ngokukhawuleza indawo ezinobungozi.
Nangona ulwazi lwemozulu lwalungahambanga phambili kweli nqanaba, abantu babekwazi ukubona iipateni ezisisiseko kunye nokwenza uqikelelo olufundileyo malunga nokuza kwenzeka emva koko. Umzekelo, ukunyuka koxinzelelo lomoya kunxulunyaniswa nesimo sezulu esizolileyo, ke ukuba ibarometer ibonakalise uxinzelelo lomoya oluhamba phezulu, abantu bayazi ukuba balindele imozulu ezolileyo. Kwelinye icala, ukuwa koxinzelelo kubonisa imozulu enesaqhwithi ngaphambili.
Nje ukuba i-1900s ifike, uguquko lwezixhobo zemeteorological kunye nolwazi luqhubele phambili ngokukhawuleza. Oososayensi baqala ukubophelela izixhobo kwiibhaluni zemozulu ukusampula ubushushu, ukufuma kunye nemimoya emoyeni. Le ndlela ilula yokuhamba ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni indlela imozulu esebenza ngayo kunye nokwenza uqikelelo.
Ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, izazinzulu zafumanisa iradar yemozulu xa zisebenzisa iaradar ukukhangela inqwelo moya yeentshaba kodwa zafumana imvula. Kungekudala emva koko, kwii-1950s, iimodeli zemozulu zekhompyuter ezisisiseko zaphuma. Ngokuthe ngcembe baqhubela phambili kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka ezayo-isiphumo seDoppler, esivumela ukuba sibone imimoya phakathi kwemvula, yongezwa kwii-radars ngeminyaka yoo-1980- kwaye iimodeli zekhompyuter zala maxesha zihambele phambili kangangokuba zinokukwazi ukubona ngokuchanekileyo iipateni ukuya kwiveki okanye nangaphezulu phambili.
Iimodeli zethu zemozulu ziqhubele phambili ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba uqikelelo lweqondo lobushushu lweentsuku ezintathu namhlanje malunga nokuchaneka kosuku olunye kwiminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo. Le nkqubela phambili yakutshanje kwitekhnoloji yenza ukuba umhlaba wethu ukhuseleke ngakumbi kunokuba wawunjalo kubazali noomawokhulu bethu, kwaye inkqubela phambili yexesha elizayo izakushiya izizukulwana ezizayo zingcono kunanamhlanje.
