UWoody Guthrie.Wikimedia Creative Commons Nokuba iyahlekisa okanye iyabila igazi, iingoma zokuqhankqalaza zinendlela yokungena phantsi kolusu lwethu.
Beza ngazo zonke izitayile-ukusuka kwiingoma zomculo ezinyanisekileyo zikaJoe Hill kunye noWoody Guthrie ukuya kuBob Dylan othetha kabukhali ngokukhomba ngomnwe, kumculo woMyalezo omnandi weSly Stone kunye noGil-Scot Heron, ukuya kubaphangi be-hip hop hop ngaphezu kokubetha. Nokuba zingumxholo okanye zihlala ixesha elide kumashumi eminyaka, ezi ngoma ziyilelwe ukukhuthaza impendulo, nokuba kuyacingwa okanye ukuthatha inyathelo. Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lokudlala oluza kusebenza njenge-sonic baluster kwimozulu yangoku yezopolitiko eguqukayo ngoku egubungela kuthi sonke.
Iminyaka engamashumi amathandathu anesithandathu eyadlulayo kulo Disemba, u-Okie troubadour uWoody Guthrie waqesha indawo yokuhlala kufutshane neConey Island ephethwe nguFred C. Trump, utata kamongameli okhethiweyo wangoku. Intshatsheli engadinwayo yabangathathi ntweni nabangenamandla, iingoma zikaWoody zazimela ngenkalipho kwii-bigots nakwi-fascists ezifana.
Igama likaGuthrie lakhangela umnini-ndlu owayedume ngokobuhlanga kwiingoma ezimbini-Andinakhaya, kunye neXhego uTrump, apho wayepela iimvakalelo zakhe ngokuvakalayo nangokucacileyo: Indoda endala uTrump iyayazi ukuba ingakanani inzondo ayivusileyo imbiza yegazi yeentliziyo zabantu xa wayetsala loo mgca wombala apha kwiprojekthi yakhe yosapho eyi-1,800. Ingoma yakutshanje yengoma kaWoody ebhalwe nguRyan Harvey kunye no-Ani DiFranco noTom Morello (ekhutshwe ngoJuni, 2016) ingaba uGuthrie uyaziqhenya.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jANuVKeYezs&w=560&h=315]
Uphefumlelwe yingoma yabantu baseUkraine, uKoloda-Duda, uPete Seeger's melancholy Ziyephi Zonke Iintyatyambo (erekhodwe bobabini nguKingston Trio kunye noPeter Paul noMary) bema njengesihobe somusa, kodwa singama-stoic soxolo phambi kwezigidi ezisixhenxe zeebhombu ezaphoswa eVietnam yiMelika.
Bazokufunda nini? U-Seeger wazibuza, uBob Dylan waphendula ngokukhawuleza wathi, Impendulo mhlobo wam yi-blowin 'emoyeni.
Ipotifoliyo kaDylan yeengoma ezinamandla zokuqhankqalaza zibandakanya iThe Times They are A Changing and God on Our Side, eyabhengeza ngobunono uloyiko olwandayo olujamelene nesizukulwana sakhe-ukusuka kwiCuban Missile Crisis kunye nokoyika uyilo. Ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokuchasene nomculi we-reggae uPeter Tosh owayebiza ukuba i-shitstem yayikukusebenza kwemini kusisilumko esincinci sabantu.
Ndazi kangakanani ukuba ndiza kuthetha? Ungatsho ukuba ndimncinci, ungathi andifundanga, wakhwaza ngaphezulu kwengoma encinci. Amagama aqhuma emlonyeni kaBob njengeembumbulu. Kodwa akadingi mpu. Ingqondo yakhe yentsimbi yayisisixhobo sakhe, isixhobo sokuvula irokethi sithatha injongo efileyo kuNobhala Wezomkhosi kaKennedy, uRobert McNamara omnye wabacwangcisi abaziintloko beMfazwe yaseVietnam.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exm7FN-t3PY&w=560&h=315]
Awunakho ukuvusa uhlengahlengiso olukhulu lukaDylan ngaphandle kokusilela ukukhankanya ukugungqa (inkcazo kaDylan) uJoan Baez.
Ukuzinikela kukaJoan ngokuqatha kuxolo kwakunamandla amakhulu ngendlela emangalisayo kwanaxa wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo, wakhumbula umhlobo wakhe wakudala uBetsy Siggins-Schmidt, umseki weFolk New England Archive. Inguqulelo yakhe [kaAlfred Hayes kunye no-Earl Robinson's haunting ballad of activist / martyr] 'uJoe Hill' ilula kwaye ithe ngqo-akukho mafrimu, kakhulu njengoJoan, owayehlala ekhululekile ngokupheleleyo ngokusenza sicinge kwaye sizive. Wayesazi kakhulu malunga nehlabathi, ukungalingani kunye nentlupheko.
Ukulandela ukubulawa kuka-Epreli 4, 1968 wokubulawa kukaMartin Luther King Jr. eMemphis, kwizixeko ezingaphakathi eMelika, ukusuka eNewark ukuya eWatts kwagqabhuka amadangatye. NgoMeyi kwaqhambuka udushe lwabafundi eParis xa amashumi amabini amawaka abaqhankqalazi (umxube wezikolo eziphakamileyo kunye neekholeji zabantwana, ootitshala nabasebenzi) bamatsha kwiYunivesithi yaseSorbonne, apho badibana khona negesi yinyembezi babethwa ngeebhatoni ngaphambi kokuba baphoswe kwizisele zentolongo.
Ekupheleni kwenyanga uqhanqalazo phantse lwenza urhulumente weGeneral de Gaulle wema. UMick Jagger ubanga ukuba ukhuthazwe yimvukelo yeBhanki yasekhohlo ngelixa ebhala umntu olwa esitratweni, engxamisekileyo, esila isiginkci, ngoncedo lukaKeith Richards, othe ngesibindi ixesha lilungile kuguquko kwibhotwe.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFvtMp7hRF8&w=560&h=315]
Nokuba uphefumlelwe ngu-Yoko Ono, uJerry Rubin okanye uDavid Peel, uJohn Lennon, ekufikeni kwakhe eNew York ngo-1971, ngequbuliso waba nomdlandla. Ngokuphuma kuninzi lwee-60s iiBeatles zazisoloko zikude kwimicimbi yemfazwe, intlupheko kunye namalungelo oluntu (ikakhulu ngenxa yolawulo olungqongqo kumphathi wabo uBrian Epstein kumfanekiso wabo). Uthando, ukuqala ngentombazana / inkwenkwe eyahlukeneyo kwaye kamva, amandla endalo iphela anakho ukusindisa umhlaba (kunye nomyalezo ngamanye amaxesha ngobuqhetseba malunga nokuphakama) yayiyindawo yeFab.
Kodwa ngoku uJohn, owayekhe waxhwilwa malunga neLondon kwiRoll Royce epeyintwe ngepeyinti, wayethengise kwilifu lakhe leSilverchedelic ngelinye ikhaki kunye nenkunzi yenkomo. Iqhawe labasebenzi kunye nenkosikazi yakhe yomculi waseJapan, ngokukhawuleza babethe Amandla kuBantu, kunye nokurekhoda Ngamaxesha athile kwisiXeko saseNew York , icwecwe eliphindwe kabini eligcwele iingoma ezintathu ezilula malunga noAngela Davis, uqhushululu lwasejele lase-Attica, kunye nenkohlakalo eMantla eIreland.
Vuka, iiNiggers yayingumyalezo othusayo ovela kwiqela leHarlem's proto-rap, iiMbongi zokuGqibela ezibonakalise ngcono umoya ombi kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba okugcwele eMelika kulandela ukusweleka kweMLK. Ifakwe kwingoma yesandi kwifilimu yowe-1970 Ukusebenza .
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqlv-KiJDOU&w=560&h=315]
Ngelixa le ngoma yafumana i-zero airplay, isandi somdlalo bhanyabhanya, esasibonisa iiRolling Stones kunye neRy Cooder, yayiyeyona moto ifanelekileyo kwiiMbongi zokugqibela ukuze likhuphe igama. Ngaphezulu kwamagubu e-conga kunye nengoma ecula Vuka, vuka, umyalezo ufike ngokuvakalayo nangokucacileyo-ixesha lifikile lokuma kwaye lifune amalungelo alinganayo, njengoko uMalcolm X evakalisile, Ngayo nayiphi na indlela eyimfuneko.
Ekuqaleni umvelisi weMotown uBerry Gordy wazama konke okusemandleni ukugcina isimbo sokuphika phakathi kwamagcisa akhe de wafumanisa ukuba ukuthengwa kwerekhodi kulambele into engaphaya kweengoma ezintle, ezinomtsalane zothando kunye namanyathelo okudanisa agudileyo.
Nokuba uphefumlelwe nguDylan okanye nguSly kunye noLuhlu loSapho uvuyo lokulingana kunye nobuzalwana, Abantu bemihla ngemihla, iSupremes, ngoNovemba 1968, ngequbuliso baphosa iinwele zabo zokutshiza kunye nemvakalelo yokuncamathela yoThando lwaBantwana kwaye bajongana neengxaki abajamelana nazo ngaphakathi ezingatshatanga oomama bedolophu eLove Child.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdmGO-GvHyo&w=560&h=315]
Umjukujelwa olandelayo wezopolitiko osuka eMotown wabetha esitalatweni ngoFebruwari ’69 ngeZilingo ’ezihlekisayo ezibangelwa sisiyobisi / iphupha elibi. Cloud Nine, elandelwa ngumbulali obalaseleyo, uMarvin Gaye oqale ukubuza imibuzo enzima malunga neMfazwe yaseVietnam kunye nemeko ye-ecology kwi-albhamu yakhe eqaqambileyo ka-1971 Kwenzekantoni? Nangona beza emva kwexesha ukuza kulungisa imiba yemihla ngemihla ejongene nabantu base-Afrika baseMelika, uStevie Wonder ka-1973 mini-opera Livin ’yeSixeko, sisifoto esinamandla sobomi beghetto.
Phantsi eTrenchtown, njengoko iKingston, eJamaica, yaziwa njalo, abaWailer (uBob Marley noPeter Tosh noBunny Livingstone) bakhululwa Catch A Umlilo ngo-1972, i-hard-groovin ’ibonisa ubomi kwi Ihlathi eliphathekayo. Isiqalo sabo seminal sikwabonisa ukuba boyike Umqhubi wamakhoboka, eyayilumkisa abacinezeli bexesha elide kwesi siqithi, iithanga zase Bhritane ukuba iitafile ziyajika.
Ukulandelwa kwe-albhamu kaWailers ka-1973 Burnin ’ ibonise umhobe we-reggae Phakama, Yima, ukhuthaze abantu kwihlabathi liphela ukuba balwele amalungelo abo.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnJFhuOWgXg&w=560&h=315]
Nge-Revolution ayizukusasazwa kumabonakude, uGil Scott-Heron, imbongi yasesitalatweni / um-proto-rapa usikhumbuza, ukucaphula uDylan eBlowin 'eMoyeni ukuba asinakujika iintloko zethu kwaye senze ngathi asiboni nje. Kuqala ukurekhodwa njengelizwi elithethiweyo ngo-1970 (kwaye kamva lakhutshwa ngejazzy ifluti kunye nokubetha okumnandi) UGil-Scott usiqinisekisile, umhla uza kufika apho wonke umntu kuyakufuneka alwele into ayikholelwayo: ngekhe ukwazi ukuhlala ekhaya mzalwana, ngekhe ukwazi ukungena, vula kwaye uphume ngaphandle.
Yiyo 'Isandi samaPolisa' Ngubani! Yhoo! Eso sisandi serhamncwa, simemelela i-KRS-One (yaziwa ngumama wakhe njengoLawrence Parker). Isaphuli-mthetho sokwenyani yi-CPOP, wakhula njengoko ividiyo ka-1993 ikhanyisa imifanekiso yabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika betyhwatyhwa ngamandla okutshiza abacimi-mlilo ebajikela ngexesha lemvukelo yamalungelo oluntu eAlabama ngeminyaka yoo-1960.
Utat'omkhulu kwafuneka ajongane namapolisa, i-KRS-One ikhwaza, ifunda i-litany yohlukumezo ebuyela kutatomkhulu notatomkhulu wakhe. Iza kuyeka nini? uyacenga, njengemifanekiso yobundlongondlongo kwihlabathi liphela evuthayo emva kwakhe.
I-KRS-One, egama layo lisishunqulelo sothixo odlala ifluti ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka wamaHindu, u-Lord Krishna (ekwabhalelwe i-KRSNA), ngoncedo lwendlela yakhe yokomoya, uhlala ezama ukuthatha indlela ephezulu, ngelixa enceda abalandeli bakhe ukuba baphakame ngaphezulu kobundlobongela kunye nesiphithiphithi se-ghetto.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZrAYxWPN6c&w=560&h=315]
Kuza ixesha apho imeko zentlalo eziwohlokayo zingasazivumeli iimvumi ukuba ziqhubeke zibhala into uSteve Earle ayibiza ngokuba ziingoma zamantshontsho. Ukutshata kasixhenxe, u-Earle wazi okuthile ngeengoma zamantshontsho. Kodwa ngokukhutshwa kwe-albhamu yakhe ka-2004, Uhlaziyo luqala ngoku Kwakucacile ukuba u-Earle weva ukuba lifikile ixesha lokuba athathe indawo. Ukuqokelelwa kweengoma kwabhalwa kwaye kwarekhodwa kwimihla yeentsuku njengetelegram engxamisekileyo kubantu baseMelika ukuba bavuke babuyise okushiyekileyo kwidemokhrasi yethu eyayisiya incipha.
U-Earle uqeshe i-straight-ahead, i-grindin 'rock band (I-Dukes) ukuqhubela ekhaya umyalezo wakhe ophethe ii-fuzz-drenched guitars ezithi, zikhumbule uninzi lwee-60s ezinkulu njengeCredence Clearwater Revival kunye neVelvet Underground. I-albhamu, i-rockin ’i-potato eshushu yezopolitiko, ithathe umoya ofanayo kwingxelo yezopolitiko eyomeleleyo kaNeil Young, e-Ohio, eyabhalwa yashicilelwa bukhoma kwangolo suku lunye.
Umyalezo womyalezo oshiyekileyo ka-Earle, ngokukodwa kwi-Blues kaJohn Walker, i-ballad ehambayo malunga noJohn Walker Lindh, (ekukhululweni kwakhe e-Yerusalem ngo-2002) malunga nomntwana okwishumi elivisayo wase-Marin County owayefuna into yokukholelwa ngaphaya kobomi obunomphefumlo awayebufumene Amatye agiqekayo kunye ne-MTV, waba sisiseko samaSilamsi, esilwa eJihad, wazisa isaqhwithi sengxabano e-Earle, njengoko amaphepha-ndaba kwangoko amthiya ngomculo uMichael Moore ngombono wakhe onovelwano ngomntwana olahlekileyo oguqukileyo.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ar7K_kUPwLw&w=560&h=315]
Isizathu sokuba uMichael Moore oyike abantu abaphilayo ebantwini kukuba akanguye umntu ophakamileyo, uSteve waphikisa. Uvela kubantu abasebenzayo. Akayikhuphi ithiyori yezopolitiko kwinqanaba elingaqondakaliyo.
Ndiyakholelwa ngokupheleleyo uPete Seeger xa wayesithi zonke iingoma zezopolitiko, kuba iilulabies zezopolitiko kwiintsana, wongeza u-Earle. Siphila kumaxesha ezopolitiko, ke ezi rekhodi zimbalwa zokugqibela ndizenzileyo zezopolitiko. Kodwa xa ndifa, ukuba wenza izibalo uya kufumanisa ukuba ndibhale iingoma ezininzi malunga namantombazana kunokuba ndenza ezopolitiko.
