Phambi kwentsimbi yeshumi ebusuku. NgoJan. 25, uLarry Silverstein, oneminyaka engama-69 ubudala, umphuhlisi wezindlu oneenwele ezibomvu, wayewela isitalato i-East 57th kufutshane naseMadison Avenue xa wayehliswa yifran sedan yango-1997. Isinqe sakhe saphuka, wasiwa kwiziko lezonyango laseNew York. Njengokuba uMnu.Silverstein wayeza kuthi mayixelele intombi yakhe, le ngozi yayilixesha elibi kakhulu.Wayengomnye wababizi-maxabiso abathathu kumdyarho wokuphumelela ingqesho yeminyaka engama-99 kwiZiko lezoRhwebo leHlabathi. Umnumzana Silverstein wajongana nomhla wokugqibela kaJan 31 wokungenisa isicelo sakhe kumnini wangoku weZiko lezoRhwebo, iPort Authority yaseNew York naseNew Jersey.
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezizayo, amahlakani oshishino, abacebisi kunye neeacolyte bakrole izitulo ecaleni kwendledlana engaphandle kwegumbi lesibhedlele likaMnumzana Silverstein njengoko iinkcukacha zokugqibela zebhidi zazisenziwa. Kwiintsuku nje ezintlanu emva kokuxubha nokufa, uMnu.Silverstein wenza isibhengezo esingacacanga kwiNew York Post: Sirhalela iZiko loRhwebo leHlabathi, ibhaso lawo onke amabhaso.
Bambalwa abanike umnumzana uSilverstein ithuba elininzi lokugqiba into eyayiza kuba yeyona ntengiso inkulu kwimbali yaseNew York. Kwabokugqibela abagunyazisiweyo bePort Authority, wayehashe elimnyama, utshilo uMichael Cohen, umphathi omkhulu wearhente yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba uGVA Williams. Ubulumko obuqhelekileyo babonakala buqinisekisiwe xa iibhidi zazingatyhilwanga kwaye iVornado Realty Trust yaluphelisa ukhuphiswano ngebhidi ye- $ 3.25 yezigidigidi- $ 600 yezigidi ngaphezulu kukaMnumzana uSilverstein.
Kulapho uMnu.Silverstein wabonisa ukuba kutheni, ngokusebenzisa ii-booms kunye neebhasi, egcina igama lakhe njengelinye leengqondo zedolophu ezikrelekrele. Wazitshitshisa kwaye waqhubeka, efaka ibhidi yakhe kwi-30 yezigidi nje zeVornado. Walinda, ethe cwaka, njengoko iingxoxo phakathi kwebhodi yePort Authority kunye nosihlalo weVornado, uSteven Roth, zazisonakala. Emva koko wangena kuloo mngxunya.
Ngoku lithuba likaMnumzana Silverstein, kwaye ngeli xesha uthethathethwano luhamba kakuhle ngakumbi, ngokwabantu abalandela le nkqubo. Xa ebuzwa ukuba aphawule ngesicelo sakhe, uMnu.Silverstein wathi: Akukho nto ithelekiswa neZiko lezoRhwebo leHlabathi. Ikhethekile ngobukhulu, indawo, ukuqaqamba nokubonakala. Ibiliphupha lam. Kutshanje ngasekupheleni kuka-Matshi, abaninzi baxela kwangaphambili ukuba uMnu.Silverstein akazukukwazi ukuvala isivumelwano kwaye esi sakhiwo siza kuya kwindawo yesithathu, intsebenziswano phakathi kweProperties yase-Mortimer Zuckerman kunye neZakhiwo zezeMali zase Brookfield. Ngoku, nangona kunjalo, kukho imvumelwano ekhulayo yokuba uMnu. USilverstein uza kuwufumana umvuzo wakhe.
Kwaye kwakhona, akukho nto iye yahamba njengoko bekuxeliwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwifandesi yeTops Authority-turvy. Nangona isitayile sikaMnumzana Silverstein sihamba ngesineke kwaye sinomtsalane, abantu abathe basebenzisana naye bathi angangomntu onzima othethathethanayo njengo Mnu. Roth. Ucinga ukuba ugqibile, ukhumbule umntu osindileyo otyumkileyo kuthethathethwano naye. Awugqibanga.
U-Lewis Eisenberg, usihlalo we-Port Authority, uthe uyathandabuza ukuba isivumelwano siza kwenziwa nge-5 ka-Epreli, intlanganiso elandelayo ecwangcisiweyo yebhodi yabalawuli. Sekunjalo, wathi, yonke into ihamba kakuhle. Umnumzana u-Eisenberg unesizathu sokonwaba: Ngokwabantu abachaphazelekayo kule nkqubo, uMnu.Silverstein ebekulungele ukuhamba nemeko yoqeshiso i-Vornado eyayihlasela. IVornado, inkampani ethengisa esidlangalaleni, ifuna ukuqeshisa okufutshane ukuze ibonise ityala elincinci kwiphepha layo (ayisiyongxaki kwinkampani yabucala kaMnu. Silverstein), kunye nesiqinisekiso sokuba iVornado ibingazukubakho xa, njengoko bekulindelekile, isixeko sibanga ukuba umphuhlisi aqokelele kufutshane ne- $ 100 yezigidi ngonyaka kwirhafu yokuthengiswa kwezindlu nomhlaba.
Amahlakani kaMnu. Silverstein abonisa ukuba isihlobo sakhe sihambelana neminyaka yakhe yokuphilisana kunye neGunya leZibuko, elingumnini-mhlaba wakhe kwiZiko lezoRhwebo leHlabathi eli-7, isakhiwo seofisi asiphuhlisa ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980 kumhlaba wePort Authority. Xa i-Twin Towers yaqhushumiswa ngebhombu ngolwe-Sihlanu, Feb. 26, 1993, owayesakuba ligosa eliyintloko lezemali e-Port Authority u-Barry Weintrob ukhumbula, uMnumzana Silverstein wakhawuleza wanika indawo yasimahla kwisakhiwo sakhe kubasebenzi be-Port Authority. NgoMvulo, abasebenzi babuyele emsebenzini, utshilo.
Akunakukhathaza nokuba xa uMnu.Silverstein ehleli etafileni yeengxoxo, ubona ubuso obuqhelekileyo kwelinye icala-uBen Needell, omnye. Umnumzana Needell, igqwetha e-Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher nase Flom, ngomnye wamagqwetha axoxisana ngesivumelwano sePort Authority. Ngokwesiqhelo, ligqwetha lika Mnu. Silverstein. Into endiza kukuxelela yona yile, uLarry yindoda enkulu, utshilo uMnu.
Olunye ubukho rhoqo kuthethathethwano nguTim Ryan, isigqeba kuJP Morgan Chase, ebesoloko ecebisa iPort Authority kwintengiso. Icandelo leJP Morgan Chase likwangumnikazi weSakhiwo esidala esinokuLingana kwi120 Broadway, elawulwa nguMnu Silverstein kwaye unelungelo lokuthenga ngezigidi ezingama-200 zeedola.
Umnumzana Silverstein ukwangumhlobo weRhuluneli uGeorge Pataki, otyumba isiqingatha sebhodi yabasemagunyeni, kunye nezinye iAlbany Republican. Umnumzana Silverstein wanikela nge-15, 000 yeedola kwikomiti yomkhankaso kaRhuluneli ngo-Novemba ophelileyo, kanye njengokuba ibhidi yeZiko lezoRhwebo yayishushu. Umnumzana Silverstein wanika i $ 35,000 kwiNdlu yeeNgwevu i-GOP nakwinkokheli yesininzi uJoseph Bruno kunyaka ophelileyo.
Ihlabathi eliDibeneyo
Obo budlelwane buhambelana nezifundo kwilizwe elingaqhelekanga le-Manhattan real estate. Kodwa njengoko isivumelwano seWorld Trade Centre sivelile, sidibanise indibano emangalisayo yezomthetho, uphuhliso kunye nezobupolitika zaseNew York. Kukho uMnu. Roth, umnini-mhlaba omkhulu Manhattan UMnu Zuckerman, umnini weDaily News; UJohn Zuccotti, usekela-dolophu wajika waba ngumphuhlisi, ngoku ophethe i-Brookfield. U-Howard Milstein, i-scion ye-real estate (eyakhe yamelwa ngu Mnu. Zuccotti), ucebisa ibhodi ye-Port Authority, apho u-Eisenberg, umtyali mali wezindlu, ubeka iliso kwilungu lebhodi uPeter Kalikow, umphuhlisi kunye nomnini INew York Post ekwakukhethwe noMnumzana Pataki ukuba abe yintloko entsha ye-Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Inye okanye enye yabaphuhlisi bebhidi yokuqeshisa iZiko loRhwebo leHlabathi lisebenzisa phantse lonke igqwetha elisemthethweni lokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba edolophini. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uMnu.Silverstein ukwazile ukubaphumelela bonke.
Kwaye uqhubeka nokuqhuba. Njengoko iWall Street Journal yabika ngoMatshi 28, uMnu.Silverstein uthathe iqabane, umtyali mali wezindlu u Lloyd Goldman. Umthombo osondeleyo kuMnumzana Goldman uthi uyakuthi enze igalelo kwinxalenye enkulu yeedola ezili-150 zeerandi okanye umnumzana uSilverstein kufuneka aqokelele ukuze afumane inkxaso-mali eyi- $ 800 yezigidi zokuhlawula; I-GMAC ibolekisa iqela likaMnu. Silverstein. (Zonke ezinye i-3.22 yezigidigidi zeedola ziya kusasazwa ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-99 yentlawulo.)
Umnumzana Goldman uza kujoyina iWestfield America Inc., umphuhlisi weziko lokuthengisa elithengisa esidlangalaleni elifuna indawo yeziko elingaphantsi komhlaba, njengeqabane lika Mnu. Silverstein kwisivumelwano. Umnumzana Silverstein kuthiwa unyathela abatyali mali ngakumbi; omnye umthombo wokuthengiswa kwezindlu uthe ngekhe kumangalise, xa isivumelwano sigqityiwe ukwenziwa, ukuba uMnu.Silverstein akagcinanga mali yakhe ekuthengeni iZiko loRhwebo leHlabathi.
Ke kwakhona, akukho namnye owakha wabuza amandla okwenza isivumelwano kaMnu. Ukusukela oko iGunya leZibuko lakhupha uluhlu lwalo lokugqibela kwiZiko lezoRhwebo, wayejongwa njengomntu ongaphantsi ngenxa nje yokuba eswele imali kunye neqonga labakhuphisana naye. Imali usondele ekufumaneni. Ngoku umbuzo wabaninzi ngulo: Ukuba uphumelele ibhaso lakhe, uza kwenza ntoni ngalo?
Kukwakho nemibuzo malunga nexesha elide. Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lokuhamba kwemali oluntsonkothileyo ngephephancwadi iGridi, nabani na ophumelela iZiko lezoRhwebo unokulindela ukuba nemali encinci kancinci kangangexesha elithile, kude kufike ixesha lokuqeshisa ixesha elide. Oku kuthetha ukuba nabani na othenga obu bunzima uya kuba kuyo iminyaka ngaphambi kokubona inzuzo.
Ingozi yomngcipheko
Kodwa umnumzana uSilverstein khange abesoyikiswa kakhulu ngumngcipheko. Waqala ngoo-1950, ukuphuma nje kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York, esebenzela inkampani yabarhwebi kayise. Imali yokwenene, wakhawuleza waqonda ukuba yayinezakhiwo, hayi ukuziqesha.
Waye kwisikolo sezomthetho i-N.Y.U ebusuku, apho wenza ubuhlobo nomnye umfana owayeza kuza, uBernie Mendik. Umnumzana Silverstein wazisa umhlobo wakhe kwishishini losapho, wamazisa kudade wabo, kwaye kungekudala uMnu Mendik watshata nosapho.
Bathenga isakhiwo e-305 East 47th Street kumaqabane abaziwayo uHarry Helmsley kunye noLarry Wien. Abathunywa.USilverstein noMendik beza kumodelisha emva kukaHelmsley noWien, befunda belingisa indlela abasebenzisa ngayo amachibi abatyali mali abancinci abancinci ukuxhasa ngemali ukuthenga okukhulu.
Ishishini lalilihle, kodwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 uMnu. Mendik kunye nodadewabo kaMnu Silverstein baqhawula umtshato, noMnumzana Silverstein noMnumzana Mendik bahlukana kungekudala. Baqesha omnye umphuhlisi omncinci emva koko esenza igama lakhe, uJerry Speyer, ukunceda ukwahlula iiasethi.
Ngo-1980, uMnu.Speyer, uMnu Mendik kunye noMnumzana Silverstein benza isiseko seqela labaphuhlisi abaza kuthenga kwaye bakhe ii-ofisi ukulungiselela ixesha le-Koch. Babekhuphisana ngokuqatha, elowo ezama ukonyula omnye ngezivumelwano ezihlala zikho. Imali yayingeyiyo eyona nto, uMnu Mendik uxelele uTom Schachtman, umbhali weSkyscraper Dreams: I-Great Real Estate Dynasties yaseNew York. Yayiyindlela nje yokugcina amanqaku.
UMnu Silverstein wayefumana amanqaku amaninzi ngexesha le-1980's boom. Wayephethe izakhiwo ezili-13, ezibandakanya i-10 yezigidi zeenyawo zenyawo zeofisi yaseManhattan; wabetha ubambiswano olunemali kunye noJP Morgan; Ukonwaba kwisikhephe sakhe kwaye, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uKlara, waba ngumxhasi omkhulu wengxowa-mali yamaJuda. Kuyo yonke le nto, uMnu.Silverstein ugcine iprofayili ephezulu yoluntu, engusihlalo weBhodi yoThengiso lweZindlu yaseNew York iminyaka eliqela, enceda ukuguqula umbutho ube liqela lezonxibelelwano eliqinileyo libe liqela lezopolitiko. Kwaye wanceda ukunikezela iZiko elitsha lokuThengisa izindlu kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York. UMnu Silverstein ufundisa ikhosi apho kwisemester nganye; iintetho zakhe zihlala zimile kuphela.
I-Socratic, utshilo uKen Patton, owayesakuba ngumongameli weBhodi yeReal Estate, ophethe iziko likaLarry kunye noSihlalo weKlara Silverstein. Kwintetho eqhelekileyo, utshilo, uMnumzana Silverstein uza kunika ingqesho-nzima okanye imeko yokuncamathela- kwaye acele abafundi ukuba baphume kuyo.
Umnumzana Silverstein kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba azisebenzele aphume kwisabelo sakhe kwiidyama zobomi bokwenyani. Ngo-1981, wabhengeza ukugembula kwamabhongo okwakha iZiko loRhwebo leHlabathi eli-7, inqaba yeofisi ezizigidi ezibini ezitalatweni kwisitalato iVesey, phakathi kweWest Broadway kunye neWashington Street, ngaphandle komqeshi owaqokelelweyo ukuze aqeshe isakhiwo. Ngo-1986, kwiphepha-ntengiso eliphepha elipheleleyo elalibonisa umnumzana uSilverstein omncinci njengomdlali webhola owela kwindawo yokuphela, wachaza ukuba ngubani umqeshi. Yayiyinto enkulu, nayo –ibhanki yotyalo-mali uDrexel Burnham Lambert.
Kodwa ithamsanqa likaMnumzana Silverstein latshintsha xa uDrexel wawa phantsi komthwalo wehlazo kunye namatyala amabi. IZiko loRhwebo leHlabathi leSixhenxe lashiya phantse iipesenti ezingama-90 zingenamntu. Umnumzana Silverstein wagqibela ngokufumana enye inkampani ethengisa urhwebo, u-Salomon Brothers, ukuba aqeshise indawo, kodwa kwafuneka ahlawule imali eninzi ukuze aqinise isakhiwo kangangokuba ingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi eyabambisayo yabanjelwa imali eyongezelelweyo ukubuyisela isixa esikhulu seenzuzo zakhe. .
Ukuqhekeka kwemali kungekudala kwahlasela ezinye iindawo zokubamba kwakhe. Ivenkile yokuthengisa kwisitalato i-34 yashiywa. Uphuhliso lwendawo yokuhlala kwisitalato i-42nd kunye ne-12th Avenue zabanjwa, kwaye ubunini be-120 Broadway banikezelwa kumbolekisi wakhe, uJP Morgan. Kuba inkampani kaMnu. Silverstein ibanjwe ngasese, akukho namnye ngaphandle kwayo owaziyo ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba wenzakaliswe kangakanani. Kodwa imithombo yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba ithi uMnu.Silverstein wanyanzelwa ukuba ajike uninzi lwezakhiwo zakhe kubabolekisi bakhe, aqhubeke nokuziphatha.
Ngo-1998, nangona kunjalo, uMnu.Silverstein wayebuyile kumdlalo wokufumana. Wathenga isakhiwo seofisi kwi-140 Broadway kuLeona Helmsley. Iprojekthi yesitalato ekude-ntshona yama-42, ebisoloko idiniwe kangangeminyaka, ekugqibeleni yenziwe.
Okwangoku, uMnu.Silverstein waqala ukuqeqesha unyana, uRoger, kunye nentombi, uLisa, ukuba bathathe inkampani ngenye imini. UNks. Silverstein kutshanje ebengumxholo webali elide leNew York Times malunga neentombi zonjiniyela, apho aqala khona ukubalisa ibali lengozi yemoto kaMnu Silverstein. Ndizokuthatha uxanduva olungaphezulu kuye? Ewe, watsho.
Nangona kunjalo, abantu abambonileyo bathi uMnu.Silverstein usahlola kwaye uchacha kakuhle kwingozi yakhe. U-Larry oneminyaka engama-69 ubudala, utshilo uJames Kuhn, isigqeba sokurhweba ngokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba eNewmark nakwiNkampani.
Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, uMnu.Silverstein wabukela njengoko u-Speyer ethenga i-Rockefeller Centre kunye ne-Chrysler Building, nanjengoko u-Mendik ethengisa inkampani yakhe nge-656 yezigidi zeedola ukuya ku-Steve Roth.
Ngoku lithuba lakhe. Ukuba uLarry uyayifumana, indoda enye eyaziyo bobabini uMnu.Silverstein noMnu Mendik bathe ngesivumelwano seWorld Trade Center, uBernie akazokwazi ukujonga esipilini.
