Umbono ovela phezulu kwizitepsi ezizihambelayo kwisakhiwo seBankers Trust ubonakalisa inkunkuma yeWorld Trade Center ngoSeptemba 25, 2001 eNew York.(Ifoto: Eric Feferberg / AFP / Getty Izithombe) Phantse iminyaka eli-15, okoko i-jihadists yehlise i-Twin Towers yaza yabulala ama-3,000 aseMelika, uninzi luye lwazibuza ukuba ingaba iqela labanqolobi abatsha-uninzi lwabo alunakubhabha njani inqwelomoya, ngakumbi i-jetliner enkulu-ingasuka njani uhlaselo oluphicothayo. Yintoni u-al-Qa'ida abayibiza ngokuba yi-'Place Operation 'yabo yayicwangciswe ngocoselelo ngaphambi kokubulawa-kodwa ngubani, ngokuchanekileyo?
Lo mbuzo uphambili uhlala uvulekile, kwaye uluntu lwaseMelika aluzange lufumane inkcazo epheleleyo kurhulumente wethu ukuba bafanelekile. Ndiyayazi into abangavunyelwanga ukuyibona: Xa i-9/11 yenzekile bendiligosa lobukrelekrele kunye ne-Arhente yoKhuseleko kaZwelonke kwaye inxenye yombono wam yayijonge kunxibelelwano lukarhulumente nobunqolobi bamanye amazwe. Ndingomnye wamagosa ambalwa kuLuntu lwethu loBuntlola ndijonge nzulu kunxibelelwano lwe-al-Qa'ida kubukrelekrele bamanye amazwe ngaphambili iiTwin Towers zawa.
Kwiinyanga emva kohlaselo, kwavela umfanekiso okrelekrele wobukrelekrele obanceda ngokufihlakeleyo u-al-Qa'ida kumlo wokuya ku-9/11-iinxalenye ezinkulu ezazigcinwe zikwahlulwa kakhulu. Kutheni bahlala behlelwa kusengumbuzo olungileyo ofuna ukubuzwa. Ngelishwa, iKhomishini ye-9/11, eyasekwa ukuze ifikelele ezantsi kule ntlekele yesizwe, yaphepha imibuzo ethile ebalulekileyo-nangona kwakulungile kumalungu ayo iKhomishini yayingavumelekanga ukuba ibone ubungqina obubalulekileyo.
Ngokufuna inkcazo epheleleyo, iithiyori zelenqe ziye zanda malunga ne-9/11, zithembisa ibali eliyinyani. Uninzi lwale nto inobungozi obunobuthi, kunye ne-Intanethi engaqhelekanga efundiswa zizidenge kunye nabantu abakhohlisayo malunga nendlela iTwin Towers eyatshatyalaliswa ngayo ngabantu abangekho e-al-Qaida: AmaJuda, iPentagon, i-Illuminati, okanye abaphambukeli bendawo, kuxhomekeke kubhabho oluthandayo Zintle. Ukuhlekisa okunjalo ngelishwa kuyayifihla inyani yokuba kushiyeke kukho imibuzo ebalulekileyo engaphendulwanga malunga neNkqubo yokuSebenza.
Manditsho ukuba umsebenzi owenziwe yiKhomishini ye-9/11 ubuchanekile kodwa ungaphelelanga. Olu hlaselo ibingumsebenzi we-al-Qa'ida kunye nohlaselo lwasemoyeni kwi-Twin Towers kunye ne-Pentagon eyenzeka njengoko u-U.S. I-backstory abayishiyileyo, nangona kunjalo, ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ifuna ukubhengezwa esidlangalaleni.
Umcimbi okhathazayo ubuyile ezindabeni kwakhona enkosi kwi-CBS, kabani Imizuzu engama-60 Inkqubo ixelwe kulawo abizwa ngokuba ngamaPhepha angama-28, isabelo sengxelo esemthethweni ngomhla we-9/11 esabanjwayo eluntwini ukusukela ngo-2003, ngokobongameli ababini. Uninzi lwamagosa angaphambili, kubandakanya namalungu eCongress, kudala afuna ukuba iWashington ikhuphe ama-28 Amaphepha, kodwa oko kwaba lilize. Abongameli u-Bush kunye no-Obama baye bancama ngenxa yokuba la maphepha abonisa izinto ezingathandekiyo malunga ne-Saudi Arabia, umanyano lwethu oludala.
Ukusukela ukuba urhulumente wase-U.S. Angawenzi umsebenzi wawo, umsebenzi wokutyhila amakhonkco e-Iran ukuya kwi-9/11 uwele kubemi babucala.
Njengoko amaPhepha angama-28 esenza kucace, amagosa aseSaudi ayenonxibelelwano nabanye babaqweqwedisi be-9/11 abanokubizwa ngokuba banqabile. Kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi wobuchwephesha obuchasene nobukrelekrele, olu nxibelelwano -dibene nenyani yokuba i-15 yabaphangi ayi-19 yayingabemi base-Saudi-iphakamisa iiflegi ezibomvu ezinkulu, ngakumbi kuba bekukho unxibelelwano olubonakalayo phakathi kwabanye babaqweqwedisi kunye nabameli bezobuntlola base-Saudi e-United States.
Ngokubi nje, uRhulumente wase-US, kwaneendlela ezihlelwe kakhulu, ubonakalise ukungabikho komdla ekuqhubeni unxibelelwano olunokwenzeka lwaseSaudi kwiNkqubo yokuSebenza. Akukho mntu wayefuna ngokwenene ukwazi ukuba inokuba yintoni indima kaRiyadh. Ukwamkela ukuba umhlobo osondeleyo wayenokuba nohlobo oluthile lwesandla kwi-9/11 yayinokubonakala ngathi iyinto embi kakhulu ukuba iGeorge W. Bush White House icinge ngayo.
Okubi nangakumbi kukuba, ulawulo lwe-Bush lwenze ukuba abantu abaninzi base-Saudi Arabia-kubandakanya abanye abanxunguphalo lokudibana nabaqweqwedisi-babaleke i-United States emva kwe-9/11, kuthintela naluphi na uphando lokwenyani olungenzeki. Ngelixa kugqityiwe ukubonisa oku njengelenqe elikhulu, njengoko abanye bafuna ukwenza , Abantu baseMelika kufuneka babe nemibuzo malunga nento eyenzekayo apha. Ubuncinci, i-FBI Kubonakala ngathi ngamatye iinzame zokujonga ukuba abanye babo baseSaudi babephi kwiinyanga ezingaphambi kohlaselo.
Nangona kunjalo akukho mntu unokulindela ukuba iWashington, DC, ivele ngokucacileyo ngalo naliphi na ixesha kungekudala. Phantse iminyaka eli-15 kamva, evuma ukuba oorhulumente ababini bagcine iinyani ezibalulekileyo malunga ne-9/11 eluntwini kungadala ukoyikeka kwezopolitiko. Akuncinci kuba ukwala kuka-bipartisan ukwamkela inyani epheleleyo yohlaselo olukhulu lwabanqolobi into yesiko kwikomkhulu lesizwe sethu. Ukongeza, uRiyadh unayo uphendule kakubi kumagqabantshintshi oluntu kutshanje kumaPhepha angama-28, egrogrisa ngentlungu yezoqoqosho ukuba amaMelika aqala ukubuza imibuzo engqalileyo malunga nayiphi na i-engile yase-Saudi kwiNkqubo yokuSebenza. Ukuba banento abayifihlayo kuyacaca kabuhlungu.
Eyona nto ifihlakeleyo eSaudi Arabia, nangona kunjalo, isenokungabi mnandi kunokuba urhanelwe. Kuyacaca ukuba amagosa aseSaudi, bobabini abaphuma kurhulumente wabo nakwizimanyano zoncedo zamaSilamsi ezinxulumene ne-jihad, banikezela ngoncedo lwezinto ezithile kubahlaseli be-9/11. Le yayiyitemplate efanayo neRiyadh eyayiqeshe amashumi eminyaka-iphosa imali kwiiradicals kunye nabanqolobi ngethemba lokuba baya kubangela ingxaki ngaphandle koBukumkani kunokuba bangene ngaphakathi-de kube liSebe lePlani libonakalise ukuba iyityhefu kangakanani le ngxoxo yaseSaudi.
Akukho bungqina bokuba uncedo lwaseSaudi kwi-9/11 lwalungaphezulu kobuchule. Ngokusekwe kwinto yesiqhelo indlela yokusebenza kunye nee-jihadists, kubonakala ngathi akunakulindeleka ukuba i-Riyadh, nganye nganye, ibenento yokwenza nokuSebenza kweePlani. Inkxaso yamanqanaba asezantsi kwii-radicals ibingumgaqo-nkqubo wase-Saudi Arabia ixesha elide kangangokuba banokwenza apha ngaphandle kokucinga ngeziphumo. Asinakuze sifike emazantsi kanye ngala magosa aseSaudi ayesenza kwiinyanga eziphambi kokuwa kweTwin Towers.
Konke oku kujongeka njengokufana Umqolo ongasemva obumdaka ukuya kuJuni 28, 1914 ukubulawa kukaSarajevo okwabangela iMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala. Siyazi ukuba ubukrelekrele baseSerbia babungenxa yolu hlaselo-yayilugrogrisi oxhaswa ngurhulumente-njengoko sisazi ukuba ubukrelekrele baseRussia babuxhasa ngemali iyelenqe lokubulala. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane kamva asazi nokuba urhulumente wase-Russia uyamkele ngokusesikweni na loo nto — iirekhodi, ukuba zikhona, zatshatyalaliswa kudala-kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kunokwenzeka ukuba iintlola zase-Tsarist ezinomdla zazisebenza ngaphandle komthetho osemthethweni .
Ngapha koko, ukugxila kuphela kwinkxaso yeqhinga laseSaudi kwiNkqubo yokuSebenza kwe-Planes kufihla umbuzo omkhulu wenkxaso ye-9/11. Ngamanye amagama, ngaba bakho oorhulumente abanceda ngasese i-al-Qa'ida ngeendlela ezibaluleke ngakumbi kuneRiyadh? Ngelishwa lo mbuzo wawusoloko uthathelwa ingqalelo nangakumbi kwimida ngaphakathi kweBeltway kunokuthetha ngokubandakanyeka kweSaudi kwi-9 / 11- kwaye usaqhuma nanamhlanje.
I-Iran ibinalo uhlobo lwesandla kwi-Operation yeziCwangciso kudala ikrokrelwa ngabantu abaninzi ngaphakathi. Ngokuchasene noko iingcali zobunqolobi usenokuthi, uTehran wayehlala ekulungele ukunceda abagqithisi beSunni abanjengo-al-Qa'ida, ngelixa u-Osama bin Laden kunye ne-ilk yakhe babezimisele ngokufanayo ukwamkela uncedo olufihlakeleyo oluvela kumaShia abawudelelayo. Ubukrelekrele baseIran bonwabele ubudlelwane obufihlakeleyo kunye ne-al-Qa'ida ebuyela emva kwii-1990s zakuqala, kwaye ubukrelekrele base-US bezazile iintlanganiso phakathi kobunkokheli babo kunye neentlola eziphezulu zaseTehran ukusukela ngo-1996.
Njengoko ndatyhila kwincwadi yam ka-2007 Uloyiko olungcwele , yayilemfihlelo eyityhefu eyityhefu yemali yaseSaudi kunye nokwazi iIran okwenza ukuba i-al-Qa'ida kwiminyaka ye-1990 iguquke ukusuka kwiqela labanqolobi bengingqi ibe yintshukumo kunye nesoyikiso sehlabathi. Indlela yokwenyani eya ku-9/11 yayigangathiwe ngabanini-mali bakaRiyadh kunye neentlola zikaTehran, abathi ngaphandle kokuchasana kwabo bobabini babezimisele ukunceda uBin Laden kunye nentshukumo yakhe kwi-jihad yabo ngokuchasene neNtshona.
Ngaphandle kwezi nyaniso, Ikhomishini ye-9/11 ubonakalise umdla omncinci kumaqhina eIran kwiNkqubo yokuSebenza. Ngelixa bevuma ukuba uninzi lwabaphangi badlulise i-Iran, kwaye u-Khalid Sheikh Muhammad, u-KSM owayedume kakubi, usomashishini we-jihadist oweza ne-Planes Operation, wayeyigqibile usapho lwakhe e-Iran iminyaka, ayizange iqhubeke. Kutheni iTehran ingafuna ukunceda ii-radicals zeSunni ishiywe ingafakwanga. Ngokukodwa, iKhomishini ye-9/11 ibethe imigca ecacileyo yophando ukuba olo lwazi luvuleleke nakubani na onamehlo afuna ukubona, ngokuqapheleyo ukuba umba wendima ye-Iran ufuna ukuqhubeka kophando nguRhulumente wase-US.
Olo longezo aluzange lufike. Ukulunga kwiKhomishini ye-9/11, bebengavunyelwe ukuba babone ulwazi olubalulekileyo olunokuthi lutshintshe iingqondo zabo. Ngokukodwa, ababonanga ukuba i-NSA isayina ubukrelekrele obakhanyisa ngokubonakalayo kwindima yase-Iran efihlakeleyo exhasa i-al-Qa'ida ngokubanzi kunye nokuSebenza kwePlani ngokukodwa. UKUTYENZISWA okuvela kwi-NSA kwenza isabelo sengonyama sobukrelekrele kurhulumente wethu, kwaye inyani yokuba iKhomishini ye-9/11 khange iboniswe ugcino olupheleleyo lweengxelo ze-NSA, uninzi lwazo zihlelwe kakhulu, kwesi sihloko besisiphanda kubonakala kungenakuqondakala.
Ukusukela ukuba urhulumente wase-US angawenzanga umsebenzi wakhe, umsebenzi wokutyhila amakhonkco e-Iran ukuya kwi-9/11 uwele kubemi babucala abafake isimangalo nxamnye neTehran, ngempumelelo ethile. Okona kuncinci, banako ubungqina obunomdla ukuba indima eyimfihlo ye-Iran ibalulekile kwaye yinto efuna uviwo olunzulu. Kutshanje ijaji yase-Federal ivumile, uku-odola Tehran ukuhlawula ngaphezulu kwe- $ 10.5 yezigidigidi kumonakalo kwiintsapho zamaxhoba e-9/11 ngesiseko sendima ye-Iran kwelo yelenqe lolwaphulo-mthetho.
Phantse kwiminyaka emithandathu eyadlulayo, mna uyacenga Urhulumente wethu wokugqibela uza kujongana nemiba engagungqiyo yonxibelelwano lwangaphandle ukuya kwi-9/11, ngakumbi ukukhulula nabuphi na ubukrelekrele obuza nalo mbuzo ubalulekileyo, kungaphumeleli. Imibuzo efanayo ishiyekile: Ngabaphi oorhulumente bamanye amazwe abanefuthe lokusebenza kwi-9/11? Yayiyintoni indima yeSaudi Arabia? Bangaphi abagqithisi abachitha ixesha e-Iran kwaye bebesenza ntoni apho? Ngaba akho amagosa e-al-Qa'ida abandakanyekayo kwiNkqubo yokuSebenza, ngakumbi i-KSM, kuvavanywe iiarhente zaseIran? Uthini nge Imad Mughniyeh , I-arch-terrorist yase-Iran, ngubani ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ngo-2008 kukholelwa ukuba wayenandipha ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nabathile be-Sunni jihadists? Ngaba uMughniyeh wayenento yokwenza ne-9/11?
Ukuphendula le mibuzo kuya kuthi ekugqibeleni kuzise eyona mvelaphi ilungileyo ye-9/11. Ngazo zonke iindlela urhulumente wethu kufuneka ewakhuphele amaphepha angama-28, uluntu alufunanga ngaphantsi. Nangona kunjalo akukho sizathu sokwazisa ngendima yaseSaudi Arabia ekubulaweni kwabantu abaphantse babe ngama-3 000 baseMelika ngelixa bengayinanzi eyona nto ibalulekileyo, kwaye inokuba inkulu kakhulu indima ye-Iran ngasemva kwe-9/11. Lixesha lokuba inyani ityhileke. Amaxhoba kunye noluntu lwaseMelika alufanelanga nto ngaphantsi kwebali elipheleleyo likaSeptemba 11, 2001.
