UWilliam Gaddis wafota ngo-1994.UDavid Corio / uMichael Ochs Archive / Getty Izithombe Ngasezantsi Ukwamkelwa , inoveli enkulu yokuqala kaWilliam Gaddis eyapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1955, ibali libaliswa ngomzobo wobuxoki ngumculi wase-Italiya wobuNtshatsheli. Xa ikhutshiwe, yaveza umzobo obonwa ungenamsebenzi ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungaphinda usebenzise i-canvas yayo. Kodwa xa umzobo ongenaxabiso wawususwe, into efunyenwe ngaphantsi yayingumsebenzi osemthethweni, olahlekileyo waseTitian.
Kwincwadi egcwele ukujika okungamanga kunye nenkohliso encinci, efuna ukuba umfundi aqhubeke nokukrwela kumphezulu wayo, eli bali lingentla linokusebenza njengesafobe. Ukwamkelwa , ethi uHlaziyo lweeNcwadi eNew York olupapashe uhlelo olutsha lwangoNovemba 24, luchaphazelekayo ngemibuzo yokunyaniseka, ukuba kuthetha ntoni na into eyinyani okanye engeyiyo. Ngelixa kujongwa kakubi kupapasho lwayo lokuqala kwaye ngokungakhathalelwanga kumashumi eminyaka alandelayo, ikwafumene abaphulaphuli abazimiseleyo nabazinikeleyo kubandakanya UDon DeLillo , UJonathan Franzen, uRick Moody, kunye noCynthia Ozick. Ngomnyaka we-1962, indoda egama linguJack Green, mhlawumbi i-psyundeum, yanikezela imiba emithathu yemagazini yokuzipapasha yokuzikhusela le ncwadi ngokuchasene nabagxeki bayo, ababebaninzi.
Ngengqiqo enye, kulula ukubona ukuba kutheni. Ukwamkelwa yincwadi ehlala ityibilika kumfundi, efuna inqanaba lokuqwalaselwa kunye nokuzibophelela kunqabile kwinoveli kule mihla. Incwadi, exinene neembekiselo zonqulo, iintsomi kunye nobugcisa, inabantu abaninzi abalinganiswa abasasaza ubunyani phakathi kwenyani nobuxoki: igcisa elaphulukana nawo wonke umsebenzi walo kwimililo yepeyinti yemisebenzi yobugcisa ethengiswa njengeyona nto iyinyani; umbhali otyholwa ngokukopa ufumana isipho semali yomgunyathi acinga ukuba iyinyani kwindoda acinga ukuba ngutata wakhe kanti akunjalo; Utata wakhe wokwenyani, xa esiya kudibana nonyana wakhe, uyalibala ukuthatha amayeza akhe, kwaye ebonakala ngathi uyadakumba kwaye sele eza kudlula, uthathwa njengonxila; Indoda ejongeka njengoErnest Hemingway uzula-zula ejikeleza imvelaphi yeziganeko, engakulangazeleli ukuveza eyona nto ayiyo. Kodwa ungubani kanye kanye?
Kubameli, incwadi igcina intlawulo yayo yokuqala. Ndiphinde ndayifunda ehlotyeni elidlulileyo okokuqala kwiminyaka engama-35, kwaye ayilahlekanga nasinye isibheno sayo, utsho uSteven Moore, umbhali kunye nomgxeki oligunya eliphambili emsebenzini kaGaddis. Waqala ukuyifunda le ncwadi ngo-Okthobha u-1975, emva kokufunda uphononongo kwi Ixesha Imagazini yenoveli yesibini kaGaddis, JR . Kwakunjengokuphinda ndibuyele umyuziyam omkhulu endandingazange ndiye kumashumi eminyaka, utshilo ngamava okufunda kutshanje. UGaddis wayengumfana oselula owayenomsindo xa wayebhala inoveli, kwaye leya isiba mandundu ngeli xesha.
Umbhali wenoveli uTom McCarthy, ofunde le ncwadi okokuqala xa ebuzwa ukuba abhale intshayelelo yolu hlelo lutsha, uthi kwangoko yabonakala iyincwadi yanamhlanje, enye eyayithetha kwiminyaka yethu yesoftware yokwazisa ipateni, iikhowudi zeQR kunye ubuqhetseba kwiofisi ephezulu kwihlabathi liphela. 
Ukwamkelwa nguWilliam Gaddis, opapashwa ngokutsha yiNew York Review of Books.Uphengululo lweeNcwadi eNew York
Ngaphandle kokuziphatha kwayo, Ukwamkelwa ihlala kwintelekelelo yoncwadi njengencwadi ekunzima ukuyifunda, ikakhulu ngenxa yobude bayo (iiwotshi ezintsha zohlelo kumaphepha angama-945). Nangona inkcazo epheleleyo kaMoore yeereferensi zokuluka kunye namabali, aqala ukupapashwa kwi-1982 kwaye ngoku ifumaneka ngokupheleleyo kwi-intanethi, ayenza ifikeleleke ngakumbi kunangaphambili, ihlala iyinto yehlelo. Uva ngayo ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kwezinye iincwadi ezinkulu, ezinzima ezafika kamva, imithombo yolwazi yokulandelwa kwangoku.
Kodwa bayayithanda Ukwamkelwa bathi ukugxila kubunzima bencwadi kuyasilela. Ndicinga ukuba kufanele ukuba ndithi 'Abantu bacinga ukuba kunzima, kodwa akunjalo.' Kodwa intliziyo yam ayiyi kuba semva kwala mazwi, utsho uMcCarthy. ‘Kunzima’ ngengqondo yokuba kufuna umzamo omncinci, omnye umsebenzi kwinxalenye yomfundi. Kwaye kutheni? Awuva bantu bekhalazela ukuba ithiyori ye-physics ithi 'ayifundeki' ngokwaneleyo.
Ukujolisa kwi-heft yencwadi kunye nobunzima bayo ekucingelwa ukuba kuyacima ezinye zeencwadana ezininzi. Kwelinye icala inoveli enzulu, enengqondo enemithwalo yedrama emnyama, kodwa iyahlekisa kwaye inobukrelekrele, ekhanyisa ubunzima becala elinobuzaza, utshilo uMoren. UGaddis wayeyithatha njengenoveli yamahlaya kwaye wayebaphoxile abahlaziyi kwaye abafundi abayixabisanga loo nto.
Ngaba Ukwamkelwa isoloko iyincwadi yamabali enkolo? Umzobi UTim Youd ucinga ukuba likhona ixesha lokufunda incwadi kwakhona ngoku. Wafunda isiqingatha sokuqala se- Ukwamkelwa Kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo, utsho, ngaphambi kokuba ayibeke ecaleni. Ubuyele kuyo kwakhona ngeprojekthi yakhe yeenoveli ezili-100, apho abhala khona iincwadi, azigqume, ixesha elingaphezulu kwexesha, ehlala enoluhlobo olunye lochwethezo olusetyenziswa ngumbhali. Ubandakanye iinoveli ezinkulu, zasemva kwexesha kwiprojekthi yakhe, kubandakanya iphepha lika-William H. Gass elinamakhulu amathandathu Itonela . Xa esiva Ukwamkelwa yayikhutshwa kwakhona, wagqiba ekubeni ayokujongana nayo kunye nenoveli yesibini kaGaddis JR njengeprojekthi yakhe elandelayo.
UGaddis uvuza umfundi osondeleyo, u-Youd uthi ngamava ukuza kuthi ga ngoku (okwangoku usondele esiphelweni sokuchwetheza JR kwaye iya kuqala Ukwamkelwa phambi kweKrisimesi). Ngokubhekisele kwinto uGaddis ayenzela umfundi ngaphandle kwamava okwenyani okufunda, ndicinga ukuba usicela ukuba sinike ingqwalaselo. Kwaye ukuba sihlawula ingqalelo, siya kubona ukubonakala ngakumbi kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ukujonga kufutshane ngumvuzo wayo.
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba emva kweminyaka engama-65, ihlabathi ekugqibeleni liye labambelela kumbono kaGaddis kwi Ukwamkelwa . Kakfa ’ Ukuguqulwa kwemizimba ithengise iikopi ezilishumi elinanye kushicilelo lwayo lokuqala, kuzo ezilishumi zathengwa nguKafka- kwaye jonga ngoku, utshilo uMcCarthy. Izinto zifumana inqanaba labo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
