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Uqikelelo luxhaphake malunga nokuba iRhuluneli yaseNew Jersey uChris Christie uyakonyulwa na njengesithethi esiphambili kwiNdibano yesiZwe yeRiphabhlikhi eTampa, eFlorida ngo-Agasti 27-30. Ngokombono wam, ayinamsebenzi nokuba irhuluneli ityunjwe njengesithethi esiphambili kwisithuba ngasinye. Ngokuqinisekileyo uya kukhethwa ukuba enze intetho ngexesha eliphambili kwindibano, apho aya kuba nethuba lokubonisa iitalente zakhe ezibonakalayo kubaphulaphuli belizwe.
Uninzi lwabantu abaza kuba zizithethi zendibano baya kuqwalasela iintetho zengqungquthela zangaphambili ukuze bafumane into ephumeleleyo ekunxibelelaneni nabathunywa kunye nabaphulaphuli bakamabonwakude belizwe. Ukucacisa ongasekhoyo, umbhali wezemidlalo waseNew York, uJimmy Cannon, akukho mntu wandibuza, kodwa ndinikezela kwiRhuluneli uChristie uluhlu lwam olulandelayo lweyona ntetho ibalaseleyo neyona imbi kakhulu:
Eyona Ndibano yeNdibano: URonald Reagan, iNdibano yeRiphabhlikhi, kwisiXeko saseKansas, ngo-1976: Olu khetho kulula. U-Reagan umcelile umongameli owayesemandleni, u-Gerald Ford, kwaye ukhuphiswano lwalusentanyeni nasentanyeni kwinyanga enye ezayo. UReagan emva koko wenza impazamo yokubhengeza ukuba uSenator wasePennsylvania uRichard Schweicker uza kuba liqabane lakhe. Oku kukhokelele ekubeni nguSihlalo we-GOP waseMississippi uClark Reed ephosa inkxaso yakhe kwiFord, enika umongameli osele ephumelele uloyiso lokuqala. Intetho kaReagan yanikwa kanye phambi kwentetho yokwamkelwa kukaFord. Owayesakuba yirhuluneli yaseCalifornia wayephulukene nendibano yowe-1976, kodwa intetho yakhe, eyanikwa ngaphandle kwesaziso, yamenza wathandwa ngabathunywa kwiholo nakubabukeli bakamabonwakude kwilizwe lonke. Intetho yakhe, ewe, yayiyisiqalo sokuhamba kwakhe ixesha elide ukuya kunyulo njengo-Mongameli ngo-1980.
Eyona Ntetho iphambili: UMario Cuomo, iNdibano yeDemokhrasi, eSan Francisco, ngo-1984: NdingumReaganite, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ngokuqinisekileyo ndihlala ndingavumelani ngokupheleleyo nale ntetho. Nangona kunjalo andinakukhanyela ukuba le ntetho iphambili ibikukundwendwela amandla. Irhuluneli yangaphambili yaseNew York yalugxeka kabukhali ulawulo lweReagan ngaphandle kokubonisa ukungabi nantlonelo kulowo wayesakuba ngumongameli. Ukwadlulisa imeko yokuzibophelela, kudityaniswa nenqanaba lokuqala lobukrelekrele.
Ngaminazana ithile, uChris Christie angangumtyunjwa weRiphabhlikhi kumongameli, ophikisana nomtyunjwa weDemokhrasi kunye neRhuluneli yaseNew York u-Andrew Cuomo. Xa wayenikela intetho yakhe yendibano ka-2012, nokuba ingumbandela ophambili okanye ngenye indlela, uChristie uya kucetyiswa ukuba alingise idilesi yendibano ka-1984 kayise ka-Andrew, u-Mario Cuomo, indoda enerhuluneli yangoku ye-New Jersey enezinto ezithile ezifanayo, ezithi, uthando kunye Uluvo olomeleleyo lwamaxabiso osapho.
Eyona Ntetho yeNdibano kwiNdima engathandekiyo: UTom Kean, iNdibano yeRiphabhlikhi, iNew Orleans, ngo-1988 Inkqubo kaGeorge HW Iphulo lika-Bush likhethe iRhuluneli yaseNew Jersey eyayithandwa kakhulu ukuba inike intetho ephambili, ngethemba lokuba izakuhambisa umqobo ophakamisa umtyunjwa weDemokhrasi, iRhuluneli yaseMassachusetts uMichael Dukakis. Njengoko u-Kean biographer u-Al Felzenberg kunye no-Kean unobhala we-Carl Carl baye badibana nam, uKean akazange akhululeke kwimodi yokuhlaselwa. Kwaye akabambanga nxamnye noMichael Dukakis, irhuluneli. Ngokufanelekileyo, uKean uphathe isabelo sakhe ngendlela efanelekileyo, egxeka isikhundla se-Dukakis kwiirhafu kwithoni engeyiyo ye-hominem. UTom Kean ngumsebenzi weklasi apho iNew Jersey inokuhlala inebhongo.
Eyona Ntetho yeNdibano Imbi: Intetho kaBill Clinton etyumba uMichael Dukakis, iNdibano yeDemokhrasi, eAtlanta, 1988 Le ntetho inde, exineneyo ifanelekile njengonyango lwesizwe lokungalali. Ekujongeni emva, kuyamangalisa ukuba kwiminyaka emine kamva, uClinton wonyulwa njengo-Mongameli.
Uninzi lweNtetho yeNgqungquthela yeNtetho: Intetho yokwamkelwa kuka-Sekela Mongameli ka-Al Gore, iNdibano yeDemokhrasi, eChicago, ngo-1996 Udadewabo ka-Al Gore, uNancy Gore Hunger, usweleke kabuhlungu ngumhlaza wemiphunga ngenxa yokutshaya ngo-1984. Ukanti kwiminyaka emine emva kokusweleka kwakhe, uGore waziqhayisa ngo-1988 wase-North Carolina wentando yesininzi yobongameli bakhe ngamava akhe kwicandelo lokutshaya kunye nokuphilisa oovimba bendalo yakhe yaseTennessee. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ngo-1990, wayesamkela inkxaso yemikhankaso evela kwimidla yecuba. Ukanti ekwamkeleni unyulo luka-Mongameli olonyulwa ngo-1996, uGore wayenenyongo yokuthetha oku kulandelayo:
Ndiye ndaguqa ebhedini yakhe ndambamba ngesandla. Kwaye ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, ukuphefumla kwakhe kwaba nzima kwaye emva koko waphefumla umphefumlo wakhe wokugqibela. Kungenxa yoko le nto ndide ndiphefumle okokugqibela, ndiza kugalela intliziyo yam kunye nomphefumlo wam kwisizathu sokukhusela abantwana bethu kwiingozi zokutshaya.
Ipolitiki ayisiyondawo yomntu yokuzama ukuhanahanisa. Kuyo yonke iminyaka yam yokubandakanyeka kwezopolitiko, nangona kunjalo, andizange ndibone uhanahaniso olucaphukisa ngakumbi kunentetho yokwamkelwa kukamongameli ka-Al Gore ka-1996.
UWilliam Jennings uBryan wokuXelisa uMvuzo: UFrank Clement, iRhuluneli yaseTennessee, iNdibano yeDemokhrasi, eChicago, ngo-1956 Le yayiyindibano yokuqala endayibukela kumabonwakude. Ndandineminyaka emithandathu ubudala, ndingumfundi wokuqala ukufunda ukuthanda iincwadi zebaseball kunye noomongameli. Abazali bam bacinga ukuba ingangamava amnandi ukubukela iDemocratic National Convention kumabonwakude. Ngokufanelekileyo, bandihlisa ezantsi ukuze ndibukele emva koko iRhuluneli uClement inika intetho ephambili. Ndisakhumbula amazwi akhe aphindaphindwayo athi, Kude kube nini, O, koda kube nini, iklasi yokuqala ixelisa isitayile sikaWilliam Jennings Bryan.
Eyona Ntetho igqwesileyo ngenxa yesizathu esilahlekileyo: Isenator yaseMinnesota u-Eugene McCarthy, iNdibano yeDemokhrasi, eLos Angeles, ngo-1960 UJack Kennedy weza kwindibano kunye nomthunywa omkhulu okhokelayo .. Okwangoku, bekukho inkululeko yenkululeko, kubandakanya namanye amalungu aphezulu eDemocratic liberal institution, anjengo-Eleanor Roosevelt, owayephupha ngokutyunjwa ngu-Adlai Stevenson ukuba ingqungquthela ibingavumelekanga. UGene McCarthy unike intetho yokutyumba u-Adlai apho athe gqolo wasebenzisa ibinzana, Musa ukuyala le ndoda… Umboniso ovuthayo walandela intetho - ngezo ntsuku, abagqatswa babevunyelwe ukuzisa abantu bangaphandle ukuba babonise kumgangatho wendibano. Konke oku bekungento-i-JFK yonyulwa kwivoti yokuqala.
Intetho yomkhosi owonwabileyo: INtetho yokwamkela uSekela Mongameli kaHubert Humphrey, kwiNgqungquthela yeDemokhrasi, kwisiXeko iAtlantic, ngo-1964 Ndingumntu olondolozayo, kwaye uHubert Humphrey wayeyinkululeko ye-archetypal. Kodwa ndiyayithanda le ndoda kwaye ndiya kuhlala ndiyithanda inkumbulo yayo. Ukufezekisa kwakhe kwicandelo lamalungelo oluntu kwakukukhulu. Kwintetho yakhe yokwamkelwa kukasekela mongameli ngo-1964, wakhankanya imizekelo emininzi apho amaDemokhrasi kunye namaRiphabhlikhi bavumelana ngemiba ephambili, emva koko balandela umzekelo ngamnye ngamagama,… kodwa hayi uSenator Goldwater! Owayesakuba yiRhuluneli yaseNew York kunye no-Al Smith owayengu-Mongameli we-Democratic Republic ngo-1928 wayenguMlwi wokuqala owonwabileyo. UHubert Humphrey, indoda yokulunga nobukhulu, ngokufanayo nayo ifanele ukufumana esi sihloko.
Ukuvula abathunywa-Cima iNtetho yeSizwe: INtetho yokwamkelwa kukaMongameli kaBarry Goldwater, iNdibano yeRiphabhlikhi, eSan Francisco, ngo-1964 Khumbula la magama angafiyo uBarry Goldwater awathethile kwintetho yakhe yokwamkelwa kukaMongameli eSan Francisco's Cow Palace: Ubugwenxa ekukhuseleni inkululeko ayibobubi! Ukumodareyitha ekufuneni okusesikweni akuyonto ilungileyo! Abathunywa baweva la mazwi kwaye bavuya ngehlombe. Abaphulaphuli bakamabonwakude kuzwelonke bazimisele ngokungathethekiyo ukuba bangakuqwalaseli ukuvota kukaBarry Goldwater. Isiphelo sakhe sokoyiswa nguLyndon Johnson satywinwa.
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Ndizibonile ngokwam buqu okanye kumabonwakude zonke iintetho ezikolu luhlu lungentla. Ndizimase iiNdibano zeSizwe zeRiphabhlikhi, kodwa andizukuya kule. Okwangoku, njengezigidi zabanye abantu beRiphabhlikhi kulo lonke ilizwe, ndiza kube ndibukele intetho kaRhuluneli uChristie ngomdla omkhulu. Kuye, lithuba lokuba bobabini benze imbali kunye nokonyusa ithemba lakhe lesizwe elizayo. Ixesha likho lokuba abambe.
UAlan J. Steinberg usebenze njengoMlawuli weSithili we-2 EPA ngexesha lolawulo lowayesakuba nguMongameli uGeorge W. Bush. Ummandla wesi-2 we-EPA unamazwe aseNew York naseNew Jersey, iCommonwealth yasePuerto Rico, iiVirgin Islands zase-US, kunye nezizwe ezisibhozo ezaziwayo zaseIndiya. Phantsi kweRhuluneli yaseNew Jersey uChristie Whitman, usebenze njengoMlawuli oLawulayo weKhomishini yaseNew Jersey Meadowlands. Ngoku usebenza kwicandelo lezenzululwazi kwezopolitiko kwiYunivesithi yaseMonmouth.
