I-Skaters kwi-Central Park kungekudala emva kokuba iDakota yakhiwe. Ibiyeyona nto ibalaseleyo. INew York inetyala layo eliphezulu ikakhuluI-speculators kunye ne-egomaniacs, kunye ne-perimeter ye-Central Park ayikho ngaphandle. Ukusuka kwizakhiwo ezinde ezinyuka kwisitalato i-57th ukuya kwindawo enkulu ngokumangalisayo yophuhliso lwe-pan-in-pan olunyukile (kwaye aluhlali luyehla) phakathi kwe-behemoths entle kunye neenqaba ze-Art Deco, indawo yommandla wexesha le-genteel unakhohlisa ngandlela ithile. Kodwa ngekhe ifike eDakota.
Eyilwe nguHenry Hardenbergh-umakhi oza kuqhubeka nokwakha iPlaza kunye neWaldorf-Astoria-kwaye yaphuhliswa ngu-Edward Clark, igqwetha elenza ubutyebi bakhe njengomququzeleli we-Singer Sewing Inkampani, iDakota yayine-pre-preural. ubukho kwasekuqaleni. Nangona ibali eliphindaphindwayo lalibizwa njalo ngenxa yokuba i-Upper West Side yayikude njengentsimi xa kwakhiwa iDakota ayisiyonyani (UClark wayethandwa ngamagama aseNtshona, kangangokuba wade wabiza igama lesibhozo, elesi-9, le-10 kunye neendlela ze-11th Wyoming, Montana, Arizona kunye neIdaho indawo, ngokwahlukeneyo), yayikukuqala kwasekuqaleni. Ukugqitywa kwayo ngo-1884, zazimbalwa ezinye izakhiwo ezikufutshane nayo, ngaphandle nje kweMyuziyam yaseMelika yeMbali yeNdalo kunye nokuqhekeka kwezitraki kunye namatyotyombe ashiyekileyo kuloo ndawo ngokukhawuleza kwanyamalala kwezolimo. I-facade eseNtla ye-Dakota, egqitywe ngo-1884 kwaye isengumtsalane. (UKenneth Grant)
Kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi kunendima edlalwe yiDakota kuphuhliso lwecala lasentshona yile yayidlala kutshintsho lwendawo yokuhlala yesixeko. Yayiyindawo yokuqala yokwenene yokuhlala yaseNew York, umbhali-mbali wezakhiwo u-Andrew Alpern uthi kwincwadi yakhe entsha IDakota: Imbali yeZakhiwo zeNdlu eziQhelekileyo zeHlabathi ($ 55, iPrinceton Architectural Press), ephuma ngo-Okthobha 13.
IDakota yayisisakhiwo sokuqala sokuhlala esenziwe kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukuba sihehe kwaye sigcine abakumgangatho ophakathi ophezulu, ababemathidala ukushiya amatye abo amdaka ngohlobo lwezindlu ezinxulumene nokuhlala. Njengoko uMnu Alpern ephawula, iDakota yayineqela lezinto ezichasayo, kodwa yayiyiDakota eyathi ekugqibeleni yaphumelela kwisixeko esingasentla kwindawo yokuhlala enezinto ezinjengeesilingi ezili-14 zenyawo, i-oki kunye ne-mahogany-eyenziwe ngamaplanga, indawo- Iikhitshi zobugcisa, iilifti kunye nezinto ezintsha ezigcina abakhonzi kunye nabasebenzi bezokuhambisa beck, umnxeba kunye nomgama obonakalayo. Ukuthandwa kwesi sakhiwo, esinamagumbi angama-65 okuqala aqeshiswa ngaphambi kokuba kugqitywe ukwakhiwa, kuncede ekungeniseni uphuhliso oluluqilima kwiindawo zokuhlala.
Kwaye ngokungafani nezinye izakhiwo ezakhe zanamaxesha amakhulu, ukulandelelana kwabanini abagcina iDakota njengerenti de kwahamba umanyano ngo-1961 zange bayeke imigangatho emihle yesakhiwo. Ibhodi ye-co-op yayigcina ikwinqanaba elifanayo, nokuba iya kuthi ga ngoku ukubuyisela zonke iindawo zomlilo ekusebenzeni. Ngapha koko, iDakota igcine isiqu sayo esimangalisayo ngaphandle kokuzola kwePaki ye-740 okanye i-834 yesihlanu, umtsalane wayo uphuculwe ngabazobi abaninzi abadumileyo, izifundiswa kunye neenkwenkwezi zeqonga kunye nescreen abaye bayibiza njengekhaya: uLauren Bacall noRudolf Nureyev, Leonard Bernstein , Kunye no-John Lennon kunye no-Yoko Ono. UHenry Hardenbergh, umyili wezakhiwo, oqhubeka nokuyila iPlaza kunye neWaldorf-Astoria.
Umbonisi kutsha nje uqhube udliwanondlebe noMnu Alpern nge-imeyile, ngethuba apho sixoxa ngokwakhiwa kweDakota, iimpawu zayo ezizodwa kwanokuba kutheni iqhubeka ikhupha umtsalane onjalo kwingcinga ehlangeneyo. Incoko ihlelwe ubude kunye nokucaca.
Kutheni le nto iDakota ihlala ingumtsalane kangangeminyaka eli-130 emva kokwakhiwa kwayo? Ndiyakholelwa ukuba iDakota yaziwa kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezingalunganga. Abantu kwihlabathi liphela bayayidibanisa nokubulawa kukaJohn Lennon, ngakumbi njengoko isenzo esoyikekayo senzeka kumnyango omkhulu owaziwayo kweso sakhiwo. Kwaye ukuhlala okuhlala apho komhlolokazi wakhe u-Yoko Ono kugcine ukuqaqanjelwa kwesi sakhiwo. Nangona kunciphile ngoku, imeko ehleli eDakota kumdlalo bhanyabhanya Usana lukaRosemary kongezwe ekubonakalweni kwesakhiwo kwihlabathi liphela.
Ngaba ucinga ukuba naziphi na izakhiwo ezakhiweyo zokuhlala ziyakuba nohlobo olufanayo lomazibuthe? Inxalenye yesizathu sokuba iDakota ibambelele kwingcinga kukuba indala kakhulu, kwaye ukubonakala kwayo njengesixhobo sexesha elidlulileyo. Uninzi lwezakhiwo ezinokuthelekiswa ngelo xesha ziye zanyamalala, kwaye ezo ziseleyo azinakho ukubamba ikhandlela kwiimpembelelo ezibonakalayo zeDakota. Luphawu lwendawo olwahlukileyo, lwahluke mpela kuzo zonke izindlu ezinophahla lwedolophu, kwaye indala kakhulu kwaye inkulu kunenkoliso yazo. I-Osborne ese-West 57th Street kunye ne-Gramercy e-East 20th Street zikwiminyaka efanayo, kodwa zazizizibane ezincinci ukuqala, kwaye azizange zenze i-mystique efana ne-Dakota. Akukho zakhiwo zisandula ukwakhiwa endizibona zinokukwazi ukuphucula umazibuthe onje.
Ubhala malunga nendlela iDakota eyayiqala ngayo ukwakhiwa indawo yokuhlala. Zeziphi izinto ezibonisa ukuba zahlukile kwezinye izakhiwo zokuqala? Izinto ezenze iDakota yongezeleleka kwaye yayinguvulindlela wokwenene (kwaye kutheni ifanelekile njengeyona ndlu yokuqala yokuhlala yaseNew York) yayiyindawo kunye nobumnandi ngaphakathi kwigumbi ngalinye: amagumbi amakhulu kakhulu kunye neendawo ezininzi, iisilingi eziphezulu kakhulu, zonke izinto, ukugqitywa kunye neenkcukacha ezinokufunyanwa kwindlu enkulu yosapho olunye, zakutshanje kwizixhobo zangoku emakhitshini nakwigumbi lokuhlambela, izibane zombane kuwo onke amagumbi nakwiindawo zikawonke-wonke (eziveliswe kwindawo yiDyota's dynamos); ubungakanani nobukhulu besakhiwo ngokwaso (umphuhlisi uClark uthe bambalwa kakhulu abantu abanakho ukwakha indlu yokuhlala, kodwa abaqeshi bakhe banakho ukuhlala kwibhotwe aza kulakha). Kwaye kukho indawo yokuhamba eluphahleni kunye neendawo zokudlala zabantwana eluphahleni (kunye neembono kuzo zonke iindlela zeemayile ezijikeleze). Umsebenzi wentsimbi wokuhombisa kumsele owomileyo. ( UkuhlolaNY )
Yeyiphi i-moat eyomileyo into eqhelekileyo yexesha? Umjelo wamanzi owomileyo ujikeleze isakhiwo udala uncedo oluphindiweyo lokubonelela ngokukhanya kwigumbi elingaphantsi kunye nokukhuselwa kunye nemfihlo kumagumbi okuqala. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 xa iipavumente zazibanzi kunamhlanje, kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo. Nokuba kungena umjelo wamanzi, bekusekho indledlana ebanzi yokuhamba ecaleni. Xa ukwanda kweemoto esixekweni kwakukhuthaza ukwandiswa kweendlela zezitrato kunye neendawo, izitulo zazichetyiwe kwiindawo zokuhlala, kwaye imijelo yagcwaliswa, ukonakalisa izakhiwo ezininzi ezinkulu. Emva koko imithetho yokwakha yatshintshwa ukuthintela ukwakhiwa kweminye emitsha, njengoko bengena kwindawo yoluntu ngaphaya komda wobunini bepropathi. Indlu yomlingisi ongasekhoyo uLauren Bacall, edweliswe neWarburg kwi-23 yezigidi zeedola kwaye okwangoku ikwisivumelwano.
Ngaba uyakholelwa ukuba nabaphi na abaphuhlisi okanye abayili abasebenza ngoku banobuqili ekuphenduleni kwiimfuno ezingabonakaliyo kunye neminqweno yabathengi babo njengoClark noHardenbergh? Umyili wezinto eziza ngokukhawuleza engqondweni nguRobert AM Stern. UBob unento eyongezelelweyo uHardenbergh wayenayo-ukukwazi ukuqonda iinjongo zomphuhlisi kunye nokwenza isindululo seprojekthi apho i-ego yakhe (ingabalulekanga) ixhomekeke kuleyo yomakhi (kaninzi nangaphezulu). U-Akin kwinto eyenziwa ngu-Hardenbergh e-Dakota, uBob uthatha imibono yobunewunewu bokuphila phambili kukhuphiswano emva koko asebenze nomphuhlisi ukukhulula uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali ngokwaneleyo ukwenza utyalo-mali olongezelelekileyo oluza kuvumela izimvo zikaBob ukuba zizalisekiswe. Wenza loo nto ngokumangalisayo nge-15 Central Park West, apho yena kunye neZeckendorfs benza inqanaba eliphezulu lobunewunewu olwaba yinto enqwenelekayo ngoko nangoko phakathi kwesityebi se-über. Ubungqina bomqondo bubonakala kumaxabiso e-astronomical athengiswayo apho izindlu ziye zazilanda.
Ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, kwathathwa isigqibo sokubeka eyona ndlela yokungena kwisitrato sama-72 endaweni yeCentral Park West, enokubonakala ingenakucingelwa kumakhi namhlanje. Uninzi lwezona zakhiwo zintle eNew York ziyafumaneka kwisitalato esecaleni. Ubugcisa obukhulu be-limestone obenziwe nguMcKim Mead kunye noMhlophe kwi-998 yeFifth Avenue ine-marquee enkulu yentsimbi kunye neglasi enkulu ekhusela iingcango zayo zokungena kwi-East 81st Street. Kukho izizathu ezibonakalayo zoku, njengoko kulula kwaye kungabonakali kakhulu ukuza nokuhamba ngokuthengisa kancinciecaleni kwesitalato kunakwindlela enkulu. Uninzi lwezinye izakhiwo ezitsha ezinezona zinto zibalaseleyo zehlabathi zombini ngokugcina zombini iindlela kunye nokungena-kwezitalato ekungeneni kuvulekile kwaye kunabantu. I-15 Central Park West iyakwenza oko ngokungena kwayo kwisitrato i-62nd kunye nomnyango wabahambi ngeenyawo kwi-CPW. Igumbi lokutyela le-Bacall-phawula indlela encinci ngayo itafile kunye nezitulo.
IDakota yahlala irente kwade kwangowe-1961. Nangona kunjalo, bekukho amacebo e-co-op ekupheleni kwe19th nasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Kutheni le nto intsebenziswano ithathe ixesha elide ukuyifumana? Ezokuqala ii-co-ops yayiziiKlabhu zaseKhaya zaseHubert, eyayineChelsea enye. Yayingumxube obonelele ngendawo eziqeshisayo izindlu ezinomvuzo oxhasa ukugcinwa kwesakhiwo kubanini babahlali. Bafuna ukulawulwa ngobungcali, kwaye oko kwenziwa ngempumelelo edibeneyo. Kuphela kuqoqosho olukhulayo ngokubanzi esiye sahlangabezana nalo ukusukela ukuphela kweMfazwe yesibini (II) kunye nemithetho ephuculweyo elawula ii-co-ops, apho baye bachuma.
Xa iDakota yayivula yayinezinye zezona zinto ziluncedo zale mihla, kodwa ngoku ayinazo ezo zinto zifumaneka kwizakhiwo ezitsha, njengamachibi, amagumbi eyoga kunye neePilates, amaziko enkomfa, njl. Into eyakha isakhiwo sodidi itshintshe kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ngeminyaka yoo-1880, igumbi lokuhlambela elinye lalinokwanela kwanezindlu ezintathu okanye ezine zokulala, kuba iisinki ezincinci ezakhiwe kwiitafile ezakhiwe ngeemabhile zaziza kufakwa kumagunjana ukuze kube lula, kwaye abantu babengajonganga nje ukusetyenziswa kwegumbi lokuhlambela ngendlela esenza ngayo namhlanje. Indawo yekhabethe yengubo kumagumbi anqabileyo anamhlanje igubungela imifanekiso engaphezulu kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ukuzisa ukuhambelana kwamagumbi okuhlambela kunye nokuvalwa ukuya kuthi ga ngoku, abathengi bezinto zokunethezeka bahlala bencama enye indawo kwaye benze utshintsho olubalulekileyo nolubizayo. Abanye bayayamkela le mithwalo kuba bathanda ubuhle kunye ne-cachet yesakhiwo esidala. Abanye bafuna zonke iintsimbi kunye neempempe zeprojekthi entsha. Ngomnye wabaqhubi bemarike yaseNew York yokuthengisa izindlu nomzi ukuba isixeko sinokuxhasa zombini iinkampu. Ifilimu iRosemary's Baby yasebenzisa iDakota ngaphandle kwangaphandle-kwaye kubonakala ngathi, kukukhuthaza-nangona iindawo zangaphakathi zafotwa kwenye indawo. (Ifoto nguParamount Pictures / Getty Izithombe)
Esi sakhiwo saziwa ngokuba likhaya kubadlali beqonga, iingqondi, abadanisi kunye nabazobi abadumileyo. Kodwa abantu bokuqala babenemisebenzi engagungqiyo, njengoko incwadi yakho ibonisa — oonobhanki, amagqwetha, oosomashishini. Nini kwaye njani abemi besakhiwo batshintshela kubahlali bezobugcisa ngakumbi? Ekuqaleni, yayiliqela elingqingqwa labemi baseNew York ababenemali yokufumana irente ekumgangatho ophakamileyo eyayihlawuliswa lusapho lakwaClark ngezindlu. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwakhiwa ezinye izakhiwo ezitsha ezazibhenela izityebi zedolophu, ezihlala zifuna ezona zintsha kunye nezona zilungileyo. Kodwa iDakota yahlala isisakhiwo esibonakalayo esikhethekileyo nesithandanayo, nesibhenela kwizifundiswa nakwabo bakwezobugcisa.
Ngaba ikho into eyakothusa kakhulu ngexesha lokuphanda le ncwadi? Ekujongeni ngokusondeleyo kwiifoto ezininzi zokuqala zesakhiwo endizityhilileyo, ndothuswa kakhulu kukufumanisa ukuba iinkalo ezininzi zokwakha kwesakhiwo zavela njani ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngokukodwa, bendihlala ndicinga ukuba ezi zibane zinezibane zinegesi ezixhonywe kakhulu eludongeni ezijikeleze umnyango yayizizinto zokuqala kwisakhiwo. Ngokuqinisekileyo zikhangeleka ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zihloniphekile. Ngapha koko, zazizezongezo emva kwexesha, njengoko yayinjalo ibhokisi ethunyelwe kubhedu kunye nezibilini zentsimbi ezenziwa kwisiseko setyhula.
Enye yeencwadi zakho zangaphambili yile Ukubamba! malunga nezakhiwo ezincinci ezazimi endleleni yophuhliso olukhulu, olwalubhala kunye noSeymour Durst ongasekhoyo. Yabakho njani intsebenziswano? USeymour wayengumhlobo wakudala endandiza kutya naye amaxesha ngamaxesha. Incoko yethu ibiya kuba banzi kakhulu, kodwa ihlala ihlala ijongana nengxaki anayo ngoku ekudaleni indibano yepropathi awayenethemba lokuba ekugqibeleni iya kuba yindawo yeprojekthi yokwakha iofisi ngokupheleleyo. Wajongana buqu nokubanjwa awadibana nako. Enye incoko engalibalekiyo ibandakanya amabali eemeko ezithile ezidlulileyo awazibonayo okanye awaziyo. Xa ndathi, Seymour, kukho ibali lencwadi apho, waphendula, Ke bhala!
