Umsebenzi wezinto zakudala ujonga ubuso bomama osongelwe ngelineni kaKing Tutankhamun ngelixa esuswa kwilitye lakhe lesarcophagus kwingcwaba lakhe elingaphantsi komhlaba kwiNtlambo eyaziwayo yooKumkani eLuxor, nge-4 kaNovemba 2007.I-BEN CURTIS / AFP / imifanekiso kaFetty Kuthathwe ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini yokuzama, kodwa ekugqibeleni oososayensi baye bakwazi ukulandelelanisa i-DNA ye-mummy yase-Egypt yakudala-kwaye iziphumo ziyamangalisa. UStephen Schiffels, intloko yeMax Planck Institute's Population Genetics Group, kunye neqela lakhe bapapashe iziphumo ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili kwiJuni 30 yoNxibelelwano lweNdalo, unika ingxelo ngeSayensi ePhilayo . Kuyavela, amaYiputa amandulo ayenokuninzi ngokufanayo kwimfuza kubantu abasuka namhlanje eSyria, eLebhanon, kwaSirayeli, eJordani naseIraq.
Abaphandi ngokubanzi babengaqiniseki malunga nokulondolozwa kwe-DNA kwizidumbu zase-Egypt, uSchiffels uxelele iNzululwazi ngeLizwi. Ngenxa yemozulu eshushu, amanqanaba aphezulu okufuma emangcwabeni kunye nezinye zeekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa ngexesha lokumisa izidumbu, zonke ezi zinto zenza ukuba kube nzima ukuba iDNA iphile ixesha elide.
Inzame yokuqala yokulandelelana kwe-DNA kumama yayingo-1985, ngokweSayensi yeHlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zalahlwa xa kwafunyaniswa ukuba iisampulu zazingcoliswe yi-DNA yanamhlanje. Emva koko, ngo-2010, oososayensi bazama ukuvavanya i-DNA kwiisampuli ezithathwe koomama abanobudlelwane nosapho kuKing Tutankhamun, kodwa iziphumo ezipapashiweyo zahlangatyezwa nokugxekwa njengoko iindlela ezazisetyenziswa ngelo xesha zazingakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kweesampulu zakudala nezintsha zeDNA.
Ngeli xesha, uSchiffels, u-geneticist uJohannes Krause, kunye neqela labo, basebenzise ukulandelelana kwesizukulwana esilandelayo, esikwaziyo ukwahlula iiseti zesampulu ezindala kunye nezintsha. Iqela lisebenzise iisampulu ezivela kwizidumbu eziyi-151 ukusuka kwindawo yokuhlala kufutshane naseCairo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Abusir el-Meleq, bonke bangcwatywa phakathi kuka-1380 BC kunye no-425 A.D
Iqela lithelekise iisampulu ezivela kwizidumbu kunye ne-DNA (eyamandulo neyangoku) evela kubantu abahlala phakathi kwe-Egypt ne-Ethiopia. Iziphumo: Ulandelelwano lwe-DNA kwisithuba seminyaka eli-1,300 alutshintshanga kangako, ngaphandle kokuba abantu base-Egypt babenempembelelo yohlaselo lwamaRoma nolwamaGrike, ngokutsho kweziphumo. Nangona kunjalo, xa iseti efanayo yayithelekiswa ne-DNA yama-Egypt angoku, umahluko omkhulu yayikukungabikho kookhokho base-sub-Saharan, exhaphakileyo kubemi banamhlanje.
Ukutshintsha komlibo wokuzalwa kwiminyaka eliwaka kunokubangelwa kukunyuka kokuhamba kweNayile kunye nokunyusa urhwebo olude phakathi kwe-Afrika esemaZantsi eSahara ne-Egypt, utshilo uSchiffels. Izazinzulu kwiziko iMax Planck ziceba ukwenza uvavanyo ngakumbi kwizidumbu ezifumaneka kwilizwe liphela.
