UGqirha Sergio Canavero.UJeff J Mitchell / imifanekiso kaFetty Sekuyiminyaka, ugqirha wase-Italiya uGqirha Sergio Canavero ebesenza izicwangciso zokuzama ukwenza intloko yokuqala yomhlaba kwaye ucebise ukuba iyakwenzeka Nge-Disemba ka-2017, yafumana ingqwalaselo enkulu yemithombo yeendaba kunye nokugxekwa.
Ngo-2013, uGqr. Kanavero wachaza izicwangciso zakhe zenkqubo kwi iphepha ipapashwe kwi-Neurology International yotyando. Kwi-1970, unxibelelwano lokuqala lwe-cephalosomatic lwafezekiswa kwinkawu. Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji ibingekho ukubuyisela intambo yomqolo, kwaye lo mgca wophando awusalandelwa, wabhala. UGqr. Canavero ucebise ukufakelwa intloko kodwa kubandakanya ukuyidibanisa ngentambo yomqolo ngethemba lokufaka intloko emzimbeni ohlukileyo. Izifo ezininzi zabantu ngaphandle kwonyango zinokuxhamla kule nkqubo.
NgoJuni 2015, uGqirha Canavero kwaba ukugaya oogqirha ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo, eza kuqhutyelwa kuValery Spiridinov, indoda yaseRussia eneminyaka engama-31 ubudala enesifo sikaWerdnig-Hoffman, imeko enqabileyo yemfuza ethintela ukukhula kwemisipha yakhe.
Ugqirha waseTshayina uGqirha Xiaoping Ren ujoyine inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo njengomncedisi kaGqirha Canavero. Nge China inomdla kakhulu kule nkqubo, u-Spiridinov watyholwa njengevolontiya lase China ngenxa yomthetho. UGqirha Kanavero ukwabonakalise umdla wokwenza inkqubo eVietnam okanye e-UK, nangona indawo yenkqubo ingekagqitywa.
Ogqirha abangama-80 abasuka eRashiya, China nase-South Korea bazakuzibandakanya kwilinge lokufakelwa, eliqikelelwa ukuba lithathe iiyure ezingama-36 kwaye lixabise i-10 lezigidi zeedola. Iqela licwangciselwe ukuzazisa kwaye lichaze isicwangciso salo ngoJuni 2017 kwinkomfa eBaltimore, Md.
UFarid Amirouche, uprofesa wobunjineli boomatshini kunye ne-bioengineering kwiYunivesithi yaseIllinois, eChicago, kunye nomphathi weLebhu yeLebhu yeLebhu kunye nePhando lweOthopedics, ephuhlise isithuba esiza kusetyenziswa ukukhupha intloko yevolontiya emzimbeni wakhe ukuzama ukuyibuyisela umzimba womnikeli ongasekhoyo ngengqondo. Inkqubo yokusika ibandakanya indibano yesiphatho esilahlayo enesiciko sedayimani, kunye nomhlangano wesikhonkwane sokungena ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwentloko ejikelezayo, kunye nesiphatho sentambo esibuyisekayo nesilungelelanisiweyo esinendawo efanelekileyo yokuphepha ukuqhubela phambili kwebala ngaphaya kobubanzi be-nerve. Uluhlu lwezibane ezisetyenzisiweyo kwisibambi esinokuhlengahlengiswa ukubonelela ngokukhanya okongeziweyo kunye nokuchongwa komphezulu womthambo kunye nokuma kwawo ngokunxulumene nencakuba, utshilo uGqirha Amirouche upapasho ndaba zekhampani . Ngo-Novemba ka-2016, uGqirha Canavero watyhila inkqubo yokwenyani yezigulana ezenziwa utyando kwiNkomfa ye-Glasgow Neuro. Omnye woogqirha abacwangcisa inkqubo noGqirha Canavero, waseMzantsi Korea uGqirha C-Yoon Kim, ibango ukuba nempumelelo ukwakhiwa ngokutsha iintambo zomqolo kunye nomlomo wesibeleko kwiigundane nakwinja. UGqirha Kanavero kunye neqela lakhe bakhuphe iifoto kunye iphepha NgoFebruwari 2017 bebanga uvavanyo abalwenzileyo eMzantsi Korea lubonisa ukuba ukuvuselelwa kwentambo yomlomo wesibeleko kunokwenzeka. Inzululwazi eNtsha ixelwe ukuba oososayensi abaliqela baqaphele olu phando aluguquleli ngokuthe ngqo ebantwini, kwaye umsebenzi omninzi ekufuneka wenziwe.
UGqirha Kanavero uyakuqala ukuzama kwakhe ukupholisa umzimba wevolontiya ukuya kwi-50 degrees fahrenheit kunye nokusika zombini intloko kunye nengqondo yentloko yomnikeli ofileyo evela kwimizimba yabo efanelekileyo kunye neentambo zomqolo. I-Polyethylene glycol iya kusetyenziswa ukudibanisa intloko yevolontiya kunye nentambo yomqolo womzimba womnikeli. Isicwangciso kukunyanzela ivolontiya ukuba libe isiqaqa kangangenyanga ngelixa igazi kunye neenethiwekhi zentsimbi zakha ngokutsha ngethemba lokuba umzimba awuyikwala intloko -uhlobo lomngcipheko kuyo yonke inkqubo yokufakelwa. Ukongeza kumqolo, intloko kaSpiridinov kuya kufuneka iphinde idityaniswe neendlela zomoya, isopha kunye nemithambo yegazi.
Inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo ikhuthaze iinkxalabo zokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha kwihlabathi lonke. Abanye baye bakwenza oko xa kuthelekiswa kuFrankenstein, kwaye abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba isayensi ayikabikho ukuze le nkqubo iphumelele. Abanye oososayensi kunye nabaphandi xela ukuba icebo likaGqirha Canavero, nokuba linamabhongo kangakanani, alinakuze liphunyezwe ngempumelelo kuba umzimba kukuqonda okuziquleyo. Ugqirha wabhala ilungisiwe ye Forbes in 2015 ebiza uGqirha Canavero ngaphandle kwengqondo yakhe. Ugqirha Arthur Kaplan, intloko ye-Medical Ethics kwiYunivesithi yase-New York i-Langone Medical Centre ubhale wathi, Ngokokuziphatha umqobo omkhulu yinto eza kwenzeka xa ndinamathela entlokweni endala emzimbeni omtsha. Ingqondo ayiqulathwanga emgqonyeni — iyadibana ne-chemistry yomzimba kunye nenkqubo-luvo yayo. Ngaba ubuchopho buya kudibanisa imiqondiso emitsha, ukuqonda, ulwazi oluvela emzimbeni ohlukileyo kunolo wawuqhelene nalo? Ndicinga ukuba esona siphumo sokuphambana okanye ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
UGqirha Canavero uphendule kwisikhalazo sikaGqirha Caplan esithi abantu abaphila neemeko ezinganyangekiyo nezidimazayo abanakho ukufikelela kulo naluphi na uhlobo lonyango kwaye bathintelwe kubomi obulinganiselweyo nobuthobekileyo. Uyathemba ukuba kwixesha elizayo into yokufakelwa kwentloko inokwenziwa ukuze kwandiswe ubomi kwaye ii-clones zinokusetyenziswa nje ukuba itekhnoloji iphuculwe kwaye igqibelele ebantwini.
Umzamo wokufakelwa usacwangcisiwe ukuba wenziwe ngamanye amaxesha ngo-Disemba ka-2017 ulinde ukuvunywa kunye nenkxaso-mali.
