Indoda ibaleka kwiSibhakabhaka esingenanto 9/11 Memorial eLiberty State Park phambi kweManhattan esezantsi kunye neZiko elinye lezoRhwebo kwiSixeko saseNew York ngoSeptemba 6, 2017 eJersey City, eNew Jersey.Ifoto nguGary Hershorn / Getty Izithombe Namhlanje sikhumbula i-16thIsikhumbuzo sento u-Al-Qa'ida ayibiza ngokuba zii-Operation zayo, olona hlaselo lubalulekileyo embalini. Olo tyando lushiye i-jihadists ezi-19 ezifileyo, ama-2,978 asweleke njengamaxhoba amsulwa, kunye namawakawaka enzakeleyo. Ungasathethi ke ngokutshatyalaliswa kweZiko loRhwebo leHlabathi, iijetliner ezine zatshatyalaliswa, iPentagon yonakala kakhulu, kwaye nesizwe satshintsha ngonaphakade.
KwiLower Manhattan nakwiPentagon — zonke ziphinde zakhiwa kunye nezikhumbuzo ezifanelekileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngaloo mhla-isikhumbuzo esiqhelekileyo sika-9/11 siyakwenzeka. Abo bakhumbulayo banokucinga ngokufutshane, ngokufutshane, ngaloo ntsasa yangolwesibini enelanga xa umhlaba watshintsha. Abanye baya kuthetha ngayo. Kanye njengokuba abazali bam kunye nabahlobo babo babekhe bandidika ngeenkumbulo zabo zokuba babephi nge-22 kaNovemba, ngo-1963, ngethuba kubulawa uMongameli uJohn F. Kennedy, ngoku mna nabahlobo bam sasizala abantwana bethu ngokukhumbula ngqo ngomhla we-9/11.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha sinokubona ukusebenza kweAl-Qa'ida Planes kunye neempembelelo zayo ngokucacileyo okubekungafikeleleki ngaphambili. Kwiinyanga emva komhla we-9/11, xa umothuko wajika waba ngumsindo owabonisa ubumbano lwesizwe olwalubonakalise ukuba lukhulu kakhulu njengoko lwaludlula ngokukhawuleza, kwaqala ixesha elitsha eMelika kumlo wexesha elide wokulwa nobunqolobi bamaSilamsi kunye nokuzibaxa izinto. Usebenze njani ungquzulwano kule minyaka ili-16 idlulileyo?
Kwindawo yokuqala, kufanele ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba uLuntu lwezoBuntlola lenze umsebenzi oncomekayo wokugcina ubunqolobi obunobungozi kude nonxweme lwethu ukusukela nge-9/11. Ngokukodwa, ukusebenza kweqela le-FBI-NSA, ngentsebenziswano esondeleleneyo kunye namaqabane asondele kwezobuntlola angaphandle, kuthintele amakhulu eziqwenga zabanqolobi ezishiyekileyo njengoko besitsho kurhwebo lweentlola. I-Jihadists iphumeze ngqo uhlaselo lomtshato omkhulu e-United States kule minyaka ili-16 idlulileyo-kwaye ayisiyiyo nakuphi na ukusilela kokuzama .
Ewe kunjalo, ukusukela nge-9/11 ubambiswano lobuchwephesha kwi-FBI-NSA lukhule ngokukuko ekumiseni i-jihadists ngaphambi kokuba babulale ukuba oonontlalontle bahlala bekhalaza ukuba uninzi lwezi zinto zingangabagrogrisi azinabungozi ne-do-well-wells kunye neefantasists ezibanjiswe ngoorhulumente . Le yimveliso esekwe kwimpumelelo yobundlobongela basekhaya kule minyaka idlulileyo.
Nangona ii-jihadists, zihlala zizenzela igama, zibabulala abantu baseMelika ekhaya ukusukela nge-9/11, uninzi lwezi zoyikiso lukhuthazekile-alukhokelwanga-ngabanquli bezenkolo abanogonyamelo phesheya kolwandle. Kwimeko eqhelekileyo, olona hlaselo lubi, ukubulawa kukaJuni 2016 eOrlando’s Pulse nightclub, kwabulawa abamsulwa abangama-49; Ukanti umbulali wabo, u-Omar Mateen, ongummi waseMelika ozalelwe apha, nangona babechukumiseka nguRhulumente wamaSilamsi, wayengakhokelwa ngabo ngaphandle kwengqondo yakhe egulayo .
Ukunyuka kwelo lizwe lamaSilamsi, ngeendleko zeAl-Qa'ida, yenye yeemveliso zempumelelo yethu yokulwa ubunqolobi ukusukela nge-9/11. I-franchise yehlabathi yobunqolobi eyahlasela ilizwe lethu ngokumangalisayo kwiminyaka eli-16 eyadlulayo ayikabikho, kodwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo iphantsi. Uninzi lwee-superstars zayo eziye zanceda ukucwangcisa nokwenza iiPlani ze-Operation kudala zafa okanye ziselugcinweni.
Eyona idumileyo, u-Osama Bin Laden ngokwakhe wabulawa ngama-US Navy SEALs kwindawo yakhe yokugcina esePakistan ngoMeyi ka-2011, emva kweminyaka elishumi yokuzingelwa ziintlola zethu kunye nookhomanda. Ukusukela ngoko, inombolo yakhe yexesha elide, u-Ayman al-Zawahiri, indoda ene elidlulileyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo , ubenexesha elinzima lokufumana iAl-Qa'ida ibuyele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lomdlalo wejihadist.
Umakhi ophambili we-9/11, usomashishini we-jihadist u-Khalid Sheikh Muhammad, ubeselugcinweni lwethu ukusukela ngo-2003 xa wabanjwa e-Pakistan kwakhona. Nangona kusekho Imibuzo ebalulekileyo engaphendulwanga malunga ne-KSM (njengoko esaziwa kwizangqa zobunqolobi), akukho mntu unamandla eWashington kule minyaka ili-16 idlulileyo owakhe wabonakala elangazelela ukubaphendula. Le yinto yipateni kwi-Federal bureaucracy yethu, ebonisa umdla ongaqhelekanga malunga nokutyhila ubungakanani obupheleleyo Uhlaselo olukhulu lwabanqolobi-nokuba bayabandakanya i-jihadists okanye hayi.
Uninzi lwamandla e-Al-Qa'ida kunye nodumo kwizangqa zamaSilamsi zithathiwe liLizwe lamaSilamsi-nangona ela qela, liphantsi koxinzelelo olomeleleyo lomkhosi e-Iraq nase-Syria, ekhokelwa yi-United States. Yonke into enokuthi ichazwe ngokuqinisekileyo kukuba iAl-Qa'ida Planes Operation ayikaze iphinde yenziwe, ethi into ebalulekileyo malunga neenzame zethu zokulwa ubunqolobi ukusukela ngo-2001.
Ngenxa yokusilela kwezinye iindlela, ii-jihadists kwihlabathi liphela ziye zabhenela kubunqolobi eNtshona, kubandakanya naseMelika. Olu hlaselo lincinci, oluhlala luhlasela umntu ngamnye alunazimpembelelo kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye nezentlalo ze-9/11. Ewe kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuba ungomnye wabambalwa abangenathamsanqa ukubulawa okanye ukonzakaliswa zezi zinto zenze uhlaselo lwe-jihadist, zifana nengxaki ngaphezu kwesoyikiso esibi kwindlela yethu yobomi.
Akufanele siphumle kwi-laurels yethu, nangona kunjalo, ekubeni kuye kwakho inkunkuma eninzi kunye nobuyatha kubuchwephesha baseMelika kule minyaka ili-16 idlulileyo. Eyona nto imangalisayo, mhlawumbi-kuba ichaphazela abemi abaninzi mihla le-lolona lawulo lwezoKhuseleko kuThutho, olumele intetho efanelekileyo umnqweno wenkundla yokhuseleko ngaphezulu kokhuseleko lokwenyani . Nangona kunjalo, kuba i-TSA idala imisebenzi phantse kuzo zonke izithili zeCongressional kweli lizwe, akufuneki silindele ukuba izakuguqulwa nzulu — kungasathethwa ke ngoko ngenxa yenkqubo yokhuseleko lwenqwelo moya - nangaliphi na ixesha kungekudala.
Oko kwathethi, ubundlobongela be-TSA pales xa kuthelekiswa neemfazwe eziyintlekele zokhetho esizenzileyo kwi-Greater Middle East kwiminyaka ukusukela nge-9/11. Nangona uhlaselo oluphuculweyo lweAfghanistan kungaphelanga neenyanga ezimbini emva kokuba iTwin Towers iwile kwaye yayiyimfuneko, kwaye ukuwa ngesiquphe kweTaliban ezandleni zabantu abangaphezulu kwesandla seMikhosi yethu eKhethekileyo kunye ne-CIA kwakungathandabuzeki, yayiyinto enye. -off endaweni yetemplate yexesha elizayo.
Ukukhaba i-Taliban ngaphandle kweKabul yayilohambo lwesiqhelo olwaluvumelekileyo ukuba luvunyelwe ukuba luzenzele ngokwalo ixesha elide kulwakhiwo lwesizwe (kwaye ngokungachanekanga). Ukuziqhelanisa, oku kuye kwafikelela ekuzameni ukwenza iAfghanistan ingeyiyo iAfghanistan, kwaye ibonakalise ngokuchanekileyo njengayo yonke eminye imizamo yamanye amazwe yokwenza njalo kule minyaka ingama-2 300 idlulileyo, xa uAlexander Omkhulu wayenengxaki kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, uMongameli uDonald Trump, okhankasela ngamandla ngokuchasene nokungaziphathi kakuhle kwaseMbindi Mpuma, ubonakalisile ukungakwazi ukukhupha umkhosi wethu e-Afghanistan, ngoku yeyona mfazwe inde kwimbali yaseMelika ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Iphulo lethu eligwetyiweyo kwelo lizwe liye laba yimizamo yokuvelisa uninzi ekungekho mntu eWashington ubonakala ngathi unayo nayiphi na indlela yokuphuma.
Ukuhlasela kwethu i-Iraq ngentwasahlobo ka-2003 kwakungaziphathanga kakuhle kwaye kungekho nobulumko. Kanjalo, iingcali zenzululwazi zazilumkisa ngokuchasene nokuhamba ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke, kungabikho nto. Ngelixa kungekho nto inokuphika ukuba uSaddam Hussein wayengudisipoti owoyikekayo onegazi elininzi ezandleni zakhe, konke oko kwakumkhupha kumandla okufezekisa yayikukunikezela i-Iraq kubaphathi beIran, eyaqinisekisa amashumi eminyaka yemfazwe yamakhaya yamacala amaninzi. Le, nayo, yayiqikelelwa ngokulula- kwaye yaxelwa kwangaphambili ngabanye kuluntu lwethu loBuntlola ngaphambi kokuba i-Iraq ihlasele - kodwa akukho mntu waphulaphulayo. Inyani ayinqumli umkhenkce kwi-posty-9/11 yomoya wokulwa umlo onobukrwada eMbindi Mpuma ukusombulula ngomlingo ingxaki yethu ye-jihadist.
Ngaphandle komonakalo omkhulu kumandla waseMelika kunye nodumo olubangelwe kukungqingqwa kobuchule esikwenzileyo kwimisebenzi yethu eAfghanistan naseIraq, kuye kwakho neendleko ezinkulu zamathuba ngokunjalo. Emva kweminyaka elishumi elinesiqingatha yokubetha ngenqindi ngokuchasene nabavukeli kwi-Greater Middle East, umkhosi wethu awulungelanga kwaphela ukulwa nalo naluphi na uhlobo lomncintiswano woontanga. Kukho ubungqina obuninzi ukuba Umkhosi wase-U.S-ojolise ekuchaseni isizukulwana ngenkxalabo phantse yayo yonke enye into-ikhutshwe kakhulu ngamaRussia kwiindawo ezinje ngemfazwe ye-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zokudubula. Nawuphi na umlo olwa nabantu baseRussia wawuza kuzisa imimangaliso engathandekiyo kwimikhosi yaseMelika.
Ayisiyo yokuba umkhosi wethu waselwandle ubonakala ungcono. Iimfazwe zethu ezingapheliyo eMbindi Mpuma ziye zalambisa umkhosi wethu ngenxa yemali, ngelixa zisenza ukucinga ngomlingo kunye nokubaleka ngobuchule, kwaye ngenxa yoko uMkhosi wamanzi wase-US ubonakala ngathi baphulukana nobuchule babo bokuhamba ngesikhephe ngaphandle kokungqubana nezinye iinqanawa . Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba umkhosi wethu wenqanawa sisiqinisekiso senkululeko yokuhamba ngenqanawa urhwebo lwehlabathi- singasathethi ke ngesona sithintelo siphambili kubuTshayina bamanzi asuka kwiMpuma yeAsia — akukho nanye kwezi ezimela uxolo noxolo lwehlabathi.
Emva koko kukho yonke into ebalulekileyo yokwanda kwenyukliya. Wonke uzwilakhe emhlabeni wafumana umyalezo ocacileyo ngo-2003 ukuba ukuba awunazo izixhobo zentshabalalo, iWashington ingathatha isigqibo solawulo-kukutshintsha ngokuthanda kweMelika. Eyona nto ungafuniyo ukuba yiyo nguSaddam Hussein, owayekwazi ukweyisela iintshaba zakhe ukuba une-WMDs -kwakungekho njalo.
Njengokuba eso sifundo besingacacanga ngokungacimekiyo, ukuwa okulihlazo kuka-Muammar Gaddafi e-2011, ezandleni zabavukeli abaxhaswe yi-NATO kwilizwe lakhe lase-Libya, zongeze iinkcukacha. Emva kokubukela ukuwa kukaSaddam, uzwilakhe owayesakuba nguzwilakhe wakhetha ukuya kwicala lasekunene laseWashington ngasekupheleni kuka-2003, enikezela ngenkqubo yakhe ye-WMD kwaye esebenzisana ngokuzolileyo kwimfazwe yaseMelika ngokuchasene ne-jihadism.
Waligcina ilizwi lakhe, wadlala yimithetho yaseWashington, kwaye wancedisa kumlo wethu wokulwa neAl-Qa'ida, nangona oku akuzange kumncede uGadaffi xa ejongene nemvukelo, eyayixhaswa yiNATO ngoncedo lweenqwelo moya kunye noncedo lomkhosi. UGadaffi ubugqibe ubomi bakhe kumsele wamanzi amdaka, egculelwa ngabavukeli abamdubula entloko ngelixa babemngcolisa. Akukho mntu ufumene umyalezo apha-ukuba iMelika ayiligcini ilizwi layo, soze unikezele ii-WMDs zakho-ngokucacileyo kunoMntla Korea, owazifumana ubekwe kwi-Axis of Evil's George's Bush kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuSebenza kwePlanethi. Sithetha nje sibandakanyeke kubuchwephesha benyukliya kunye nePyongyang, ezimisele ukungaziphindi iimpazamo zesicwangciso-qhinga se-Iraq kaSaddam okanye iLibya kaGaddafi. Akumangalisi ukuba iNorth Korea inomdla kwi-parley neMelika ngokubhekisele kwizixhobo zenyukliya. Le ngxaki yoyikekayo yezopolitiko inokuba lelona lifa libalulekileyo le-9/11.
UJohn Schindler yingcali yezokhuseleko kunye nowayesakuba ngumhlalutyi weArhente yoKhuseleko kuZwelonke kunye negosa lobukrelekrele. Ingcali kwezobuntlola kunye nobunqolobi, ukwaligosa lomkhosi wamanzi kunye nenjingalwazi yeWar College. Upapashe iincwadi ezine kwaye uku-Twitter ku @ 20committee.
