Iqala njani iFiladelfiya eyakhiweyo eyona ndawo iQabane kwiRobber Baron Estates

Ngaphandle kokudlula kwizandla ezininzi, ikhaya le-tycoon u-Edward J. Berwind likhangeleka ngendlela awayishiya ngayo.

Kubo bonke ubungqongqo babo - iinyawo zabo eziginyayo kunye nomphambili owoyikekayo, imingxunya eyakhiwe ngesileyiti kunye neengcingo ezibiyelwe ngentsimbi- izindlu ezinkulu ezakhiwe kwiFifth Avenue ngexesha leGilded Age zibonakalisile, kwisithuba seminyaka embalwa yokwakha, ukuba ziyinto efana nokuthengiswa kwezindlu nomhlaba. yee-dinosaurs, i-behemoths engakwaziyo ukusinda kutshintsho olukhawulezayo kwimozulu. Indlu yasebukhweni yesitalato i-Cornelius Vanderbilt II ye-57, ngoqikelelo oluthile yeyona ndlu inkulu yosapho olunye eyakha yamiswa esixekweni, yehla ngeminyaka yoo-1920, ukwenza indlela, ngokufanelekileyo ngokwaneleyo, eBergdorf Goodman; ngokunjalo, ebizwa njalo ngokuba yiVanderbilt Triple Palace e-51st Street.

Ezinye izikhumbuzo zobutyebi ezenziwa ngokukhawuleza okanye zagcinwa ngononophelo, njengeHenry Clay Frick kunye nezindlu zikaFelix M. Warburg, e-East 72nd nase-East 92nd Street, ngokwahlukeneyo, zanikezelwa kumaziko enkcubeko. Zintle nangoku, zinobunkunkqele kwimicimbi emikhulu eyadlulayo, ezo zinto zilondolozwa kwiimyuziyam zinazo malunga nomgangatho werhafu eyenziwe kakuhle. Ziziphakamiso, kunokuba intetho yobomi ihlale inkulu.

Ukuba ezo ndawo zilahlekileyo nezifipheleyo ziiTyrannosaurs, emva koko iEdward J. Berwind House, ekwi-2 East 64th Street- okanye 828 Fifth Avenue, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo luni lwefayile ofuna ukuyenza-, mhlawumbi, ingwenya, yomelele ukutyhubela iminyaka ngotshintsho olwenziweyo kwifom. I-edianian enkulu yaseGeorgia yelitye lekalika kunye nezitena, ikhaya lalinokulala ngokulula amashumi aliqela, kwaye linendawo zokuzonwabisa ezifaniswe ngokunyanisekileyo neVersailles. Unembali yezokwakha yaseNew York, uJohn Tauranac, kutshanje waphawula, ayinanto yakwenza nobomi baseMelika benkulungwane yama-21.

Kwaye okwangoku, ngaphandle nje okufutshane, esi sakhiwo sihlala kwindawo yokuhlala yabucala ngendlela ekungekho enye indlu yeFifth Avenue ekwazileyo ukuyenza. Kuqikelelo lomrhwebi odumileyo ophakamileyo, ikhaya sele lingenakuthelekiswa nanto. Kubonakala ngathi ngandlel 'ithile kungahlengahlengiswanga ukuba kulwisane nehlabathi eliguqukileyo.

Okanye mhlawumbi kube nethamsanqa.

U-Edward Berwind, ogama lakhe libizwa ngegama lendlu, wazalelwa abafuduki baseJamani ePhiladelphia ngo-1848, ongomnye woonyana abahlanu. Uchithe iminyaka engama-20 kumkhosi wenqanawa, ekhonza kumanzi aseYurophu ngexesha leMfazwe yaseFranco-Prussian nakwimfazwe yaseSpain-America.

Ulysses S. Grant wathabatha uBerwind waba ngumncedisi wenqanawa ngexesha lobongameli bakhe, kwaye i-United States ye-Fuel Administration yacela kuye iingcebiso ngexesha leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ngeli xesha, ukusuka kwindawo awayekuyo i-Berwind-White Inkampani, awayeyisekele, u-Berwind wayesaziwa njengoyena mnini mkhulu wepropathi yamalahle e-United States. Okwexeshana, bekunzima ukurhweba ngokubandakanya amashishini ombane asebenzisa amalahle kumazibuko asePhiladelphia okanye eNew York ngaphandle kokutsho kukaBerwind.

Ukanti, ngandlela thile, uBerwind akazange ayigqithe imvelaphi yakhe ethobekileyo. UCaroline Astor, enye, wayecinga ukuba imali yakhe intsha kakhulu, ngaphandle kwakhe kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, uSarah, kwigama lakhe elingcwele elingama-400. (Eli nani lalingqamana nala malungu oluntu abaluleke kakhulu kwaye, ngokudumileyo, kwinani labantu elilinganayo ngaphakathi kwebhola yegumbi le-Astors 'Fifth Avenue.) Nangona iiBerwinds zakha into eyiNew York Amaxesha ngo-1901 kwathiwa lelinye lamakhaya amahle kakhulu eNewport, indawo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Elms — uloyiso lukaLouis XIV lwamatye amhlophe, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba lwalunekholeji encinci yobugcisa benkululeko — lendlu yayimi kwicala elingelilo leBellevue Avenue , Esona siqwenga sikhulu sekholoni, ngaphandle komphambili wolwandle. Omnye umlobi-ntatheli waphawula ukuba ngesenzo esibonakalayo sokudelela, uBerwind wayehombise isango langaphambili lekhaya ngeengqayi ezinkulu zeentyatyambo ezixhonywe ngomfanekiso wakhe omelweyo, enika imbonakalo yakhe kubo nabaphi na abantu abadlulayo.

IManhattan, nayo, ibikhathazekile ngenxa yokungenelela kwabaqalayo kunye nabaqalayo. Inqaku elipheleleyo ngeCawa Amaxesha kaMeyi 26, 1907, wafuna ukuqinisekisa abafundi ukuba Ngaphandle kwempembelelo yabangaphandle, iiNtsapho zeKnickerbocker zihlala ngokulula kwi-Ascendant kwi-Upper Fifth. Phakathi kwabantu bangaphandle, eli phepha lathi, yayinguEdward J. Berwind.

Kodwa olo bizo luthandabuzekayo alunakusetyenziswa kowasetyhini athe uBerwind wathenga kuye ipasipoti yakhe yeFifth Avenue, kwikona esemazantsi e-East 64th Street, ngaphesheya kweCentral Park. Umzukulwana kaCornelius Ray, umongameli webhanki yokuqala yase-United States kwisiXeko saseNew York, uNathalie Elizabeth Baylies uthathe igama lakhe lokugqibela kumyeni wakhe ongasekhoyo, umrhwebi uEdmund Lincoln Baylies, osapho lwakhe lwafika eMassachusetts ngo-1737, kwaye babelana ngeDNA. kunye no-Abraham Lincoln. N.E. I-Baylies, njengoko wayesaziwa njalo, ithengise inani lamaphecana asezidolophini kubantu ababalulekileyo, ababazalisa ngamakhaya amahle osapho olunye.

Bambalwa, ukuba bakhona, abalinganisa oko uE. UBerwind wayenengqondo. Ukunika iphupha, waphathisa umyili wezakhiwo uNathan Clark Mellen, owayeneprofayili encinci, ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nomyili wezinto zangaphakathi zeBerwinds, inkampani yaseFrance iJules Allard & Son, eyayenza izinto zangaphakathi eVanderbilts 'Newport estate, Abaqhekezi ..

Imigangatho emibini esezantsi yayifakwa ngesamente kwilitye lekalika, kugcwele ziintsika, iintsika, ukuskrola kunye neekerubhi. Iifestile ezakhiwe lilitye elihonjisiweyo elijikeleze amanqanaba aphezulu anombala, owenziwe nguBerwind kwisitena esibomvu sikaTiffany. Iholo lokwamkela eligqunyiweyo eligcinwe kwidome enombala eneenkwenkwezi kunye noMnu. Tauranac, umbhali-mbali, ubhale, iingcambu ezicacileyo kwisilingi seGothic seSainte-Chapelle eParis. UMahogany walicoca ithala leencwadi, elalichuma i-octet yee-pilasters, nganye nganye inamaphiko asentsomini. Iindawo zokuhlala zosapho zazihlala kumgangatho wesithathu, ngelixa igumbi lokudlala ibhola lifunxa ubuninzi besibini, sinendawo yokuhlala eqhotyoshelweyo ejonge epakini. Kwakukho isinxibo esihonjisiweyo, uLouis lo noLouis ukuba, i-glade yexabiso le-oak paneling. Njengengongoma ekubhekiswa kuyo, umsebenzi wabayili bezakhiwo zenkundla kaNapoleon kwathethwa nawo.

Ngenxa yokudibanisa izinto, kubandakanya ukuphawulwa komhlaba kwe-façade ye-1982-eyafika emva kwexesha ukuthintela ukongezwa kwe-1978 yendlu yangoku esemgangathweni yesithandathu, ebuyiswe ngophahla kususwa ngenceba engabonakaliyo-indlu, eyagqitywa Ngo-1896, ijongeka ngokufanayo nanamhlanje njengokuba yayinjalo ngoko. Ukubiza ubume bendlu yedolophu kukwenza into engathandekiyo. Indledlana esecaleni ibonakala imdaka phambi kwayo, iribhoni ebhityileyo engwevu engakulungelanga ukuba nesiqu sayo. Nguwo onke ama-akhawunti, indawo ngaphandle kwexesha.

Utshintsho kwimithetho yerhafu kunye nemithetho yezabasebenzi yazisa ukufa kwamanxuwa ezindala. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokubhubha kuka-Edward Berwind ngo-1936, eneminyaka engama-88, udadewabo, u-Julia Berwind, owazuza njengendlu yokuhlala, waqhubeka nokuyisebenzisa de kwaba lixesha lowama-1945, xa amaphepha-ndaba axela ukuba umthengi wenze isivumelwano nomhlaba, egcwalisa izicwangciso zokwakha inqaba yokuhlala enemigangatho eli-19 endaweni yayo.

Kwiiveki ezithile kamva, nangona kunjalo, kwavela ukuba oyena mthengi yayiliZiko leeNzululwazi zeAeronautical. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yayo yekamva, ebandakanya ukubamba udliwanondlebe lobuchwephesha kwiinkqubo zobunjineli kwiihelikopta kunye nemijukujelwa ekhokelwayo, iZiko ngokucacileyo alifumananga nto iyingozi kwikhaya lalo elitsha lokuhombisa i-Euro. Xa yayithengisa indawo ngo-1963 kumakhi wezindlu u-Harry Waxman, esiya kwindawo ekwi-Sixth Avenue, ikhaya lahlala lilungile.

Indlu yendlu ngeentsuku ezidlulileyo.

Emva kokusweleka komntakwabo Waxman, uSydney, owayekwangumlingani wakhe kwishishini, wasweleka ethekweni endlwini, ipropathi yabuyela emarikeni ngokukhawuleza. Iqela elacebisa ukuguqula isakhiwo sibe likhaya labahlengikazi linikezele ngebhidi ephezulu ye-1.5 yezigidi, kodwa uWaxman wazifumana enqabile ukuvumela indlu ihlupheke. Njengentlonipho kumntakwabo, owabulawa sisifo sentliziyo, wayithengisa kwiNew York Heart Association, ngesiqingatha sentengo, ngo-1967. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, Amaxesha Yothuswa kukuba ela qela, nalo, lalile ukwala iisilingi ezivutha ngepeyinti ezikhangeleka ngathi zezothando (zihlala ziingxelo), okanye isanti phantsi kwemizobo yeenkuni ebonisa amagqabi neentyatyambo, imifanekiso yamakhwenkwe amancinci edlala ikomityi. Ziinkqubo zokukhanyisa kuphela ezifuna ukwenziwa ntsha, uMbutho ufumene, kwaye kumagumbi asetyenziswa njengeeofisi Umntu oqhelekileyo ufumanisa ukuba kufana neklabhu kuneendawo zethu zangaphambili, utshilo uCharles I. Campbell, umphathi weqela. Icandelo labasetyhini lineeye apha. Kwaye oogqirha bayayifumana indawo efanelekileyo yeentlanganiso.

Kodwa umninimzi olandelayo waseBerwind wabonakala mhlawumbi eyisoyikiso esikhulu kunayo nayiphi na ngaphambili ingqibelelo yayo yembali. Ukulandela iimarike zezindlu ezisezantsi ezisezantsi zika-1970, owayesakuba ngumgwebi we-White & Case ogama linguRobert Little waqala ukuthenga nokuchitha izindlu zedolophu zaseManhattan. Yayilishishini elihle ngo-1977, ngamaxabiso ezindlu nemihlaba enyuka nesixeko sibolile ngezakhiwo ezidilikileyo. Phakathi kokufunyanwa kwakhe yayiyi-828 yeFifth Avenue, awayeyithenge nge-1.3 yezigidi zeedola.

Indlu enkulu yohlulwahlulwa yaba zi-12 co-ops ezinamaxabiso ukusuka kwi-195,000 ukuya kwi-425,000 yeedola, ukusukela kumthi omangalisayo owenziwe ngomthi ophindwe kabini ukuya kwi-oval ephilayo ejonge eCentral Park, kwigama lodweliso oluvele emaphepheni. Kwaye loo mapaneli anyamezelayo kunye namagumbi amile ngokungathi ayebonakala ngathi thsuphe ukuba umbono we-baron's robber wawushiywe ungaphazanyiswa kwakhona. Ewe, ngo-1983, xa uToni Morrison wafunda kwisakhiwo kwintlanganiso yeNew York Society yeNkcubeko yeNkcubeko kwiincwadi zakhe ezingasapapashwa, Ntanda , yayingu, ngokungummangaliso, kwindawo enkulu efanayo no-Edward Berwind awakha kwiminyaka eli-100 ngaphambili.

Ukusukela ngoko, ubomi beli khaya bebumangalisa, kodwa mhlawumbi kungakhange kubonakalise ukutshintsha kwesixeko esijikelezileyo kunakwiminyaka edlulileyo. Iindawo zokuhlala zidityanisiwe. Ngoku kukho iperi yee-maisonettes eziphindiweyo (izindlu ezinkulu), kwinqanaba lokungena. Wonke umgangatho ongasentla uhlala iyunithi enye. UMadonna wayekhe wacinga ngokuthenga kwesi sakhiwo kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba angasithathi kuba wayengakwazi ukufikelela kwigaraji ngaphakathi. Kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo, umphuhlisi ongasekhoyo uHoward Ronson waqala ukufumana iziqwenga zekhaya — imigangatho emibini yokuqala emva koko enye yeziduplex, emva koko enye co-op yomgangatho opheleleyo. Emva kokubhubha kwakhe, ngo-2007, usapho lwakhe lwaphuma lwaya endlwini ephezulu. Baphupha ngokudala kwakhona indlu yokuhlala yaseBerwind njengoko yayinjalo, ngcono ngendlu enye, ewe, kwaye mhlawumbi ziikhitshi ezihlaziyiweyo kunye neendawo zokuhlambela.

Kodwa ngephazili engaphelelanga, babeka ukubamba kwabo-okubandakanya i-15,080 yeenyawo zenyawo, amathala ambalwa, indawo yokugcina iwayini kunye negumbi lokudlala ibhola-ezithengiswayo ngo-2012, ngezigidi ezingama-72 zeedola, bezimisele, ukuchitha ixesha labo elininzi eMonaco . Lo mnikelo utsala umdla wabaphangi bomhla wokugqibela, u-Roman Abramovich, owathatha iphupha lokuvuselela ubhotwe lakwa-Berwind. Kwi-2013, uMnu.Abramovich waxelwa ukuba usekhontrakthi yosapho lakwaRonson, kwaye imithombo ixelele Umjongi ukuba wayecwangcise kwakhona ukuthenga umnini weyunithi yomgangatho wesihlanu, ekubonakala ukuba uchitha ixesha lakhe elininzi eMzantsi Melika. I-duplex maisonette ephethwe ngumyili wefashoni, u-Adolfo Sardina, yahlala inqabile, kodwa asizange sithandabuze isigqibo sika Mnu. Abramovich-okanye amandla okucenga.

Awu, ngenxa yezizathu ezingacacanga ncam-kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba inxulumene nomdla womthengisi wokuphakamisa u-Abramovich's ante-isivumelwano sadilika, kwaye ngoku umntu angaqesha i-triplex yosapho lakwa-Ronson nge-80,000 yeedola ngenyanga, ezantsi ukusuka kwi-150,000 yeedola kunyaka ophelileyo.

Iinzame zika Mnu.Abramovich, ezinje ngeeRonsons ezaziphambi kwakhe, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile zikhumbule ubuqhetseba bukaNorman Bombardini, umphathi omkhulu wenoveli yokuqala kaDavid Foster Wallace, Umtshayelo weNkqubo, ofuna ukuzalisa indalo iphela ngesiqu sakho, ngethemba lokufumana ubungakanani obungenasiphelo ngokusetyenziswa okungapheliyo. Ndizakukhula kwaye ndikhule kwaye ndikhule, uBombardini uyacacisa. Kuya kubakho ekugqibeleni kuyeke ukuba nendawo yakhe nabani na kwindalo iphela. Izibuko ezixhonyiweyo, nazo, idrive eyakha ii-Elms kunye neeBreaker, iindawo zokuhlala ezise-Astor kunye neVanderbilt kunye neFrick. Ikhaya namhlanje.