INkosana yase-Saudi Crown uMohammed bin Salman.UKaitlyn Flannagan woMqwalaseli Kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, iNkosana yaseSaudi Arabia eneminyaka engama-33 ubudala iNkosana uMorh bin bin Salman, eyaziwa njenge-MBS, ilawula iintloko zeendaba eNtshona ngokufuthi kulula ukulibala ukuba ulilandelayo kuphela kwitrone iinyanga nje ezili-18.
Ebizwa ngegama lika Mnu Yonke into, i-MBS ngoku i-de-facto yomlawuli wobukumkani beoyile. Wayengoyena mntu uphambili emva kweziganeko ezininzi ezazitshabalalisa umhlaba e2018, ukusuka kutshintsho lwezoqoqosho lwaseSaudi ukuya kwimpikiswano yaseYemen ukuya ekubulaweni kwabantu ngokucekisekayo. IWashington Post Intatheli uJamal Khashoggi ngo-Okthobha.
Rhuma kwiNcwadana yeNkcazo yemihla ngemihla
Ukuqeshwa njengenkosana yesithsaba esemncinci kangaka kwakungaqhelekanga eSaudi Arabia. Ngokomgaqo wokulandelelana kosapho lwasebukhosini, xa inkosi isifa okanye ishiya, isihlalo sobukhosi siya koyena mdala umkhuluwa ophilayo phambi kokuba kubekhona abanye babazalwana bokumkani okanye amalungu esizukulwana esilandelayo. Utata we-MBS, u-King Salman, wayenabantakwabo abaphilayo xa wayethatha amandla kwi-2015. Ke, kwenzeka ntoni?
Ukuqonda ukunyuka kweemeteorical ze-MBS, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde kancinci malunga nembali yomthi wasebukhosini ontsonkothileyo waseSaudi, imigaqo ekufuneka eyithobele-okanye ayaphule-endleleni kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, abantu ababevule indlela Kudala kuye ngaphambi kokuba avele kwinqanaba lezopolitiko.
Nalu umgaqo wexesha (elenziwe lula) leziganeko ezichaza yonke into oyifunayo malunga nosapho lwasebukhosini lwaseSaudi kunye nendlela i-MBS ebambe ngayo amandla.
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-21 yokulawula kwakhe, kwathiwa wayenonyana abangama-45 kunye nabafazi abali-10. Ngamashumi amathathu anesithandathu oonyana abasindayo baba ngabantu abadala, kubandakanya bonke ookumkani abalandelayo baseSaudi Arabia.
Njengalo naluphi na usapho olukhulu oluqhelekileyo, abanye babantwana baka-Ibn Saud babebaluleke ngakumbi kunabanye. Phakathi komkhosi wakhe woonyana, basixhenxe bavela kwangoko kuba babelana ngomama ofanayo, u-Hussa Sudairi, owayeluthando lobomi buka-Ibn Saud. Wayetshata naye kabini, waba noonyana abaninzi kunabanye abafazi bakhe.
Ngaphakathi kosapho lwasebukhosini lwaseSaudi, oonyana abasixhenxe bakaSudairi baziwa njengeSudairi ezisixhenxe okanye ezisixhenxe ezibalaseleyo. Utata we-MBS, uKing Salman, ngomnye wabo.
Ukubulawa kwakukholelwa ukuba sisenzo sokuphindezela ukufa kwangoko komntakwabo Faisal bin Musaid, u-Prince Khalid bin Musaid, owayelichasi eliphikisayo kwimigaqo-nkqubo ka-King Faisal ngee-1960s.
UKumkani Faisal wathatyathelwa indawo ngumlandeli wakhe osemthethweni, emva koko wayeneminyaka engama-62 ubudala, uKhalid. U-Khalid wahlala emandleni iminyaka esixhenxe ngaphambi kokuba asweleke ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo ngo-1982.
Ngeminyaka yoo-1980, abazalwana abasixhenxe abalaseleyo bangena kwinqanaba lezopolitiko.
Emva kokusweleka kuka-King Khalid ngo-1982, itrone yadluliselwa kumntakwabo, u-Fahd, inkosana yesithsaba esemthethweni kunye nelona lungu lidala labasixhenxe ababalaseleyo.
UFahd wahlala emandleni iminyaka engama-23. Ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe, ugqatso lwesithsaba senkosana yahlulahlula abantakwabo abaseleyo baba ziinkampu ezimbini: abantakwabo abathandathu abapheleleyo kunye nabo bonke abanye oonyana abaphilayo bakaIbn Saud.
Ngokwendalo, uKumkani uFahd wayefuna ukuba omnye wabantakwabo abapheleleyo azuze ilifa lesihlalo sobukhosi ukuze adibanise amandla kumgca wegazi likanina. Kodwa ingxaki yayikukuba, umgcini wakhe osemthethweni, u-Prince Abdullah, wayengenguye umntakwabo Sudairi.
U-King Fahd ekugqibeleni wavuma ukumnikela u-Abdullah esihlalweni sobukhosi, kodwa kuphela kwimeko yokuba u-Abdullah anyule umntakwabo ka-Fahd, uSalman (utata ka-MBS), njengenkosana yesithsaba. Wayekwazi ukwenza ngokusemthethweni ukwenza oko ngenxa yomgaqo omkhulu wokulandelelana awamisela ngo-1992, owamvumela ukuba aqeshe okanye agxothe indlalifa yakhe ebonakalayo ngokuhambelana nokufaneleka kunokuba ngumdala. Utshintsho lolawulo lenze nabazukulwana baka-Ibn Saud ukuba bafanelekele isihlalo sobukhosi okokuqala.
U-Abdullah waba ngukumkani ngo-2005 emva kokuba uFahd esweleke ngenxa yemvelo eneminyaka engama-84. U-Abdullah uqhubeke nokulawula ilizwe iminyaka eli-10. Emva kokubhubha kwakhe ngo-2015, uSalman wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi, kanye njengokuba umntakwabo uFahd wayenethemba.
Kwiinyanga nje ezintathu elawula, u-King Salman wamgxotha u-Crown Prince Muqrin, owayesele eneminyaka engama-70 ngelo xesha, wanika isithsaba isithsaba somtshana wakhe owayeneminyaka engama-56 ubudala, u-Mohammad bin Nayef. Eli nyathelo lenza ingqiqo egqibeleleyo, kuba utata kaMohammad bin Nayef, iNkosana Nayef, wayeyinkosana ebabazekayo esixhenxe, kwaye wayesemncinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba angafumana amandla kwesinye ishumi leminyaka.
Nangona kunjalo, kwavela ukuba yenaf wayengekho ngokwaneleyo. Eyona nto yayifunwa nguKumkani uSalman yayikukuba ngunyana wakhe, i-MBS, aqhubeke etroneni.
NgoJuni ka-2017, u-Nayef waliyeka ibango lakhe kwitrone yakhe kumzala wakhe, i-MBS, owayesandula ukugqiba iminyaka eyi-31. INew York Times ixelwe I-MBS kunye notata wakhe baceba ukugxothwa iinyanga kwaye uNayef wayebanjiwe ngokuchasene nentando yakhe ebhotwe ngaphambi kotshintsho loluntu. Ukuphendula, amagosa aseSaudi uxelele iReuters ukuba Amaxesha Ibali lalilifantasy epheleleyo efanele iHollywood.
INkosana uAlwaleed , ogama linguWarren Buffett waseArabia, ophethe iiasethi ezingama-20 ezigidi zeerandi kwihlabathi liphela (kubandakanya iinkampani ezininzi zase-U.S ), Ngaphandle kokungabikho kwemisebenzi yaseburhulumenteni eSaudi Arabia.
Ngexesha lokucoca urhulumente, amarhe okuba iNkosana u-Abdul Aziz bin Fahd, unyana ka-King Fahd ongasekhoyo, wabulawa liqela lokusweleka ngelixa uxhathisa ukubanjwa.
Ngexesha lokucoca, i-MBS yayalela ukuba kubanjwe omnye unyana wenkosi yangaphambili. Nge-4 ka-Novemba ngo-2017, iNkosana uMutaib bin Abdullah, unyana ka-King Abdullah ongasekhoyo, wabanjwa wahluthwa yonke imisebenzi karhulumente.
Emva kosuku, iNkosana uMansour bin Muqrin, unyana we-Crown Prince Muqrin (u-King Salman owangena ezihlangwini ngokusemthethweni) wabulawa kwingozi yehelikopta kufutshane nomda ophakathi kweSaudi Arabia neYemen. Iingxelo zeendaba Ukusuka ku-Mbindi Mpuma ucebise ukuba le ntlekele yayingelilo ingozi, kodwa iyelenqe lokubulala elali-odolwe yi-MBS ngokwakhe.
Ukuphela kokuqhekeka kukaNovemba-Disemba, i-MBS yayisuse zonke izoyikiso ngaphakathi kosapho lwasebukhosini. Iintshaba zakhe ukusukela ngoku, nangona kunjalo, ziya kube zivela phesheya kwaye kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukulwa nazo kunoomalume kunye nabazala bakaKefiyeh. Ukurhanelwa ngokubandakanyeka kwakhe ekubulaweni kukaKhashoggi sele kubangele umva ovela eNtshona ngokuchasene nohlengahlengiso lwezoqoqosho: I-IPO yenkampani yeoyile kaRhulumente waseSaudi Arabia, iSaudi Aramco, ibanjiwe; Iingxilimbela zobuchwephetshe baseMelika ziyazihlukanisa nemali yaseSaudi; kwaye i-MBS iphantse yaphelelwa ngamaqhinga okurhwebesha utyalomali lwangaphandle ebukumkanini kunye nokulungisa igama lakhe njengohlaziyo olungenabungozi.
