UMongameli wase-US u-Barack Obama.Andrew Harrer-Pool / Getty Izithombe Ukuzibophelela ngokukhululekileyo malunga nokutyholwa kukhetho lwaseRussia kunyulo lwethu kufikelele kwinqanaba lokubila. Ibali leDemokhrasi eliyingozi kwezopolitiko liyavela elathi yayiyinkohliso yenkohliso yaseKremlin eyadodobalisa ugqatso lukaMongameli uHillary Clinton-hayi ukuba wayeqhuba iphulo elibi elahlukanisa abasebenzi abamhlophe ukuba baxhamle uDonald Trump.
Njengeenyaniso ezininzi ezinesiqingatha, le ngxelo inesabelo sayo esifanelekileyo samabango achanekileyo. Ndiyazi, kuba ndandilumkisa uluntu malunga ne-Kremlin espionage kunye ne-disinformation kwakude kudala ngaphambi kokuba iiDemokhrasi ngesiquphe zibe nomdla omkhulu kwesi sifundo kuba sasilimaza umgqatswa wabo. Emva kokuba uVladimir Putin ebambe iCrimea ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2014 kwaye waqalisa umlo wobukrakra nxamnye neUkraine, iinzame zaseRussia ezazijolise eNtshona zaya kudlula ngaphezulu.
Kuye nawuphina umntu owayeqhelene kakuhle neetekhnoloji ze-agitprop yaseMoscow, le yayingeyonto yakudala Amanyathelo eKGB asebenzayo ikhawulezile iminyaka ye-Intanethi. Oko kwathethiyo, isoyikiso esibangelwe yile disinformation ekhubekisayo kwi-intanethi siyinyani, njengoko mna nezinye iingcali ndacebisa kwiminyaka eyadlulayo (kwimeko yam, ngokuqala ngokushiya kukaEdward Snowden ukuya eMoscow ngoJuni 2013). Nangona kunjalo, kwakunzima ngokuphandle ukufumana amajelo osasazo anomdla kule ngxaki inyukayo-ubuncinci de umatshini we-disinformation waseKremlin walandela uHillary, njengoko wenzayo kwi-2016 nge-gusto.
Inkqubo ye- IWashington Post ixelwe kule veki iiwebhsayithi ezixhaswe yiKremlin zityhala iindaba ezingezizo ukubonisa uHillary kunye neDemokhrasi ngendlela engeyiyo. Akukho nto intsha apha kuye nawuphina umntu olandele inkohliso yaseRussia ngalo naliphi na ubude bexesha. I-Kremlin agitprop ejolise eNtshona-ebizwa ngokufanelekileyo ingcaciso -Iqulethe ukudityaniswa kwenyani kunye neentsomi, kunye nolwazi oluninzi olungwevu kwindawo ethile phakathi ekunokuba nzima kwaye kudle ixesha ukuphikisa.
Emuva kwii-1980s, xa i-KGB yayipompa zonke iintlobo zeengcinga zelenqe ezivela kumaziko osasazo aseNtshona ukugcoba ulawulo lweReagan, iWashington yayinobuchule bokulwa olu hlobo lwenkohliso (iPentagon yenze uGawulayo, umzekelo). Inkqubo ye- Imilinganiselo eSebenzayo yeQela lokuSebenza , iqumrhu lezonxibelelwano laphakama laza labonisa ubuxoki beKremlin, lasebenza ngokufanelekileyo emsebenzini walo, lisebenzisa ubuchwephesha kumasebe ohlukeneyo karhulumente kunye neearhente. Ngoloyiso lweMfazwe ebandayo, nangona kunjalo, yasongwa kunye neSoviet Union.
Phakathi ku-2014, kwakucacile ukuba iMoscow yayiphinde yafikelela kumaqhinga ayo okudala engachazwanga kwakhona, kwaye yayicacile nakubani na oqhelene neKremlin ukuba iWashington kufuneka isabele kwimilambo yobuxoki yokuhluza kwimithombo yeendaba zaseNtshona enkosi kubukrelekrele baseRussia kunye nabahlobo bayo. eNtshona. UPutin, igqala elinobuqhophololo le-KGB, uqhelene neMilinganiselo eSebenzayo, kwaye i-Kremlin yakhe iye yanengcwangu ngakumbi malunga nokuyisebenzisa phesheya kunePolitburo.
Kwakungabikho namnye amagqala eQela eliSebenzayo leMilinganiselo eSebenzayo kwinkonzo esebenzayo ngo-2014, nangona kunjalo, iWashington ithe cwaka yadibanisa inzame-ingabikho ngaphezulu kweengcali-ukuqala i-debunking Kremlin disinformation. Umsebenzi wayo wawucacile: ukulandelela ubuxoki baseRussia obujolise eNtshona, ngakumbi ubuxoki obenzelwe ukonzakalisa iUnited States kunye nabadibaniselwano bayo, emva koko babonise indlela ababuxoki ngayo.
Nangona kunjalo, loo mzamo ufanelekileyo awuzange uphume emhlabeni kwaye iwebhusayithi yayo ivaliwe ngaphambi kokuba iqhubeke. Umntwana ophikisana nenkcaso ekrwitshwe ebhedini-yi-White House. Njengoko bendichazile kwikholamu enesihloko esithi U-Obama Akaphumelelanga Ukulwa Umatshini kaPropinanda wePutin, owavela phantse unyaka nje omnye ngaphambi kokhetho lwethu:
Phantse kunyaka ophelileyo, iSebe likaRhulumente lenze iQela eliLwa nokuKhutshwa kweNgcaciso, ngaphakathi kwalo Iziko leeNkqubo zeeNkcukacha zaMazwe ngaMazwe , njengomncinci, umzamo wokuqalisa ukumelana ne-Russian disinformation. Ukubandakanya kuphela igcuntswana labasebenzi, bekufanele ukuba kuveze obona buhle buhlekisayo eMoscow malunga neMelika kunye neNtshona ezisasazwa rhoqo nge-RT nakwezinye iindawo. Benze iwebhusayithi ye-beta kwaye bazilungiselela ukulwa umlo wenyaniso kwi-intanethi.
Awu, iwebhusayithi yabo ayizange ihlale bukhoma. Kutshanje iSebe likaRhulumente livale iqela elincinanana lokuChasana neNgcaciso kwaye naziphi na iinzame zolawulo luka-Obama lokuchasa ubuxoki bukaPutin ngoku zinokuthi zithathiwe zifile ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Imithombo yoluntu yezobuntlola indixelele ukuba ivaliwe ngaphandle komnqweno onzulu ngaphakathi kweNdlu yeWhite ukuba ingabacaphukisi abantu baseRussia.
Kwakhona, ukungafuni kuka-Mongameli u-Obama ukujongana no-Putin nolawulo lwakhe malunga nantoni na Siriya , Yukreyini , Ukuthumela imijukujelwa yenyukliya ecaleni kwePoland —kukuphela kwento eyakhuthaza imbila yobusi eKremlin ukuba ikhule ibe noburhalarhume ngakumbi. Ngokwala ukubhengeza ubuxoki obuyingozi baseRussia, u-Obama wakhuthaza uPutin ukuba axelele ngakumbi-kubandakanya uHillary Clinton. Oku kuphumele ekusebenzeni kobukrelekrele baseRussia obuqeshe iWikileaks njengephambili ekusasazeni ii-imeyile zeDemokhrasi ezazifunyenwe yiMoscow- njenge Ndakuxelela kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo , kunye neArhente yoKhuseleko kaZwelonke esandula ukuvuma.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, ndisazi ukuba ukubulala iinzame zethu zobuxoki eWashington kwakuza kuzala ubuxoki obuninzi eKremlin obujolise kwilizwe lethu nakwiziko lalo, ndabuza imibuzo emininzi efanelekileyo malunga nokuba kutheni iNdlu yeWhite yenze njengoko yenzayo:
Ngubani obulele iQela lokuChasana neNgcaciso kwaye ngoba? Liveze ntoni iqela ngeli xesha likho? Ibe yintoni le mveliso? Bangaphi abantu ababekhona kuyo? Ngaba iSebe likaRhulumente alikuthathi njengokuphikisana ne-Kremlin disinformation njengesixhobo sayo? Ngaba i-White House iyavuma? Kuthekani ngeBhunga lezoKhuseleko likaZwelonke? Ngaba nabani na kurhulumente wase-US ogunyaziswe ukuba enze ubuxoki buka-Putin-ukuba kunjalo, ngubani? Ukuba akunjalo, kutheni kungenjalo?
Kude kube namhla, akukho mntu uphendulileyo kule mibuzo. Iidemokhrasi zikhala ngophando lweCongressal of imisebenzi efihlakeleyo yaseRussia ephembelele unyulo lwethu kulo nyaka, kwaye ingumbono omkhulu lowo. Ekuqaleni, kufuneka bafune ukuba iNdlu yeWhite House iphendule imibuzo endandiyibuze kunyaka ophelileyo-yindawo efanelekileyo yokuqalisa nayiphi na imibuzo malunga nento engahambanga kakuhle eWashington, kwaye ngoba.
Lixesha elidlulileyo lokulahla umnqweno wokucinga kunye nokwamkela ukucaca, zeziphi iintlola ezibiza inyani yomhlaba. Ubukrelekrele baseRussia buphazamise idemokhrasi yaseMelika kulo nyaka. Ubungakanani bempembelelo yalo kunyulo lwethu kuyaxoxwa, kwaye isenokungaqondwa ngokupheleleyo iminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ityala le-disinformation yaseRussia eyonakalisa uHillary Clinton kunye neqela lakhe-ngakumbi, ukungabikho kwayo nayiphi na into ebuyayo evela eWashington, eyavumela umatshini wenkohliso waseKremlin ukuba ungene kwi-overdrive-ayixoki noDonald Trump okanye iRiphabhlikhi, kodwa noBarack Obama ngokwakhe .
Ukubhengezwa: UDonald Trump nguyisezala kaJared Kushner, umpapashi we-Braganca Media.
UJohn Schindler yingcali yezokhuseleko kunye nowayesakuba ngumhlalutyi weArhente yoKhuseleko kuZwelonke kunye negosa lobukrelekrele. Ingcali kwezobuntlola kunye nobunqolobi, ukwaligosa lomkhosi wamanzi kunye nenjingalwazi yeWar College. Upapashe iincwadi ezine kwaye uku-Twitter ku @ 20committee.
