Isakhiwo se-billionaire.
Imipu yokuvula Ipaki Avenue: Imali, Amandla kunye nephupha laseMelika bonisa indawo eyaziwayo kulo lonke uzuko lwayo lwemali: i-idling Mercedes, intombazana engenakulinganiswa kunye nabasetyhini kunye neengqungquthela zelitye le-limestone kunye ne-doormen ezimhlophe ezimiswe ngaphandle njengabalindi. Umbono uphakame kakhulu kangangokuba uphantse ube ngowelinye ilizwe- ngaba uninzi lwabantu baseMelika bangade bakwenze oku njengencopho yephupha laseMelika, kungasathethwa ke ngokufikelela kulo?
Ngumbuzo wokuba umlawuli u-Alex Gibney abuye ephinda phinda kwi-documentary yakhe malunga nomsantsa okhulayo phakathi kwezityebi kunye namahlwempu kunye nendlela owongezwe ngayo lo msantsa ziziphathamandla zezopolitiko zabemi abazizityebi kweli lizwe.
Ukukhutshwa kweendaba malunga nefilimu, eyadlalwa ngu Umjongi kwiposti engaphambili, yayilahlekisa ngenene, kodwa kuphela kwinto eyayibonisa ukuba ifilimu imalunga nayo: Iindlela ezimbini zePaki. Eli ayilo bali malunga neeklasi eziphantsi okanye eziphantsi. Kananjalo ayilo bali malunga ne-740 Park, i-Upper East Side, iSouth Bronx okanye iNew York. Ezo zinto zenzeka nje ukuba zibe ngamatye achukumisayo asemgangathweni.
Eli libali malunga nezona zityebi zityebileyo, ngokungathi kunjalo, abahlali base740 Park -isakhiwo esihlala amakhaya ezigidigidi kunaso nasiphi na esinye isakhiwo eNew York -kwaye bakwaze njani ukubanga isabelo esikhulu nesikhulu ubutyebi besizwe, okanye njengoko uMnu Gibney ebeka kwilizwi lakhe lokuvula, indlela abonwabele ngayo impumelelo engazange ibonwe ngaphambili kwinkqubo abayilawulayo.
NjengoMichael Gross, umbhali we Ipaki engama-740: Ibali leSakhiwo seNdlu esiTyebileyo seHlabathi , athe uMnumzana Gibney wathenga amalungelo, wasibhalela ngaphambili kokuwa: sobabini sinomdla ngakumbi kwi-perps kune-vics. (Umnumzana uGross ukwasebenza njengomcebisi kwifilimu kwaye wenza udliwanondlebe naye ecaleni ENew Yorker umbhali uJane Mayer, uprofesa waseYale uJacob Hacker noBruce Bartlett, umbhali-mbali kunye nomcebisi kubongameli uReagan noH. Bush, phakathi kwabanye.)
Ewe kunjalo, uxwebhu olungaqondakaliyo lufana nebali lolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nesiqwengana sobungqina obugxekayo obutyhila izenzo ezihlazo ezenziwe ngabaphathi bendalo iphela kwinkonzo yokuqokelela ithamsanqa nokuba sele benalo.
Ubuncinci, libali lolwaphulo-mthetho elibaliswa ziintloko ezithethayo. Le ayiyomiboniso bhanyabhanya enomdla ebantwini-ngokuyinxalenye njengento eyimfuneko. Akukho namnye kumadoda kwiziko lefilimu-abazalwana bakaKoch, uStephen Schwarzman, uJohn Thain, uSen. Chuck Schumer okanye uPaul Ryan ovumile kudliwanondlebe. Ubukho babo kwiscreen bukhawulelwe kwiividiyo ezigciniweyo ezivela kwizidlo sangokuhlwa nakwiindibano kunye nengcaciso yelizwi ngaphezulu kwengcali. Kwaye noMnumzana Gibney akazange akwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo esidumileyo.
Sifumana umbono kwiiholo ezingcwalisiweyo (okanye ubuncinci kwigumbi lokungenisa) le-740 Park sibulela umntu owayesakuba ngumnyango, othetha ngokungqina utshintsho olothusayo kubantwana bezityebi: njengabantwana abancinci bahlekisa kwaye babelana ngokukhethekileyo -ihlanu nabasebenzi, kodwa phakathi kweminyaka eli-12 ukuya kweli-15 ubudala, bavale ngokupheleleyo, belingisa indawo epholileyo yabazali. Kwakhona, uDavid Koch ubiza ixabiso eliphantsi ngokumangalisayo, enika oonogada ababedla ngokulayisha iimoto zakhe ezibophele iiHamptons ngeebhegi ezinzima itsheki engama- $ 50 ukuphela konyaka.
Awu, Mnu. Gibney usebenzisa ii-anecdotes ukubethelela enye yeempikiswano zakhe, ezixhaswe luphononongo luka-UC Berkeley unjingalwazi uPaul Piff: ukuba ubutyebi butshabalalisa uvelwano. Umbuzo wokuba kutheni abantu abazizityebi beziphatha ngendlela abaziphethe ngayo, kwaye kutheni beziva isidingo sokubanga ubutyebi obuninzi, ngumbuzo onzima (kwaye onomdla) ofuna uhlolo olunzulu. Kananjalo, yenye ifilimu ekufuneka eyikhankanyile xa edlula okanye eshiye yedwa. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ubutyebi bunako kwaye buza nelungelo, kodwa njengoko uMnu Gross esitsho ngelinye ixesha, abanye abantu bangamadick nje.
Ifilimu ibandakanya uhambo lokuya kwiindawo zokutya eSouth Bronx naseWisconsin, udliwanondlebe nosonontlalontle omncinci ethetha malunga nokuba ithuba lokuqala okanye ukungabikho kwalo kuqala ukwenza ubomi kunye neefotoli ezininzi zabantu abahlwempuzekileyo abakhangeleka bengabahlali baseBronx, kodwa konke oku uziva ngathi unxiba iifestile xa ususa ezantsi entliziyweni yefilimu.
Umnumzana Gibney ngokucacileyo unomdla wokubonisa indlela abantu abazizityebi belizwe abawugqibe ngayo umdlalo, kungekuphela nje ukubanga isabelo esingenakulinganiswa sobutyebi besizwe ngezixhobo ezinjengexabiso lerhafu yenzala, kodwa besebenzisa obo butyebi ukuxhasa ngemali amaqela kunye nabagqatswa abaye kwaye inkulu iphumelele ukuguqula udidi olwehlayo oluphakathi ngokuchasene nabanethamsanqa, imibutho yabasebenzi kunye nomnye nomnye. Ukufezekiswa kokugqibela yeyona mpi inkulu iphumeleleyo kwipesenti enye emva kwengxaki yemali. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukudodobala koqoqosho okukhulu kwaqala ngomsindo kubantu ababawayo abangoovimba bezemali kunye nabaxhasi bezemali abangoongantweni, kodwa ngandlel 'ithile batshintsha baba nomsindo kootitshala ababawayo kunye nabathengi bamakhaya abakumgangatho ophakathi abakhohlakeleyo.
Kwaye ngelixa iziphumo zolonyulo lwamva nje ubuncinci zingqina ukuba imali iyiyo ukuya into ethatha isigqibo, hayi i Ukuthatha isigqibo kunyulo lukamongameli, kunciphisa impikiswano kaMnu. Gibney kancinci, wenza ityala elinyanzelisayo lokuba ukungalingani kuphazamise idemokhrasi kwaye ukuba amaxhoba okungalingani akubandakanyi kuphela abo bazifumana bekwindawo ekhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa iphupha laseMelika ngokwalo.
kvelsey@observer.com
