UWoody Guthrie: Ubomi obusondeleyo NguGustavus Stadler.Unombombiya Iqhawe elithethayo laseMelika, uWoody Guthrie wabhala lo Mhlaba liLizwe lakho phakathi kwezinye iingoma ezingenakubalwa kunye nokusebenzisana. Uyakhunjulwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengomntu ojikelezayo, onobungqingili, obhala ngokubhala lo matshini ubulala ama-fascists kwikatala yakhe. Kulula ukuba makhulu kunamanani obomi ukuze abe ziimpawu, ukubaluleka kwazo okungumfuziselo ocacisa iinyani zeminyaka yabo yokuphila. Ukanti, ngophando olutsha kuWoody Guthrie e-Haverford College unjingalwazi woncwadi lwaseMelika uGustavus Stadler ngobomi obubalulekileyo UWoody Guthrie: Ubomi obusondeleyo , umntu ufumana ubunzulu obukhulu kunye nobunzima kwindoda onokuthi uyiqwalasele intsomi ngokungafaniyo noJohnny Appleseed.
Ngombulelo kwimvuselelo yezopolitiko ezihamba phambili, uWoody Guthrie ubuyile emgceni. Njengokuba kufanelekile njengangaphambili, ukudibanisa ubugcisa kunye nezopolitiko, uGuthrie wade wanikela amagqabantshintshi ngotata kaTrump-owayengumnini-ndlu waseBrooklyn-ngaphaya kwengcwaba xa ingoma yakhe ebizwa ngokuba yi-Old Man Trump yavela kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ukuzibandakanya okutsha kunye nomculi kuvula ukubonakala kweendlela ezintsha kwi-folksinger. UWoody Guthrie: Ubomi obusondeleyo Uvavanya icala lomzimba kunye nelobuqu lendoda esemva kwentsomi. Ukujonga ngaphaya kokubhadula kwamadoda kungaphazanyiswa ziingqungquthela zentlalo ezinxulunyaniswa nekhaya, umsebenzi, usapho uStadler ugxile kubomi bexesha elide likaGuthrie kunye nokuqaqamba kwemizimba, ngokuzimisela kwabo ukuza bengacwangciswanga kwaye bengenziwanga, ngemfuno yabo yoncedo, inkathalo kunye nokulungiswa.
Incwadi ivula ngo-1942 ngomzuzu osengozini ekwabelwana ngawo nguGuthrie kunye nomdanisi wale mihla (kunye nomfazi wesibini wexesha elizayo kaGuthrie) uMarjorie Mazia. Ekuziqhelaniseni nomdlalo owadibanisa ubuchwephesha kunye nokwenziwa kweengoma zesintu zaseMelika kunye neengcaphuno ezivela kwiimbongi ezinje ngeCarl Sandburg, uGuthrie wazifumana sele ephuma kwitempile. Ngovelwano olukhulu, uMasia ungenelele ekwenzeni imikhwa kunye neendlela ezimfutshane zokunceda uGuthrie. Lo mzekelo wentsebenziswano yokwenyani ubangele unxibelelwano lobomi bonke, kodwa nento uStadler ayibiza ngokuba sisenzo sokusondelelana, into engacelwanga kodwa efuneka kakhulu yokhathalelo ngomzuzu wokungancedi.
Sebenzisa le ndawo yokungena, i-Stadler pivots kude nemifanekiso ye-archetypical esidibana nayo neGuthrie ukugxila kwindoda ezinikele kwintetho emsulwa kunye nemvakalelo. Ekuvukeni koloyiko lwasemva kwemfazwe ngenxa yobukomanisi, uGuthrie wayengumntu owayengakholelwa kubusoshiyali njengenkqubo yezopolitiko, kodwa nanjengoko wayefuna ukuba noxanduva kwezentlalo kunye nokuzinikela. U-Stadler ubhala, Wayengumntu onomdla wokucinga ukuba kunjani emhlabeni- ngento esenza sizive silungile (ukusondela kwabanye, ukwabelana ngeemfihlo nabo, ukulala nabo) kwaye yintoni esenza sizive sibi (okungekho sikweni kunye ukungalingani, kodwa kunye neentloni, ukuthukwa, ukuhlala wedwa kubantu obathandayo). Lo Guthrie wayengumculi ngeendlela ezininzi-umculo, ivesi kunye neprose, fiction, peyinti-ongakhange abeke umntu ngokuchasene nezopolitiko. 
UGustavus Stadler.
Esikhundleni sokusebenza njengesiqhelo somlando, i-biografi egunyazisiweyo, i-biography ka-Stadler iyangqubana apho umsebenzi kaGuthrie unqumama nabanye ngeemvakalelo ezisusela kwihlazo kunye nokuzikhusela, inkanuko kunye nokunqwenela, ukuthamba kunye nosizi. U-Stadler ucinezela iminyaka yobomi bukaGuthrie ngaphambi kokudibana nenkosikazi yakhe yesibini uMarjorie Mazia ukuze akwazi ukuvavanya ngokupheleleyo ifuthe lokudibana kwabo. Ubophelelo lwabo lusindile kwimitshato abayilahlayo omnye komnye kwaye bade baphile nemitshato yabo. Ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi, uGuthrie wabhala kwaye wapapasha ikhathalogu ebanzi yomculo kunye nenoveli yobomi bakhe, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe omninzi awuzange wenziwe wazi esidlangalaleni. Njengobungqina, i-albhamu kaBilly Bragg / Wilco I-Avenue yeMermaid, eyenziwe ngamazwi abhalwe nguGuthrie kwaye afakwa kumculo nguBragg noWilco, kubonisa ukuba la mazwi afunyenweyo ayingomsebenzi mncinci-nje ngokulula wawungangqinelani namaxesha awayebhalwe ngawo.
Okanye ngaba babekade bengabantu, bekhangela? Ukongeza kwiincwadi ezingagqitywanga kunye neengoma, uGuthrie wayengumbhaleli obalaseleyo. Iileta ezabhalwa nguGuthrie Mazia- kunye nabanye abantu basetyhini, ezikhokelele ekubanjweni okungamanyala-bezizezesondo ngokucacileyo, zinomdla kwaye zikhangela. Ngamaxesha athile, baqalisa ukuba ngamaphupha, kodwa bahlala benyanisekile kwinyaniso uGuthrie efumaneke ngokunyaniseka emzimbeni.
UGuthrie wafuna ukwenza ubomi bakhe babucala ukuba ibe yindawo yokulungisa kunokuba ibe yindawo yokubaleka okanye yokusetyenziswa. UStadler uqinisekisa ukuba uGuthrie ubuze ukuba kunokwenzeka ukucinga ngeendlela ezintsonkothileyo malunga nendlela umhlaba esizenzela wona, kubudlelwane bethu nabanye, onokuthi usebenze ngakumbi kwezopolitiko? Ukufumana kwakhona umothuko kubonise uGuthrie indlela entsha yokuqonda ezopolitiko. Ubulungisa yayingumzabalazo oqhubekekayo awaphendulayo ngezenzo. U-Guthrie wasokola ukuqonda ukuba yintoni evuselela inzondo kayise kunye needemon ezazikhathaza usapho lwakhe kunye nokubonakala komlilo okwathatha udadewabo ubomi emva koko intombi yakhe uCathy Ann kwaye waphantse wathabatha nobomi bukayise.
I-Stadler izisa ubungqongqo kunye nokufunda ngokusondeleyo kwezifundo ezibandakanyeke ngokunzulu kwizifundo ezikhulayo kunye ne-19thkunye nama-20thIincwadi zaseMelika zenkulungwane. Ukanti yayingengomculo nje okanye intsomi eyatsala uStadler kwisifundo sakhe. Ukuthetha noMqwalaseli ngomnxeba, uStadler walanda umdla wakhe eGuthrie ngomdla wakhe kuBob Dylan (uGuthrie wayengumcebisi wakhe) kunye nothando lukayise ongasekhoyo uGuthrie. Ukufunda i-biology kaJoe Klein yowe-1980 kaGuthrie, uStadler wothuswa yindlela amanyala kaGuthrie kunye nokutyeba kwezesondo kwafunyanwa njengeempawu zesifo sikaHuntington. Waqonda ukuba amanye amaphepha kaGuthrie okulaliswa kwakhe esibhedlele eGreystone Park Hospital ayegcinwe kwiKholeji yaseSwarthmore ekufuphi. Ukusuka apho, wenza uphando oluthe kratya kwiindawo zokugcina ezisemthethweni ezazibekwe eMount Cisco, eNew York.
Ukungena kolu phando ngaphandle kokulindelweyo, utshilo uStadler, ndiye ndancamathela kwindawo yogcino ngoko nangoko ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuqala, 'Kulungile, ndiza kubhala inqaku malunga noku.' Kwaye emva kokuphela kosuku lwesibini ndichithe apho ndacinga, 'ndibhala incwadi.'
Emangaliswe yinto ayifumeneyo, amanqaku kaStadler, Zininzi izinto eziphathekayo, zininzi izinto ezintle zobugcisa. Kukho iijenali ezinkulu apho apeyinta khona ukubhala kwakhe Kukho iileta zothando, kwaye zininzi iileta zesini nazo kwaye zininzi ngabantwana. Ngokukhawuleza ufumana le ngqondo yomntu owahluke mpela kwinto, ndicinga ukuba, yeyona nto iqhelekileyo yokukhulelwa kwakhe, okanye yintoni emenze ukuba abe ngumqondiso. UGuthrie uvela njengoyena mntu usengozini kakhulu.
Ngaphambi kokufunda le ncwadi, bendizakucinga ukuba umculo ngumjelo nje wezopolitiko kuGuthrie. Ngoku, ndingathi uGuthrie wayezinikele kwingcamango ephezulu yobusoshiyali njengomanyano. UStadler ubhala, KwiGuthrie, ukusondelelana kwakuyindawo apho abantu babesenza amandla omnye komnye. Ngaphaya kwelo nqanaba, kwincoko, uStadler wongeza, Okukhona ndibhaptizwa [kwizixhobo zikaGuthrie], kokukhona ndabona ukuba kukho into ethandekayo ngendlela awayezimisele ngayo ukuba izinto zenzeke. Njengombono wokuba mhlawumbi lo mdanisi wasetyhini unomdla ngokwenyani kwezopolitiko okanye ngokungabi yinto eqhelekileyo ngale ndlela kuba ubudlelwane nabantu buhlala buthanda ubu-orthodox. Yile drive yokulandela unxibelelwano olukhokelela kuye ngendlela endicinga ukuba iqonga lezopolitiko elikwisinye alizange lenze.
Kuyo yonke le ncwadi, uStadler ufumana amaxesha apho i-Guthrie iyanzima khona inkcubeko yaseMelika (iingoma zabantu, iinoveli, ngobomi bakhe, intetho yezopolitiko) ngokubeka ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla ombuso kunye nobona bunzulu bokusondelelana kwengqondo. Ngokuhlola kwakhe iintloni njengomthombo wolwazi kunye nokuchasana, uGuthrie wayephambi kwexesha lakhe. Emva kwexesha, njengoko umzimba wakhe oxhwalekileyo waqala ukumngcatsha kwaye kwakhona xa waphawulwa njengonxaxhileyo, uGuthrie waqala ukubona amava okwexeshana njengokuqonda okunzulu koluntu kwaye wanika enye indlela yokulungelelanisa. U-Stadler ubhala Waqala ukuqonda ukuba 'eqhelekileyo' yayingaphantsi kwengqondo eqhelekileyo kunendlela yokugcina ulwakhiwo lwamandla. Ukuthatha ixesha ngokubhala abanye abaye bakugxotha njengemveliso yokugula, uStadler akavuli nje kuphela ukuqonda kwethu ngeGuthrie, kodwa nomsebenzi wokutshintsha umbono woluntu ngokusondelelana, ukunyaniseka ngokweemvakalelo, kunye nonyango kunye nolwimi olujikeleze ukugula kunye nokukhubazeka.
Ngokubhala kukaStadler, ukubhala incwadi wanikezela ngesimo kunye nenjongo. Ubonakalisa, Into ethile malunga noovimba ikhulule ingqondo yam yobufundisi, okanye wayenza yantle. Ndifuna ngokwenene ukunikela umntu okanye ndenze umzobo wento eyayingapeyintwanga ngaphambili. Kwangelo xesha, bendinomdla wokuchaphazela ithiyori, ebisaziwa kakhulu, kwaye bendizama ukucinga ngendlela obhala ngayo ngendlela enxibelelana nefuthe kunokuba uyichaze? Kwaye ucinga ukuba ikhona indawo yaloo nto? I-Stadler ibona ukuphazamiseka kokwakha ithiyori ejikeleze imvakalelo xa uzama ukusebenza kude nokucinga okuqhelekileyo. Ugxila endaweni yomceli mngeni wokubhala incwadi apho, nokuba ibiyimfundo, ibinengxoxo ethi ngokuthe ngcembe ithathe imo ngaphandle kovakalelo lomfundi njengongenelelo. Le ngcaciso ngobomi ayiboneleli ngemifanekiso emitsha kuphela yeGuthrie, kodwa ikwaye ithathe inxaxheba kwiprojekthi ebanzi nengxamisekileyo — indlela yokuzibonakalisa eguquka phakathi kwexesha lokudlalela abanye ekulandeleni utshintsho eluntwini. UWoody Guthrie: Ubomi obusondeleyo Icinga kwakhona ilivo laseMelika kwaye lenze indawo yokuhlola ngokweemvakalelo kunye nobudlelwane obuqinisekileyo.
