UStan Lee.UGerald Martineau / IWashington Post ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso kaGetty Ukulungiswa kweAttic
Umnakwethu mdala kum kuneminyaka emihlanu. Ngolo hlobo lokwahluka kweminyaka, uphela uzuza ilifa lezinto ezininzi, ukusuka kwimpahla yokundithobisa ngesandla ukuya kwiithoyi ezindala, kunye nezinto ezithile zenkcubeko. Izinto abazithandayo kunye nomdla wabo ukondla kwangoko. Kufana nokuba uzalwe kwinyani eyenziwe kwangaphambili. Ngokuqinisekileyo ndazalelwa kwingqokelela yakhe yamahlaya.
Sayigcina eluphahleni, yafumba ngakwiishelufa zodonga olusemazantsi. Njengoko ikhula ngokuthozamileyo, yaqhubeka ifakwa kwiibhokisi zekhadibhodi, ngokungathi ubona kwiivenkile ezihlekisayo. Kwanangaphambi kokuba ndifunde ngokwenene, ndandinomdla kubo. Kodwa ayibikho ngokungathi zizinto ezithile ezingavumelekanga ukuba azifihle phaya phezulu ukuze ndingonakalisi-umntakwethu wayehlala enochulumanco lokwabelana nam. Undibonisile izinto azithandayo kwaye wandifundisa ukuba ndizinyamekele njani. Wayechulumancile ukundizisa kwihlabathi lakhe alithandayo kuba wayengenabo abanye abantu abaninzi awayenokuthetha ngabo. Kungenxa yokuba ii-comics zazingavunyelwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo: Khange ndiqonde ukuba zifihlwe kwigumbi eliphezulu kuba zazithathwa njengezichasene nokuphola.
I-80s yayingelilo ixesha elifanelekileyo kwezi ndawo ze-dorky. Umntakwethu wayengumdlali osakhulayo webhola ekhatywayo, engazithembanga kwaye elangazelela ukwamkeleka njengaye nawuphi na umntwana. Kwaye ke ukuthanda kwakhe iihlaya (kunye neDungeons kunye neDragons), kwahlulwa kwaye kwahlukaniswa. Nditsho ndikhumbula ndingavunyelwa ukuba ndithethe ngabo nabantwana abambalwa ababenabantakwabo abadala kunaye. Kodwa olo loyiko lwaluthelekiswa kuphela nemincili yakhe. Konke kwaba yinxalenye yelizwe elithile eliyimfihlo-elinye lizele ngamabali kunye namandla kunye neziganeko ezingaphaya komlinganiso. Kwaye ukuba ingqokelela yokuhlekisa yayiyinto yendalo yam yokuqonda, ngokunjalo noStan Lee.
Rhuma kwiNcwadana yeendaba yoMbonisi
Wayengumqambishelana, ewe, uninzi lwayo. Sele usazi isiphithiphithi, kodwa siyathetha ngeSigcawu-Ndoda, Ezine eziBalaseleyo, iBlack Panther, iX-Men, Indoda yentsimbi, iTor, i-Incredible Hulk, uGqirha Strange, u-Ant-Man, uDaredevil (kukhuselekile ukuthi apho bebeqala kakubi ngakumbi). Kwaye ndafunda kwaye ndibathanda bonke. Nangona ndiza kuthi ndinobudlelwane obuthile beqela langaphandle / iqela le-X-Men (kwaye ndiya kuvuma uthando lwam olukhulu lweHulk ikakhulu luvela kumdlalo weBill Bixby TV).
Kwanangoko, kwakubonakala ngathi uStan Lee ukho kuyo yonke indawo. Ukusuka kwiindibano ukuya kudliwanondlebe lweTV, wayehlala ekhawuleza ukuba yintloko ethetha ngayo nayiphi na iprojekthi, ubuso obubonakalayo kumzi mveliso weehlaya ongenakubonakala kakhulu. Heck, wayenayo ne-cameo ebalulekileyo ngo-1995 IiMallrats -Umzuzu oya kuthi ngokwesiprofetho uqhubeke ube yinxalenye yelifa elihlala lihleli le-cameo yakhe ekuyo yonke indawo kwi-Marvel Cinematic Universe. Kwaye njengendibano yendalo yakhe, njengoComikaze, udumo lwakhe lwanxibelelana ne-comic-dom uqobo.
Leyo yayiyitalente yakhe.
UStan Lee wayehlala enesakhono sokuzenza intloko yezinto. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, wemka ekuloleni iipensile waya kusebenza njengomhleli wethutyana kwii-Comics ezifika ngexesha eneminyaka eyi-19. Emva kokusebenza emfazweni, wasebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwii-50s zonke ngaphambi kokuba anikwe impendulo yenkampani kubachasi babo abangaphezulu I-DC Comics, eyayiphumelele mega kunye neqela le-Justice League. Ke xa exelelwa ukuba enze iqela lakhe, uStan Lee wadibana noJack Kirby, uSteve Ditko, uLarry Lieber kunye nabanye ubunzima ukuze benze abalinganiswa abazalele iMarvel kuphela, kodwa yonke iminyaka yesilivere yamahlaya. Kwiziko lendalo iphela yayiyifilosofi awayethetha ngayo uLee ngokungapheliyo: amaqhawe abo ngekhe agqibelele, imiphefumlo yokusika ikuki. Babeza kuba neengxaki zabantu. Baya kusilela. Amabali abo aya kuba mnandi kodwa asekwe kwilizwe lokwenyani. Ngokwalo mbono wento elizakuba yiyo ihlabathi, yayisisibhengezo. Kwaye indalo yabo iya kuba yimpumelelo evusayo.
Kodwa isikhundla sikaLee nefuthe lakhe ngekhe libe njengombambi-mbono kuphela. Kwaye kwasekuqaleni, wayenetalente yokunyusa kunye nokufumana uvuyo lweeMidlalo ezihlekisayo emhlabeni. Olu nyuso, ewe, luhamba nosaziwayo wakhe kunye nokunxulumana nophawu. Le yayiyindoda eyayinebhokisi yesepha ngokoqobo. Ngokukrakra-yayibizwa ngokuba yi-Stan's Soapbox kwaye yayibaleka iminyaka ngasemva kwii-comics abaziprintileyo. Rhoqo ibhengeza ukhuphiswano okanye ukunyuselwa, kodwa ngeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo, ibonise ukubongoza okunentsingiselo kwamalungelo oluntu nokunyamezelana. Kwaye emva kokuba ixesha elide libalekile njengomhleli lifikelele esiphelweni, bekuphantse ngokungathi uLee ngoku ukhululekile ukuba abe ngumboniso osisigxina, ongunozakuzaku we-Marvel kuphela, kodwa ohlekisayo. Wenze lo msebenzi ngamandla kunye nothando, ngakumbi njengoko iimuvi zanceda ekungeniseni ixesha elitsha lokuthandwa ngabantu. Kukule ndawo athe ngandlel 'ithile waba ngoyisemkhulu othanda u-blockbuster. Kwaye ngoku, le yindlela acingelwa ngayo kakhulu. Kodwa ukuncoma kwam uStan Lee kunzima ngakumbi kunoko. Kuba awukwazi ukuthetha ngoStan Lee…
Ngaphandle kokuthetha ngabantu abashiye ekuvukeni kwakhe.
Umphefumlo kunye neNgxabano
Ndiza kuyithetha ngokucacileyo: UJack Kirby lelinye lamagorha am.
Ndiye ndahlala ndithetha ngaye naliphi na ithuba endinokulifumana. Ngethamsanqa, ngekhe uthethe ngobomi bukaStan Lee ngaphandle kokuthetha ngoJack Kirby. Kuya kufana nokubhala ngoPaul McCartney ngaphandle kokukhankanya uJohn Lennon (kwaye ukuba siza kusondeza isikweko, oko kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwenza abaxhasi bamahlaya u-Ditko no-Lieber waseGeorge no-Ringo). UKirby wayengumntu onamandla. Igruff. Ukunyusa. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa iswiti engaqhelekanga. Kuninzi okwenziweyo malunga neemvakalelo zomntu onzima. U-Kirby akazange asebenze emfazweni kuphela, wayekwi-infantry kwaye esemhlabeni e-Omaha Beach kwiiveki emva kwe-D-Day. Wazibandakanya kwimishini enobungozi emangalisayo kwaye wenza iimephu zeAllies. Wada wakhulula neenkampu zoxinaniso.
UKirby uthwale iintlungu kunye nobunzima baloo mava aya phambili, ngokuhlala enamandla obulungisa. Xa iincoko malunga nokubetha ngenqindi kwamaNazi zisandula kuvela ezindabeni, igama likaKirby lahlala likhankanywa ikakhulu kwizicatshulwa zakhe ezinje, Ekuphela kwezopolitiko endandizazi yayikukuba ukuba umntu uyamthanda uHitler, ndiza kumbetha kwaye oko kuya makube njalo. Le yayiyinto eyavavanywa kwibali elidumileyo lamaNazi okwenyani abonisa iiofisi ukuba acele umngeni kuKirby ukuba alwele konke oko kuthetha izinto ngazo ngeencwadi zakhe. Umlo wamanqindi ophumeleleyo, uKirby wasonga imikhono yakhe wehla waya kufumanisa ukuba sele besasazekile. Iphantse yalungela kakhulu indoda eyadala uCaptain America. Kodwa kukwisiqingatha sebali kuphela. 
UJack Kirby.ISuzy Skaar / iMyuziyam yaseKirby
Ngenxa yokuba umphefumlo kaKirby wawuyinxalenye ye-equation. Wayeyindoda eyayikholelwa ukuba, ubomi yeyona nto imnandi ikrakra. Le ndoda isebenze ngokungakhathali kumabali abangela ubukumkani obumangalisayo, ngokufuthi ngendlela ebimbophelela edesikeni yakhe. Wayengumculi omangalisayo ongakhange enze nje ukubonakala kwayo yonke into esiyaziyo nesiyithandayo, kodwa wayeyincutshe yokubalisa amabali, enesiphiwo sokubhala abalinganiswa abanesizungu esinzulu kunye nokudandatheka. Ngelixa uStan Lee ngamanye amaxesha wayenokubonakala ngathi nguRed Richards, ugqityiweyo onentloko yakhe emafini, uKirby wayefaniswa noBen Grimm, Into. I-gruff, eyedwa, erhabaxa umntu onobumnene obabumangalisa kuphela kubantu abangakwaziyo ukujonga ngaphaya komphezulu. Iiarcs zakhe zivelise awona mabali abalulekileyo ahlekisayo, ikakhulu, ibali leendaba laseGalactus kwiZine eziQhelekileyo, enye yeengcinga ezingcono ngokubaluleka koluntu kunye nomongo wovelwano. Ukuba u-Lee wayengumboniso we-comic Marvel, uJack Kirby wayengumphefumlo. Injini. Umlilo. Khetha isikweko sakho. Wayeyinto yonke ngenene.
Kwaye akazange alufumane uzuko olumfaneleyo.
Kukho iingxoxo zexesha elide malunga nokuba ngoobani nyani idale bonke abalinganiswa abakhohlakeleyo, kwaye andizanga apha ukuphikisana ngenye indlela okanye enye. Rhoqo kwiimeko zentsebenziswano yokuyila, yinkqubo yokubuyela umva naphambili. Uninzi lwexesha awunakukhumbula nokuba ngubani owenze ntoni, uzama nje ukuguqula izimvo ezingapheliyo zibe zezilungileyo. Ukuba ubandakanyeka kuhlobo lwenkqubo yokuyila ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo, uphuhlisa amandla athile okusebenza. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngaphakathi kwalawo mandla uziva ngathi awufumani ngokwaneleyo ityala okanye uxabiso, imali okanye enye into.
Siyazi ukuba oku kuyinyani ekusebenzisaneni kukaKirby noLee kuba uKirby watsho njalo… rhoqo. Bayazi nokuba basebenze kakuhle kunye, kodwa lo mbandela awunakunceda kodwa uqhubeke nokuchitheka. Iingxabano zesivumelwano rhoqo sikaKirby zazingengomvuzo nje kuphela, kodwa nokuba wayenelungelo lokumangalela abalinganiswa / indalo / ubunini. Idabi lakhe lokuzama ukufumana amalungelo kuCaptain America lithetha ngokubanzi ngobunzima awayezama ukubuthetha. Kwaye kwiziko lokuninzi kwayo yayingumgaqo-nkqubo ozenzekelayo kaStan Lee ukuba abe ngumhleli kodwa azidwelise njengombhali kunye noKirby njengomculi nokuba kwenzeka ntoni na kwinkqubo.
Ayikuko ukuba nabani na ebefuna ukucaphukisa uKirby. Akazange afumane igama lesidlaliso uKumkani wamahlaya ngengozi. Kodwa xa uKirby watyhalela emva ngokungaguquguqukiyo engakufumani oko wayekuthenjisiwe, kwaye wavakalisa ukudana ngokuhlala kufuneka adlale ifiddle yesibini kwaye enze wonke umsebenzi njengoko uStan Lee wayephumile njengomatshini wokuthengisa, ejongwa luluntu njengengqondo, yona batya eKirby-de kwafika apho uKirby wathi kwanele, saza satsiba inqanawa yaya e-DC ngoo-70s (nangona kwakuzakubakho imizamo yexeshana yoxolelwaniso). Yintoni le ikhanyise ngokuthe ngqo? Ewe, ukubhala kukaKirby koothixo abatsha, awayesele enegama lakhe, kwakuyinto entle kakhulu. Kwaye umsebenzi kaLee ngaphandle Iingqondi ezinje ngoKirby noDitko (oshiye iMarvel emva kokuphambana no-Lee ngo-1966)? Ewe… ibincinci.
Ayisiyonkqonkqozo ekubhaleni kukaLee. Wayesoloko enobukrelekrele kwaye ingakumbi elungile kwincoko. Kungenxa yokuba akukho nzima ukubona ukuba uKirby wayezisa uhlobo lwento, kunye nombono omangalisayo, wokuhlola indawo yonke. Xa ndithetha ngoo-Lee no-Kirby feuds, kukho abalandeli be-Marvel abangathandi ukuyiva, kuba ingathi umama notata bayalwa. Njengokuba kukho abalandeli bakaKirby abanokujonga kuphela uLee ngombane onobuhlungu. Kodwa ke kunjalo kunzima ngakumbi kunoko. Kwaye mhlawumbi kungathandeki kangako. Ndimele nje ndithethe ngoJack Kirby kuba usisithunzi selifa likaStan Lee.
Ndiyathetha ngaye kuba andifuni silibale.
Ndiyathetha ngaye kuba amabali abhalwa ngokutsha, ngakumbi xa abo basindileyo babalisa amabali ngabo. Ndiyenza kuba siphila kwihlabathi apho abantu bacinga ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba uStan Lee uzenzele ngokwakhe kwaye mhlawumbi uKirby wayenguMculi nje. Kodwa okwangoku, kukho isizathu sokuba kwi-comic Marvel, xa abalinganiswa benombono okanye ukusebenzisana noThixo, kuyilelwe emva kukaJack Kirby.
Inxalenye yento ethintela ukuba loo mfanekiso ungabalulekanga kukuba uJack Kirby omkhulu wasweleka ngo-1994. Akuninzi kangangokuba akazange afike enze ii-cameo zakhe ezinyanzelekileyo. Kungenxa yokuba akazange abone indalo yakhe ithatha ngokupheleleyo indawo yenkcubeko yepop. Khange abone mikhosi yabantwana bekhohlisa-okanye bephatha kwizinxibo azenzileyo. Akazange abone indlela ahlekisayo ngayo eyahluka ngakumbi, indlela awayehlala efuna ngayo. Khange abone indlela amabali akhe anokubaliswa ngayo kwaye ahlasele. Wahlala ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuba abone ixesha lokuba abantwana bafihle iincwadi zabo ze-comic kwi-attic ngenxa yoloyiko. Wayefanele ukuba ngcono, kodwa, njengoko watshoyo: ubomi ngeyona ndlela imnandi.
Ilifa Elingapheliyo
Ukugqibela kwam ukubona uStan Lee ngobuqu wayekubhiyozela i-D23 2017, xa wafumana imbasa yeDisney Legends. Wafika eqongeni ndaye ndothuka xa into yokuqala awayenzayo yayikukuchaza indlela awayonwabe ngayo kukuba kukho irhafu kuJack Kirby kwividiyo (nangona uKirby ekhankanywe nje ngokufutshane) ngaphambi kokubhengeza ngokuvakalayo kufanelekile!
Amazwi akhe abetha kancinci cwaka. Mhlawumbi abantu khange bakubambe nokukhankanywa. Okanye mhlawumbi wonke umntu wayecinga ngayo, njengoko ndandinjalo. Kungenxa yokuba okuninzi njengoko uStan Lee ethetha, kwaye uthetha kakhulu, phantse akaze athethe ngomsebenzi weqabane lakhe lakudala. Ke njengokuba eso sibhengezo singxolayo sakhala endlebeni yam, ndakhumbula kwangoko ndicinga ngethoni yelizwi likaLee. Ingathi ngamanye amaxesha uva umntu ozama ukuziqinisekisa ngesitetimenti abasenzayo ngomzuzu abawenzayo-iingxelo owaziyo zinamathoni okuzisola, ubutyala, kunye nokuzama ukuzithengisa kanye umbono. Konke ukuze uxhomeke kwinkolelo yokuba ixesha elifutshane lokuhlonela lanele, ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke ubalise ibali lakho.
Inyaniso kukuba xa ndicinga ngoStan Lee, andicingi ngoStan Lee. Ndicinga ngalo lonke ibali. Ndicinga ngokuhlekisa ngokwabo. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto ebeyifuna ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ukuba negama lakhe lifane nomzi mveliso uphela, kodwa oko kukwathetha ukuba ndiza kucinga ngeli shishini. Ndiza kuqala ndicinge ngoKirby noDitko kunye nabasebenzisana nabo abancedileyo ekwenzeni ikhondo lomsebenzi wakhe. Kanye njengoko ndizakucinga ngoBob Kane kunye nabanye oothixo booyise ovela komnye umvakalisi. Kanye njengokuba ndizakucinga ngoMarjane Satrapi, uBrian K. Vaughan noKate Beaton, abasandikhuthazayo nanamhlanje. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uStan Lee unokuba ngumbonisi wonke umntu owaziyo kwaye amkhumbulayo, kodwa kuloo ndawo indala inothuli wayeyindoda eyandincedayo ndafumana amanye amagama endiwathandayo. Yayingamandla akhe lawo.
Nokuba yeyiphi na ingxoxo enokuphakanyiswa, uLee wayesengumdibaniselwano wezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwiimpawu zenkcubeko ye pop ngalo lonke ixesha (kwaye njengangoku, eyona inenzuzo). Kodwa xa sijonga konke, ndishiyekile ukuba ndizibuze ukuba kutheni uninzi lwee-obits zakhe lusilele ukubandakanya iingxelo zokuziphatha gwenxa ngokwesondo (ezenzeke kutsha nje ngo-2017), kanye njengokuba bengathethi ngokuxhatshazwa kwabantu abadala Ndizama ukumkhohlisa kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Ezi zinto zinokuba nzima kwilifa, kodwa ukuthetha ngezi ngxaki kuyinxalenye kunye nenxalenye yabalinganiswa abathembekileyo awayefuna ukubadala. Kwaye naphakathi kwalo lonke ugcino lwam, ndifuna ukuba le ndoda iqondwe njengoko yayinjalo. Kukho konke ukungaqiniseki kwam, uStan Lee wayengeyena nje umboniso omkhulu, kodwa wayeyindoda enenjongo. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba le Bhokisi yeSepha yeStan ifika entliziyweni ye-ethos yakhe (kwaye mhlawumbi ubugcisa uqobo) mhlawumbi bhetele kunenye into:
Amaxesha ngamaxesha sifumana iileta ezivela kubafundi abazibuza ukuba kutheni kukho isimilo esikhulu kwimags zethu. Bathatha iintlungu ezinkulu ukubonisa ukuba ii-comics kufanele ukuba zifunde ukubaleka kwaye akukho nto iyenye. Kodwa ngandlela thile, andiboni njalo. Kubonakala kum ukuba ibali elingenamyalezo, nangona kunjalo lingaphantsi, lifana nendoda engenamphefumlo. Ngapha koko, kwanezona ncwadi zisasazwayo kuzo zonke — iintsomi zakudala namabali obugorha — zazinemilinganiselo yokuziphatha nentanda-bulumko. Kuzo zonke iikholeji zekholeji apho ndingathetha khona, zininzi iingxoxo zemfazwe noxolo, amalungelo oluntu, kunye nokuthiwa yimvukelo yolutsha njengoko kukho iimags zethu zeMarvel nganye. Akukho namnye kuthi uhlala kwindawo engenamntu — akukho namnye kuthi ongafumanekiyo ziziganeko zemihla ngemihla ezisingqongileyo- izehlo ezibumba amabali ethu njengoko zibumba ubomi bethu. Ngokuqinisekileyo amabali ethu anokubizwa ngokuba yi-escapist-kodwa into eyonwabisayo, oko akuthethi ukuba kufuneka sibe nengqondo yethu ngelixa siyifunda!
I-Excelsior!
UStan Lee.
Yindinyana ecace gca njengoko ingamandla. Kwaye kuyandikhumbuza ukuba kuwo wonke umboniso, uStan Lee wayengoyena mntu uphambili kunxibelelwano, olungileyo olungileyo. Wayemele iihlaya ngenzondelelo, kunye noburharha kunye nokuqaqamba kweliso lakhe. Kodwa ngaphezu kwabo bonke? UStan Lee wayengazange abe nongcikivo. Nokuba uphawu lwentengiso yakhe isayinelwe, ubugqwetha, iindlela, phezulu nangaphezulu kuzuko olukhulu! NjengoStan Lee uqobo, yintetho endenza ndizive zimbini izinto ezingqubanayo. Kukwangoko kubizwa ukuba kubengcono, ukuze abantu nabantu bakhule kwaye bagqwese. Kodwa ikwadlala inkolelo engeyonyani yokuba izinto zinako kuphela yenyuka, umbono ongenakunceda kodwa uzive ungazi ukungazithembi okunzima kwamaqabane akhe njengoJack Kirby. Kodwa ekugqibeleni, yintoni eyenza ukuba iMarvel ikhetheke kukuba omabini la madoda ayelungelelene kwinjongo enye kwaye alwela iMelika engcono, eyahlukileyo. Kwaye kwakungekho themba kwaphela kuloo nto. Umoya wee-comics ezimangalisayo ziyinxalenye yoko. Kukho okuhle nokubi kubo nabuphi na ubomi, kodwa ngokwelifa lakhe elingapheliyo, uStan Lee uya kuqhubeka eyile nto ebeyiyo ngalo lonke ixesha…
Isixhobo.
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