UKen Johnson. (Ndifunda i-ReadMedia) Iqela lamagcisa kunye nabagxeki baye bahlangana kwaye baqala isikhalazo ngokuchasene INew York Times Umgxeki wobugcisa uKen Johnson ngokubhekisele kwiziqwenga zakhe zamva nje, uphononongo lwe Ngoku Dig le! Ubugcisa kunye noMnyama Los Angeles 1960-1980 kwi-MoMA PS1 kunye nokubhalwa kwangaphambili kokubhalwa kwe Umfazi oGaze: amagcisa amabhinqa enza ilizwe labo kwiPennsylvania Academy yoBugcisa boBugcisa ePhiladelphia.
Isibongozo ithi:
Kuzo zombini iziqwenga, uMnu. Johnson ucebisa ukuba ukungabikho kwempumelelo kumaqela abekelwe bucala kungenxa yokusilela kwabo hayi ezo zehlabathi lobugcisa liphezulu. Ngokwenza njalo, iitekisi zakhe zifundwa njengokuqinisekiswa kokungalingani okunenkani. UJohnson uphindaphinda iingcinga ezimnyama ezingachazekiyo kunye nobufazi oboneleyo ngokungathi uphenyo olunzulu, kodwa loo mbuzo awuzange wenzeke.
Kukho okungakumbi, kwaye isicatshulwa esipheleleyo siprintwe ezantsi kwesi sithuba. Ukusukela ngoLwesine kusasa, uxwebhu lwezikhalazo lutyikitywe ngabantu abayi-1,144, kubandakanya amagcisa uGlenn Ligon, uLouise Lawler noTrenton Doyle Hancock, umbhali-mbali wezobugcisa uRobert Storr nabanye abaninzi. Ibuza ukuba Amaxesha vuma kwaye ulungise oku kuphelelwa lixesha kwemiba kunye nemiba ebanzi ephakanyiswe zezi zicatshulwa. Kudliwanondlebe ngomnxeba noGallerist, uMnu. Johnson wathi, ukuba ibingengam — thatha ubuntu bam kunye nokuzikhusela bendinokuziva ngayo — bendizakuthi le asiyondlela ilungileyo yokwenza ingxoxo enesiphumo malunga noku imiba enzima nenomdla.
Abafundi beenqakwana eziphambili bathathe inxaxheba kwingxoxo kaMnu. Johnson malunga nokuNgoku Dig Oku! umboniso wawungu:
Nantsi ke into exakayo. Amagcisa amnyama awasungulanga indibano. Ngendlela yayo yale mihla yaphuhliswa ngabazobi abamhlophe njengoPicasso, uKurt Schwitters, uMarcel Duchamp, uDavid Smith noRobert Rauschenberg. Kuba la magcisa adibeneyo ayebonakalisa inkululeko kwi-aesthetics yolondolozo kunye nakwimeko yentlalo. Akuzange kuphume nantoni na enje ngamava amnyama aseMelika amnyama okujongwa kunye nokuphathwa njengabaphantsi kunabantu abamhlophe. Yayibubugcisa babantu ababesele bekhululekile njengaye nabani na.
Enkosi kumagcisa amhlophe afana noGeorge Herms, uBruce Conner noEd Kienholz, indibano yayidumile kunxweme oluseNtshona ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Ikhethwe ngamagcisa ngoku Coca le!, Nangona kunjalo, yathatha umbala owahlukileyo. Kwaba yinto encinci yokudlala ngokudlala ngeendlela zokucinga, kwi-Dada kunye ne-Surrealism, kunye nokubonakaliswa komanyano lwentlalo.
Ukujonga kuqala iThe Female Gaze, emfutshane kwaye engabhalwanga (uthethile ngokubhala esi siqwenga kuFacebook wakhe), abanye abafundi bacatshukiswa yile ibango likaMnu. Johnson.
Umhla anokuthi nawuphina umntu obhinqileyo afumane iimali ezinkulu amadoda afana noJeff Koons kunye noDamien Hirst abuyela kuwo usekude. Ukwabelana ngesondo mhlawumbi yinkcazo eyaneleyo yokungalingani kwintengiso. Kodwa ngaba inokuba nayo into enokuyenza ngohlobo lobugcisa abafazi abathanda ukwenza?
Umnumzana Johnson ebephendula ukugxekwa kuFacebook, ezinye bezimtyhola ngobuhlanga nangokwesini. Ngokumalunga nokuphononongwa kweNgoku Dig Oku! wabhala:
Into endayiqokelelayo kwingxoxo [yomlondolozi womboniso uKellie] kaJones yayikukuba amagcisa athile aMnyama eLos Angeles ngeminyaka yoo-1960 amkela indlela yokusebenza eyayisele ikho kwaye sele yenziwe ngoku ingakumbi ngamagcisa amhlophe. Akathethi ngombono wokuba indibano inokuba neengcambu eAfrika. Ukuba amagcisa ngoku Gumba Oku! babecinga ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yaseAfrika kunye nolwabiwo lwayo ngabantu abamhlophe baseYurophu- okt, uPicasso-UNks. Jones akenzi ngongoma.
Ndiyayibona indlela endithetha ngayo ukuba amagcisa amnyama angayenzanga indibano ekhutshwe ngaphandle komxholo ibonakala ivusa inkanuko. Ingongoma yam iyonke, nangona kunjalo, ndicinga ukuba iyahambelana nenkcazo kaNks. Jones yezembali kunye nezentlalo apho ababethi abamnyama basebenza eLos Angeles ngeminyaka yoo-1960.
Esi sithuba ngoku sinamazwana ali-174 kuFacebook.
Abanye abantu bebekulungele ukonwabisa amanye amanqaku endizama ukuwenza, utshilo umnumzana uJohnson emnxebeni, kodwa kunjalo ininzi isoyikiso. Yindlela endiya kuyibeka ngayo. Kumgxeki-ingenguye mna buqu- onokuthi ajonge indlela eyenzeke ngayo le nto, yithi kwixesha elizayo xa kukho umboniso weqela elithile elichongwe ngandlel 'ithile njengolungavumelekanga, uyakuziva ukhululeke kangakanani ukuthetha ngalo ezahlukeneyo zeendlela ezinzima nezinokubakho eziphikisanayo?
Umnumzana Johnson akekho kubasebenzi Amaxesha , kodwa uhlala enegalelo kumaphepha obugcisa. Abanegalelo banyanzelekile ukuba babhale ukujonga kwangaphambili kwimigca yeCape yaBasetyhini yeVeki engaphambili yecandelo; Umnumzana Johnson ukhethe ukubhala malunga ngoku Dig Oku! endaweni yokuba yabelwe yena. Uthe ukuba Ixesha Uyaphendula kwisikhalazo, umba uya kuqwalaselwa ngumhleli wephepha loluntu, uMargaret Sullivan, ongekasibuyisi isicelo sokubeka izimvo. Sifikelele kubabhali besikhalazo sokuba banike izimvo kwaye sizokuhlaziya xa sisiva kubo.
UHLAZIYO 11/29 3:40 pm: Iqela elibhale uxwebhu lwezikhalazo liphendule ngenqaku elilandelayo:
Uninzi lwalubhalele i Amaxesha ngaphandle kwempendulo ke sigqibe ekubeni sibhale ileta evulekileyo kubo bobabini ukuze abantu babelane ngezinto ezisixhalabisayo banendawo yokubonisa, kwaye ke Amaxesha singakhuthazeka ukuba sijongane noku. Amaxesha ayenza njani loo nto kunjalo kubo. Olunye uluvo luya kuba kukushicilela ileta yethu. Sinqwenela ukuba nengxoxo ecwangcisiweyo nenentlonipho ngale micimbi. Ileta evulekileyo yinxalenye enye yengxoxo enkulu. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba ayilulo uhlaselo lobuqu kuKen Johnson. Asibizi ukuba arhoxe okanye agxekwe. Siphendula intetho ngentetho. Sibuze nje Amaxesha Ukuqwalaselwa, ukuphendula esidlangalaleni kwiziqwenga abazipapashileyo, ngenxa yezizathu esizichazileyo kule leta. Isayinwe, uColleen Asper Anoka Faruqee uSteve Locke Dushko Petrovich Ngaba nguVillalongo
Isibongozo
Ntsika yeNew York Times:
Ukubhalwa kwamva nje komgxeki wobugcisa uKen Johnson kuyasikhathaza. Uphengululo lwayo ngo-Okthobha wama-25 Ngoku Dig le! Ubugcisa kunye noMnyama Los Angeles 1960-1980 kunye nomboniso wakhe kaNovemba 8 we Umfazi oGaze: amagcisa amabhinqa enza ilizwe labo, bonisa iingxoxo ezingalunganga. Usebenzisa ukungakhathali ngokubanzi, uJohnson uthelekisa oomama kunye nabazobi base-Afrika nabamaMerika kumagcisa angamadoda amhlophe, kuphela ukubafumana bengenalo.
Ekuphononongeni kwakhe ngoku Dig This! UMnu Johnson uqala nebango lokuba abaculi abaMnyama abazange baqulunqe ukuhlanganiswa. Endaweni yoko, uthi amagcisa amnyama ayabela le fomu evela kumagcisa amhlophe ayiphuhlisileyo. Zombini ezi ngxelo zihlasela umntu weendiza; Akukho mbali-mlando, igcisa okanye umgcini owakha wenza ibango lokuba nabani na, omnyama okanye omhlophe, wayila indibano. Ngapha koko, indibano ineengcambu kwiinkcubeko ezininzi kwaye kubhalwe kakuhle ukuba amagcisa aseYurophu naseMelika aboleke kakhulu kubugcisa baseAfrika ekusebenziseni kwabo le fomu.
Umnumzana Johnson uququzelela uphononongo lwakhe malunga nokuchasana okungathethekiyo phakathi kwezopolitiko, umsebenzi ocekethekileyo wamagcisa amhlophe kunye nomsebenzi wezopolitiko, umsebenzi wobugcisa wamagcisa amnyama. Ubanga ukuba amagcisa amhlophe aseYurophu, afana nalawo eCubism, Surrealism kunye noDada, ababekhululekile njengaye nabani na, babedlala nje behlekisa ngeenhlangano zobuhle. Umdlalo wobuhle wokudityaniswa uthathe indawo eyahlukileyo, ukusebenzisa ukujika kwelishwa kukaMnumzana Johnson ngelishwa, xa amagcisa amnyama enza ezopolitiko kule fomu. Kodwa akahoyi zombini izidubedube zezopolitiko eYurophu ngelo xesha kunye neembono ezixhasayo zale mibutho yobugcisa. Yayiyintoni iDaDa ukuba yayingeyo mpendulo kwisifo sengqondo kunye nokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi kwi-WWI?
Inqaku likwahoya ukuba lo mboniso ubandakanya umsebenzi wabo bobabini abamnyama nabamhlophe amagcisa aseMelika ukunikezela ngepollination emnqamlezweni kunye nokuqheleka kwezimvo. Zonke ezi zinto zibekiweyo zinefuthe lokugqwetha kunye nokugxotha umsebenzi wamagcisa amnyama kulo mboniso, othi ngokukaJohnson, uzahlulahlula ababukeli phakathi kwabo, ngenxa yamava abo obomi, abaza kuchonga umzabalazo wokuxhotyiswa kwabantu abamnyama, kunye nabanye amava amnyama ahlala engumbandela wokucinga. Ingxoxo kaMnu. Johnson ixhomeke kulo msantsa wababukeli abamhlophe njengenkcazo yokuba kutheni bambalwa kangaka amagcisa amnyama athe amkelwa lihlabathi lobugcisa obuphezulu obumhlophe, kodwa ubeka umthwalo wokwehlula iyantlukwano ngokobuhlanga kumagcisa amnyama, hayi abamhlophe ababukeli. Kumagcisa angamashumi amathathu anesibini kulo mboniso, nguDavid Hammons kuphela ofumana indumiso-ngokwenza umsebenzi awunyanzelekanga ukuba ube mnyama ukuze uzive.
Endaweni yokuzibandakanya nomsebenzi wembali kulo mboniso, uMnu.Johnson uthi ukhetha umsebenzi wamagcisa amnyama angoku aqinisekiswe ngokubanzi, ngaphandle kokuvuma inkqubela phambili kwezentlalo kule minyaka ingama-50 idlulileyo enokuvumela isizukulwana esilandelayo samagcisa yenza nzima indlela esicinga ngayo malunga nomkhethe kunye neenkolelo.
Umnumzana Johnson izakhelo I-Gaze yaBasetyhini: Amagcisa amaTyhini enza iHlabathi labo ngendlela efanayo: Umhla apho naliphi na ibhinqa lifumana iimali ezinkulu amadoda afana noJeff Koons kunye noDamien Hirst abarhola kulo isekude indlela. Ukwabelana ngesondo mhlawumbi yinkcazo eyaneleyo yokungalingani kwintengiso. Kodwa ngaba inokuba nayo into enokuyenza ngohlobo lobugcisa abafazi abathanda ukwenza? Isicatshulwa sakhe sikwimpembelelo yokwenyani yesini kwaye sishiya kuphela ngombuzo oqinisekileyo. Akukho nkcazo malunga nobume bobugcisa abafazi abathanda ukwenza. Umfundi ushiyeke kuphela ngengqondo yokuba ubugcisa babafazi yingxaki, ngandlela thile.
Kuzo zombini iziqwenga, uMnu. Johnson ucebisa ukuba ukungabikho kwempumelelo kumaqela abekelwe bucala kungenxa yokusilela kwabo hayi ezo zehlabathi lobugcisa liphezulu. Ngokwenza njalo, iitekisi zakhe zifundwa njengokuqinisekiswa kokungalingani okunenkani. UJohnson uphindaphinda iingcinga ezimnyama ezingachazekiyo kunye nobufazi oboneleyo ngokungathi uphenyo olunzulu, kodwa loo mbuzo awuzange wenzeke.
Ukubhalwa kula manqaku kungaphantsi kwemigangatho yokuhlela eqhelekileyo ye ENew York Times. Siyacela ukuba Amaxesha vuma kwaye ulungise oku kuphelelwa lixesha kwemiba kunye nemiba ebanzi ephakanyiswe zezi zicatshulwa.
