Isithandi sobulumko esingumFrentshi uBernard-Henri Lévy kutshanje ebetyelele eNew York. (Ifoto: Emily Lembo) Abantu baseMelika banoAngelina Jolie ukuba bathethise amazwe angamalungu eZizwe eziManyeneyo ngokungabikho komdla kubhushi oqhubeka eSyria, amaFrentshi anesithandi sobulumko uBernard-Henri Lévy ukuba aye eBenghazi aze abhukuqe uMuammar Gaddafi. Kudala njengelizwe lakwa-Israyeli, ukubukeka okuhle kwesithandi sobulumko ngoku kuye kwacima kwa-Baldassare Castiglione's courtier, a crepuscular Lawrence of Arabia had the Brit was a ladies 'man. ENew York kwintetho kummeli waseFrance malunga neKamva lamaFrentshi kunye namaJuda aseYurophu, uMnu Lévy wayeqaqambisa umkhankaso wokunyusa ingxowa mali kaDavid Gritz Scholarship oza kwenza ukuba abancinci bakwa-Israyeli bafunde phesheya. Ibhombu yeHamas kwiYunivesithi yaseJerusalem yabulala uGritz, waseMelika osuka eMassachusetts efunda kwa-Israyeli ngo-2002.
Esi sibonelelo sokufundela simalunga nokulwa nokwahlulwa, ubukrelekrele wanyanzelisa ukungangqinelani.
Kwabaninzi eYurophu, ukunyuka kwezobupolitika ezibandakanya ezopolitiko, uhlobo olunqabileyo e-US, lwenzeka ekupheleni kwe-19.thkwinkulungwane xa ababhali, amagcisa kunye nezithandi zobulumko bema ngoAlfred Dreyfus, ixhoba le-anti-Semitism yaseFrance. Eli siko lagqitywa kwi-20thinkulungwane noAndré Malraux owazibandakanya namaRiphabhlikhi kwimfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain kunye nomlo ophakathi kukaJean-Paul Sartre, malunga noMnu uLévy wabhala incwadi ebalaseleyo, noAlbert Camus malunga nemfazwe yaseAlgeria yenkululeko. Kodwa ukufaniswa okungcono kwisiphelo sikaMnu Levy kunokuba François-René de Chateaubriand, umbhali ongenakulibaleka Imemori evela ngaphaya kwengcwaba owayenolwalamano olunzima kunye nokuncipha kukaNapoleon kwaye waba negalelo kuhlaselo lwaseFrance lwaseFrance ngo-1823 olukhokelele ekubuyiselweni kukaFerdinand VII. Chateaubriand ’s UbuGcisa bobuKristu wade waphefumlela uMnu. Levy ukuba abhale isicatshulwa esinomdla Ubuchule bobuYuda, ukungaphathi ubuJuda njengenkolo kodwa njengenkqubo yefilosofi, isikhokelo sokuphila. Isithandi sobulumko esingumFrentshi nombhali uBernard-Henri Levy uthetha kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwintlanganiso eyenzelwe ubuhlanga ngoJanuwari 22, 2015 kwisiXeko saseNew York. (Ifoto: Spencer Platt / Getty Izithombe)
UMnumzana Lévy yingxowa ethandwayo yokuhluzwa eFrance. Inqaku lokunxiba isuti emnyama yeChristian Dior ngaphezulu kwehempe emhlophe engamenyezelwanga, indoda ebinendlebe yoomongameli ukusukela oko uFrancois Mitterand, nokuba ungoyiphi na inxaxheba kwezopolitiko, wazalwa etyebile kwaye waya kwezona zikolo zibalaseleyo eParis, efumana ubugqwetha kwifilosofi . Intonga yakhe yokulwa nombane ngokuchaseneyo 1977 Uburharha ngobuso bomntu yashicilelwa ngexesha apho iqela lobukomanisi yayingelilo nje iqela eliphambili lezopolitiko laseFrance kwilungelo leGaullist, elalisemandleni ukusukela ngeMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, kodwa eyona nto iphambili phakathi kwezifundiswa. Kwiminyaka engamashumi asibhozo kwakungekho namnye umvelisi womboniso weTV owayengafuni ukubhukisha owayesakuba nguMaoist kunye nabanye abahlobo bakhe, ababizwa ngokuba ziiFilosofi eNtsha, abanjengoAndre Glucksman noPascal Bruckner. Iinkwenkwezi ezintsha zexesha eliphambili zazinomdla wokuchaza indelelo yabo ngequbuliso yeMarxism kunye nokwamkela ngokupheleleyo i-crypto-fascist anti-USSR Tsarist Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. Utata kaMnu Lévy, owayenze ubutyebi kunye ne-Becop, iqumrhu elingenisa iinkuni ezinqabileyo ezazinyangwa kwizityalo ezixhaphazayo ezivela e-Ivory Coast naseGabon, apho umvuzo omncinci kunye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo, exhasa imali yakhe imihla ngemihla Izinto ezingalindelekanga ngelixa wayethandana nemodeli. Njengakwii-neocons ezininzi eMelika ezazinexesha lasekhohlo elidlulileyo, le ntetho intsha ye-anti-Marxist, eyenzeka ngelixa i-USSR yayihlasela i-Afghanistan, yavakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu njengeTickle Me Elmo ethengisa umlilo kwindawo yaseColumbus, eOhio.
Ngokukhawuleza uMnu Lévy wayeseSarajevo ephepha iimbumbulu zeesepipers kwaye esela iti kunye no-Ahmad Shah Massoud kwi-Panjshir Valley. Xa wabambekayo eBosnia phantsi koonokrwece baseSerbia, engakwazi ukubhabhela eSaint-Paul-de-Vence ukuya kutshata noEric Rohmer's égérie Arielle Dombasle, wacela uMongameli Mitterand ukuba athumele inqwelo moya ukuze imzise eProvence ngexesha.
Ngaba awucingi ukuba kutheni abantu bekuthiyile? Ndimbuzile. Kwakufuneka ndenze ntoni? Ungatshati? waphendula. UMitterand undityala, ndiye ndamnceda ukugcina ubuso eBosnia. Ndenze lukhulu kurhulumente wase-France, egameni lika rhulumente wase-France, kangangokuba ibincinci into abanokuyenza ukundinceda ndibhabhe ndiye apho.
Ewe, yayiyimbono yakhe ukuba umongameli wase-France angaxelwanga kwisikhululo senqwelomoya saseSarajevo kumkhosi wamandla owawufuna ukuthomalalisa ukubulawa kwabantu okwenzeka kwindawo eyayisakuba yiYugoslavia. Yeha akukho nto yaphuma kuyo, ke uMitterand wayenombulelo kumaSerb ngesimilo sawo ngokuchasene noHitler ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi kwaye i-Yurophu engenakuzenzela nto ngombulelo ngaphandle komkhosi. Ukuxhelwa kuqhubekile kwiyadi yaseYurophu de uMongameli uClinton angenelele kwaye waqhushumisa iSerbia.
Inxalenye yexesha eliphambili lokutya isidlo sangokuhlwa, eyinxalenye yozakuzo kwezokhenketho, uMnumzana Lévy ubuncinci wayezama ukuphelisa ukungqinga kweSarajevo kunye nokunceda iMassoud ukuba yamkelwe kwilizwe liphela kunye nezixhobo. Ungaze ukhathalele ukuba abantu abasondele eMassoud zange beva ngentlanganiso noLevvy kwaye iqela lababukeli beTV laseBosniac lenze udliwanondlebe kunye nefilosofi, egcwele iingoma zestriper kunye neefos dodgings.
Idemokhrasi ayiqhutywa ngenyaniso, undixelele.
Mhlawumbi abantu bakuthiyile ngenxa yokuba usisityebi kakhulu, unamandla, unobulumko obunxulumene kakuhle kwaye wawusoloko kunye nabafazi ababengengabo abafundileyo? Ndimbuzile.
Wazi njani xa ujonga umfazi omhle, ukuba akangomntu okrelekrele? Indoda ethandana ngoku noDaphne Guinness ibuzile, Ithetha ukuthini, umfazi okrelekrele? Ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba ngutitshala weMbali yaMandulo? Le yeyona nto yesini ndive ngayo
Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuxhasa kwakhe ngenzondelelo umdlwenguli u-Roman Polanski kunye no-Dominique Strauss Kahn, owathi kwinkundla yamatyala kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo wangqina ukuba wayecinga ukuba ihenyukazi alilimazileyo ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo lalonwabela isondo elirhabaxa, alincedi. Ukuba uNietzsche, inkosi ka-Lévy, usibongozile kwincopho ye-Modernity ukuba senze ifilosofi ngesando, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphawu lwe-C-4 luka-Lévy lwediplomacy yinto efunekayo kwi-Middle East yangoku, apho amaqela angenakubalwa kwaye iiseli ezingaqhawukanga ziyakwazi ukuthatha indawo yonke yokugqobhoza komhlaba kwi-booby ebanjelwe imida eshiye ngasemva ngokungxama ngamandla amakoloniyali ngokwazi ukungakhathaleli izizwe kunye nokudityaniswa kobuhlanga.
Wenze ntoni ngoJimmy Carter ebiza u-Israyeli ngombuso wobandlululo? Ndimbuzile.
Ukwaluphala, Umnumzana uLevy uphendule kwangoko, le yingxelo ehlekisayo.
Abaninzi kwilizwe lama-Arabhu bayathandabuza ukuba novelwano kwabo bacinezelweyo kwaye batshutshiswa kwihlabathi liphela kwaye babona ukungakhathali kwakhe kwimeko yamaPalestina njengobungqina bokuba akayonto ingaphezulu kwenqanawa yeZiyon, ithiyori yelenqe elinamandla okuziqhatha.
Ngaba udanile kukuphinda ukhethe u-Benjamin Netanyahu? Ndimbuzile.
Ndingathanda ukuphupha u-Israyeli ngobunkokeli obunobuganga, obunethemba ngakumbi. UNetanyahu ngowenkcubeko yeenkokheli zakwa-Israeli, endizazi kakuhle, ezikholelwa ekugqibeleni, ukuba nantoni na abayenzayo, ayizukutshintsha nto, luhlobo lwembali, olusisiseko lokungazithembi. |
Ewe bendinjalo, ndingathanda kakhulu uHerzog, utshilo. UHerzog khange athethe nto malunga nemimandla ehleliyo nangona, inkqubo yakhe yayijolise kakhulu kubulungisa bezentlalo, ndamxelela. Andinguye umSirayeli kodwa ukuba bendinguye, ngendithandile inkulumbuso ethembisayo, eya kuthi ithathe umngcipheko olungileyo wokuziphatha kwezopolitiko kuthethathethwano namaPalestine. Anditsho ukuba uNetanyahu ungumqobo, nditsho ukuba mhlawumbi unethemba kakhulu. Ndimazi kakuhle. Ndadibana naye izihlandlo ezininzi. Akasakholelwa kwintando yoxolo lwamaPalestina. Mhlawumbi unyanisile, andazi… kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka wenze uxolo nabantu abangafuniyo. Unokubanyanzela, ungabakhuthaza, ubanyanzele ukuba banqwenele le nto bangayinqweneli. Ndingathanda ukuphupha u-Israyeli ngobunkokeli obunobuganga, obunethemba ngakumbi. UNetanyahu ngowenkcubeko yeenkokheli zakwa-Israeli, endizazi kakuhle, ezikholelwa ekugqibeleni, ukuba nantoni na abayenzayo, ayizukutshintsha nto, luhlobo lwembali, olusisiseko lokungazithembi. Iziphumo zeli themba kukuba kuya kufuneka womelele ukuze woyise, ukunqanda ukucinywa kwimephu. Ingxaki yile, kwaye esi sisifundo esidala esinokusifumana kuPericles: 'Awunamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuze uqiniseke ukuba uyakuhlala unamandla.' Awunamandla ngokwaneleyo okuqinisekisa ukuba uhlala unamandla onke ixesha. Akunakuze. Akunakwenzeka. Yomelele njengokuba unjalo, kufuneka uzive mzuzu apho ungazomelela ngokwaneleyo kwaye ungomeleli. Oku kuyinyani, hayi nje ezopolitiko kodwa impazamo ye-meta yezopolitiko kaNetanyahu, ukholelwa emandleni ngaphandle kokucinga ukuba amandla awanelanga. Awomelelanga ngonaphakade.
Iimfazwe zamva nje eGaza zazingajongeka zilungile ku-Israyeli kwaye ezinye zeengxelo ezenziwa ngeloxesha yinkokheli yakwa-Israyeli, ndingathethi kwanto nge-Mossad, zazibonakala ngathi zibhengeza ukungonwabi phezulu. Ndabe ndiseGaza ngexesha lemfazwe yokugqibela, utshilo uMnumzana Lévy, kwaye ndabona indlela alumke ngayo umkhosi wase-Israeli nabantu, indlela ababenobulali ngayo nabantu basePalestine, ukuba babenobulumko kangakanani ngaphambi kokungena endlwini.
Ngaba wawungeniswe kwicandelo lomkhosi? Ndibuzile. Ewe, watsho. Ayisiyonto imbi leyo, ndimxelele.
Ndiyazi, waphendula, kodwa ndenze iingxelo ezaneleyo zemfazwe ebomini bam ukuze ndazi ukuba ndiyakhohliswa nini. Icandelo ebendihamba nalo belingadlali umdlalo kum. Babengandazi nokuba ndingubani, ndandingomnye nje intatheli… ndagqitha kwisiXeko saseGaza ndabona ukubaluleka kwentshabalalo kwaye into endinokuyithetha kukuba yayiyimfazwe eyoyikekayo kodwa imfazwe eneethagethi. Yayingengomlo wokubhubhisa. Indlu ethile yayijolise kuyo hayi enye, enye icaba hayi enye, isitalato esinye elandelayo yayilungile. Bebejolise ekuqaliseni kwerokethi. Kwelinye icala i-Hezbollah kunye ne-Hamas ngezixhobo zabo ezimbi babengenazo iithagethi. Uyilungela njani imfazwe yakho ngaphandle kweethagethi zemfazwe? Kwimfazwe, unemfazwe kunye nenjongo yemfazwe. Yintoni injongo yemfazwe yeHamas? Kuthekani ngeHezbollah? Injongo yeMfazwe yase-Israeli icacile, ayikukutshabalalisa abantu baseGaza, ayikokuthatha iGaza kwakhona. Injongo yemfazwe kwa-Israyeli yayikukucinezela iziqhushumbisi zerokethi. Yintoni injongo yemfazwe yeHamas xa iirokethi ziphumile, yintoni? Uyazi ukuba yintoni, yile nto bayithethayo kumgaqo wabo- ukufumana ngokubulala ukupheliswa, ukutshabalalisa uSirayeli. Oku kubizwa kwimbali yeemfazwe, iyonke imfazwe. Yintoni injongo yeHezbollah? I-PLO kumaxesha akudala yayinenjongo, eyayililizwe lasePalestine. Ngaba bayayifuna ngokunyanisekileyo okanye hayi yayiyimpikiswano, kodwa yayiyinjongo. Yayiyimfazwe eqhelekileyo. Kukho isizathu sokuba ingxelo yeGoldstone yarhoxiswa kamva.
Iphephandaba IHaaretz wabhala ngokubanzi malunga nento eyenza uRichard Goldstone warhoxisa iziphumo zakhe kumrabi wakhe emnqabela ukuba aye kwi bar mitzvah yonyana wakhe. Ndizibonile iindawo zokukhangela ezingenabuntu, ndamxelela, abadala abagulayo kufuneka balinde iiyure ukufikelela esibhedlele, iindlela ezinkulu zamaJuda kuphela, ukuvalwa kweGaza, abantwana elunxwemeni kunye neendawo zokubaleka ziqhushumbe, iindonga ezinde ziqhekeza Iilali kunye namasimi eminquma, okungekho mthethweni, okanye okungekho mthethweni njengoko kubizwa nguRhulumente, iindawo zokuhlala ezazisasazeka kunxweme olusentshona izigidi zeembacu ezazicinezela iinkampu ezimdaka eJordani… ucalucalulo olwanyanzelwa ngama-Israel akwa-Israyeli ukuba aqeshise ngomhlaba, ukuthintela amadoda angamaJuda ukuba atshate Abafazi abangamaSilamsi. Nditsho neSebe likaRhulumente lithi ama-Arabhu ase-Israeli ajongene 'nocalucalulo ngokwamaziko, kwezomthetho nakwezoluntu' kwaye 'bamelwe kwiindawo ezininzi zengqesho' okanye iKhomishini ye-Orr ethi 'ukuphatha urhulumente kwecandelo lama-Arab bekungakhathalelwanga kwaye kunocalucalulo' kwaye ukusukela oko abavumelekanga ukuba bajoyine inkonzo yesizwe bayaliwa izindlu kunye nezibonelelo zemfundo… kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukwahlulwa kubanzi kuxhaphake kakhulu kwiikhampasi zaseMelika… akukho mathandabuzo okuba iPLO, iHamas kunye neHezbollah yimibutho yempambano kodwa uthini malunga nokulinganisa imfazwe, abantu abaphela becinezelwa ngumkhosi wakwa-Israyeli kunye neenkokheli zabo?
Baye babavotela, utshilo uPangloss woMbindi Mpuma. Banyule iiHamas… kufuneka banyule oorhulumente abangcono kwaye bamkele ukuba uSirayeli ulapha. Ngelishwa, unyanisile, nokuba ngaphambilana wayendixelele ukuba akakholelwa ekuhlisweni ngenxa yokuba ukugaxwa kwabo kwakusemthethweni eMzantsi Afrika apho urhulumente wayenganyulwanga ngabemi kodwa u-Israyeli yintando yesininzi. Awunakho ukohlula ngokuchasene nedemokhrasi. Kuvakala ngathi yinto enokwenzeka Ukubakho ungathi kodwa ngelishwa yimpikiswano enamandla. Logama iGaza izakuba phantsi kolawulo lweqela elinye ngoku elingavumiyo ukuya kuvota, umbutho onyamezelayo, okhuthaza okanye oququzelela ukuqhushumba kuka-Israyeli, iimfazwe ziya kubakho. Akukho rokethi, akukho bhlokhi- lo ngumgca wam. Umhla wokumiswa kweerokethi, inene, ayisiyiyo kwaphela into yokuphelisa umlilo, umhla apho i-Hamas yamkela khona u-Israyeli, ndingowokuqala ukubuza ukuba ndimise ibhlokhi. Yinto elula njengaleyo.
Akumangalisi ukuba uMnumzana Lévy, unyana woKukhanyiselwa, abone uVoltaire njengokukhanya ekupheleni kwetonela. Ubudlelwane bam namandla buhlala bunjalo, utshilo, ndisebenza njengommi wokwenene, ummi ngumntu ocinga ukuba amandla akwinkonzo yakhe. Balapha ukuza kusinceda. Singabasebenzisi bamandla, ngabethu. Siyabakhetha sinelungelo lokuzisebenzisa kwaye xa besenza izinto ezimbi sinelungelo noxanduva lokudelela.
Yiyo le naïve le uyithethileyo, ndimxelele. Naïve kodwa isebenza ngokubalaseleyo. Ngo-2011 uMnu Lévy waya eBanghazi, kwikhamera, xa uGadaffi wayesele eza kuphelisa imvukelo ngokubulala abantu abaninzi ngexesha apho iLibya yayisele ibanjiwe kwizizwe nakubaphathi bemfazwe. Wahlala phantsi isangqa sokuqala wawela indlela kunye noMcebisi weThutyana osandul 'ukusekwa, umfana ogama linguMansour Saif al-Nasr, wema kufutshane naye ukuba abe kwisakhelo kwikhamera kwaye wafowunela umongameli uNicolas Sarkozy, odume ngokunxiba izihlangu. Kwiveki kamva le setyhula yayihamba kwiNdlu yase-Elysée kwitheko likaMnu Lévy kwaye kwinyanga, emva kokuba uSarkozy eqinisekisile uDavid Cameron noBarack Obama ukuba bajoyine imikhosi, iijets zaseFrance zazibetha umkhosi kaGaddafi. Emva kweenyanga ezintathu uGadafi wafa.
Namhlanje iLibya yeyona ndawo inobungozi emhlabeni, imeko engaphumelelanga, kunye ne-ISIS ekhululekile ukuseta ivenkile emantla. Isiphithiphithi siba kukuba abasetyhini nabantwana abavela kulo lonke elase-Afrika batsibela ngamakhulu kwizikhephe ezilahliweyo kwaye bayokutshona emanzini kuLwandle lweMeditera kwindlela yabo eya e-Eldorado Yurophu. Ubusazi ukuba kukho abantu kwiGqwetha leTshintsho ababesakuba ngabathetheli bakaGaddafi abanjengoMustapha Abdeljalil owayengunosilarha wakhe oyintloko njengomphathiswa wezobulungisa. Ndamxelela, Ayikwenzanga unqumame? Ngaba yayingekokubhalwa eludongeni?
Ndandinxamnye nemfazwe e-Iraq kuba akukho Iraqi eyacela uBush ukuba ancede, angene aze ahlasele uSaddam. ELibya uninzi lwabantu lwalucela uncedo lwethu. Isiphithiphithi linyathelo eliyimfuneko ngelishwa ekuzalweni kwentando yesininzi. |
Akunjalo ukuba amandla asebenza njani. Awuhambi uxelela abantu inyani. Abantu abavoteli inyani nje. Ukuba nje ibilula ngolu hlobo… Ungabaxelela inyani kwaye yonke into ibizakuqondakala. Akunjalo indlela abantu abavota ngayo. Bahlala bevotela ubuxoki. Bavota ngezizathu zoqoqosho njengoko watsho uMarx, ngenxa yezizathu ezizezabo njengoko watshoyo uFreud okanye ngenxa yokuba zilungele umbono wabo welizwe njengoko watshoyo uNietzsche. Ndiyazibona ezi nkokeli ndijongana nazo kwaye ndicela ukungenelela kwezinye iimeko, zonke, njengamakhadi esandleni sam. Ngamandla izinto zenzeka ngotyando, ngamaqhekeza, ixesha elinye lijongana noMichel Foucault. Ndandinxamnye nemfazwe e-Iraq kuba akukho Iraqi eyacela uBush ukuba ancede, angene aze ahlasele uSaddam. ELibya uninzi lwabantu lwalucela uncedo lwethu. Isiphithiphithi linyathelo eliyimfuneko ngelishwa ekuzalweni kwentando yesininzi. Kwisikimu esikhulu sezinto, iminyaka engama-40 ayisiyonto yabantu yokwakha umgaqo-siseko wedemokhrasi. Asizizo izicaka zamandla, sinokuvota, singayithatha.
Uyinto encinci njengoPlato uya eSicily ukucebisa uDionysus, ndathi kuye, kodwa khumbula ukuba ayiphelanga kakuhle. Waphoswa entolongweni waza wagxothwa kabini kwesi siqithi.
Hayi, waphendula uBernard-Henri Lévy. Kungenxa yokuba uPlato wazibeka njengoko watshoyo kwi Ileta yesixhenxe kwinkonzo yamandla. Khange ndiyenze lonto.
Abantu abaninzi baseFrance bacinga ukuba uMnu. Sarkozy wasebenzisa umnumzana uLevy njengesikrini sokutshaya kunye nesigqibo sokutshabalalisa amandla kaMnu Gaddafi njengesitrayikhi sokuqala kuba isiKhokelo sasizakwazisa esidlangalaleni amashumi ezigidi zeedola awayezinike iphulo lika Mnumzana Sarkozy. Ubumongameli ngo-2007. Abanye balatha kwinto yokuba umphathiswa wezangaphandle ngelo xesha, no-Alain Juppe, owayesakuba ngumongameli wase-France, wayesele ethumele abathunywa e-Benghazi ukuba bayokufikelela kwi-Transitional Counsel. Ngeli xesha ngenxa yokungenelela kweNtshona eLibya, amajoni kunye nezixhobo eziphangiweyo kwiziseko zomkhosi zikaGaddafi zigalelwe ezandleni zezizwe zamaSilamsi kumantla aselumelwaneni eMali kwaye bonke baqala ukumatsha kwikomkhulu iBamako emazantsi. Umongameli Hollande, owoyise uMnu. Sarkozy okwangoku, wathumela imikhosi eMali ukuyokukhusela umKristu osemazantsi kwaye ngelixa wayeseCAR, konke oko Inkqubo ye- INew York Times ukufikelela kwizibonelelo zokuqala.
Inkqubo ye- INew York Times ayilunganga, utshilo uMnu. Akukho nto inokubanjwa kula mazwe kwaye ukuba le ibiyinjongo besizakwenza into eyenziwa ngamaTshayina… size kancinci kwaye sizinzile sinemali eninzi kwaye akukho zixhobo. Kodwa amaTshayina ahleli kwisiqingatha semali yamatyala ehlabathi kwaye iFrance yaphuka njengoJob. Ngequbuliso, ngelixa kukho intetho ekhulayo yomkhosi wase-Yuropu, i-France ibuyile kulo lonke elase-Afrika esemaZantsi nase-Sub-Saharan ngeebhutsi emhlabeni zilwa notshaba olufanayo olwaludambile ngexesha langaphambili lobukoloniyali: i-Islam. Kwangelo xesha, amaqela e-fascist ayenyuka kwilizwe ngalinye kwiYurophu kwaye kwezinye iindawo ezinjengeFrance neNgilane bafika kuqala kunyulo lwaseYurophu. Amagunya amakoloniyali awazange asebenze kwi-liberal fuel. Kodwa iyintoni kanye kanye intsingiselo yokwanda kweYurophu kwiminyaka yokuma nkqo kunye nehlabathi? INgilani, elinye lamazwe anqabileyo aseYurophu akhula ngenxa yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho, arhoxa amajoni akhe eAfghanistan kwaye ala ukunceda iFrance ihlawule ubuwula bayo baseAfrika. U-Hollande wayenelungelo lokungenelela eMali nase-CAR, utshilo u-Lévy, kufuneka alwe nobunqolobi apho. Ngaba yayingeyiyo le yomgaqo kaBush wokungena eBaghdad? Ngaba yayingeyiyo enye idemokhrasi yokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe?
Wenza ntoni ngesivumelwano seIran esifikelwe ngu-Obama eLausanne? Ndimbuzile.
Olu hlengahlengiso kunye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuya kuba lilifa elichazayo amagama akhe amabini. Ndiyathemba ukuba ulungile kwaye uyasithemba isigwebo sakhe xa kufika ixesha lokuvavanya ukuzibophelela kwe-mullahs kwisizathu, utshilo.
Ngaba ucinga ukuba umntwana ongumFrentshi esikolweni unokufumana kwincwadi yembali inkcazo eneenkcukacha ngokubandakanyeka ngokubanzi, hayi nje kukarhulumente, kodwa kwabemi ekugxothweni kwabantu abaninzi bamaFrentshi nabangaphandle bamazwe kwiinkampu zokufa kunye neKhowudi Yabemi abanyanzeliswa kumathanga aseFrance abenza ukuba basebenze ngenkani nokunyanzelwa umthetho welizwe? Ndimbuzile.
Ewe ikhona, waxoka, lonke ilizwe ligqithile kule nto, jonga kwenzeka ntoni apha nabantu bomthonyama kunye nobukhoboka, ndibhale incwadi malunga noku, wathi, Iingcamango zaseFransi, Ukuchaza ukuba i-fascism yayingeyiyo kuphela ilungelo labambalwa kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi yeFrance, kodwa yayendele kuninzi lwaseburhulumenteni nakubemi. Yadala ihlazo elikhulu kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibanjelwe kum nanamhla. Kodwa umongameli uSarkozy, ohamba naye ekhephini ukuskiya, wenza intetho kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo eDakar, eSenegal apho wancoma ikoloniyali kwaye wadwelisa okuhle okuphume kuyo-iibhulorho, izikolo, izibhedlele, iindlela-phambi kokuba achaze ukuba Intlungu yase-Afrika yayikukuba uMntu wase-Afrika akazange angene kwiMbali ngokwaneleyo, ukuba umlimi wase-Afrika, ophila namaxesha onyaka akazange azilungiselele inkqubela phambili kwaye akazange acinge ngokubaleka ukuphindaphinda nokuzenzela ikamva lakhe.
Ngaba ucinga ukuba i-US kufuneka ihambise iinqanawa ezisixhenxe ukusuka eBahrain emva kokucinezelwa ngogonyamelo, ngoncedo lwe-Saudi Arabia, ukuvuka kwabantu? Ndimbuzile.
I-UN ingamgxeka u-Israyeli konke abakufunayo, utshilo, kodwa bahlala bethe cwaka ngethuba kuqhubeka ukubulawa kwabantu e-Sri Lanka, e-East Timor, e-Rwanda, e-Angola, e-Burundi, e-Colombia, e-South Sudan kwaye kwimeko yase-Bosnia bema ngase-Serbia. EMpuma Timor bemka kanye ngaphambi kokuba i-Indonesia iqale ukubulawa kwabantu. |
Ndiyakholelwa ukuba iMelika kufuneka ixhase inkolo yayo kwaye ixhase oorhulumente abanyulwe ngokwentando yesininzi kunye nabacinezelweyo, watsho ngokunyanisekileyo, ngokumangalisayo engavumi ukuvuma ukuba iWashington ibisoloko ixhasa oozwilakhe ukusuka e-Shah ukuya ePinochet, Mubarak, Suharto, Ceaușescu, Marcos yonke indlela eya Kutshanje noHernandez phantsi kukaHillary Clinton kuRhulumente eHonduras. Uye wathetha ngaphambili ukuba ukugxeka i-US kukuchasana namaSemite. Kodwa i-UN, ethe kule veki yakhupha iphenyo ngebhombu yokugqibela yase-Israeli eGaza yokufumanisa ukuba i-Israel ibhombise amaziko e-UN ahlala kuphela abantu nasemva kokuba ulungelelwaniso lwe-GPS lubonelelwe kwimikhosi yase-Israeli, ngumdlalo olungileyo.
I-UN ingamgxeka u-Israyeli konke abakufunayo, utshilo, kodwa bahlala bethe cwaka ngethuba kuqhubeka ukubulawa kwabantu e-Sri Lanka, e-East Timor, e-Rwanda, e-Angola, e-Burundi, e-Colombia, e-South Sudan kwaye kwimeko yase-Bosnia bema ngase-Serbia. EMpuma Timor bemka kanye ngaphambi kokuba i-Indonesia iqale ukubulawa kwabantu. IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo azizange zenze nto ukuthintela ukubulawa kwabantu eDarfur. Zingaphi iimeko apho i-UN isilele ngenxa yohlalutyo olubi kunye nokukhetha? I-UN ayikhange ishukumise nomnwe omnye ukuthintela iMfazwe yase-Sri Lankan kwaye yavumela ukuba iphele iminyaka engama-35. Benze izigqibo ezingenanto.
Ngaba uyavuma, ndimbuzile, ukuba ukwanda kwemimandla kwi-West Bank kwenza ukuba ilizwe lasePalestine libe yindawo yokudlamka? Kwaye le yeyona njongo?
Hayi, uphendule wathi, ayiloxesha lokuqala ukuba ilizwe elihlaselweyo, njengoko u-Israyeli wayeneminyaka engama-60 kunye nama-70s, azikhusele ngokuhlala kwimimandla enesicwangciso njengecebo lokuzikhusela. U-Israyeli akazange azongeze, u-Israyeli wayehlala ezigcina njengendlela yokuphucula ukuze kuthethathethwane ngobukho bakhe nabamelwane bakhe. Ziya kuba lula kakhulu ukongeza izihlomelo kodwa khange zenziwe. Xa iJamani emva kwe-1870 yaphumelela emfazweni yathimba iinxalenye zaseFrance. Abantu abaninzi bawazile amava okulangazelela isizwe. U-Israyeli walinda iinkulungwane ngaphambi kokuba abe nelizwe. Ndinqwenele ukusukela ngo-1967, kwaye kulapho yapapashwa khona inqaku lam lokuqala, ndenzela ilizwe lasePalestine kwi-West Bank. Kodwa amazwe amaninzi alinda inkulungwane ngohlanga kwaye umnqweno wolawulo awuzange wehle.
Yintoni oyenzayo ngentshukumo kaMahmoud Abbas yokufumana i-UN kunye nokwamkelwa kwepalamente kwilizwe liphela lasePalestine? Kwacaciswa ukuba iinkokheli zakwa-Israyeli emva koko banokubekwa ityala e-ICC.
Ndacinga ukuba ayisiyiyo into, uphendule watsho, kuba ukwamkelwa kwelizwe lasePalestina yinto eyinyani ukusukela ngonyaka we-1948. Inyaniso yokuba iipalamente zaseYurophu, njengesiFrentshi, zacelwa ukuba zivotele ukwamkelwa kwelizwe lasePalestine, le isiganeko. Ndikuchasile oko kuba zazimbini izisombululo: Nokuba yayingenamsebenzi kuba yayikukuphindaphinda nje kowe-1948, isikhumbuzo; okanye yayithetha ukuba yenye into kwaye kule meko yayithetha ukuba kwipalamente yase-France umbono osisiseko yayikukuba umqobo kuphela kuxolo yayingu-Israyeli, nto leyo ingeyonyani. Unezithintelo ezibini zoxolo: uSirayeli kunye namaPalestina. Unabadlali ababini abadlalayo apha, hayi namnye. AmaPalestina ayayeka ukurokra, uSirayeli uyeke ukwakha. AmaPalestina ayayeka ukuthumela iibhombu zabantu, u-Israyeli uyeke ukugcina inxenye yerhafu abayiqokelelayo kwimali ye-PLO. Indlela eya eluxolweni ifunyanwa ngokucinezela bobabini abadlali, ingenguye omnye. Eli nyathelo lamaFrentshi, amaSweden kunye nabanye babenentsingiselo yokucinga ukuba amaPalestina ayelungile nge-100% kwaye ama-Israyeli ayenetyala eli-100% lokuvalwa kwale nkqubo. Ayisiyonto ingenabulungisa, ayisebenzi kuba awukwazi ukufezekisa uxolo ngale ndlela.
IFransi, ngaphandle kokusemthethweni okanye ukuthembeka malunga namaJuda kunye namaSilamsi, ilungiselela ukuxhasa iingxoxo zoxolo phakathi kuka-Israyeli kunye ne-PLO eya kufuna ukuba iTel Aviv ishiye imimandla ekuhlalwa kuyo kwi-West Bank. Uninzi lukholelwa ukuba uMongameli u-Obama unokuba liqabane kwezi ntetho.
Kutheni ungaseki iKhomishini yeNyaniso noXolelwaniso eFrance efana naleyo yase Mzantsi Afrika naseRwanda? Ndimbuzile. Ukubeka yonke into ekuhleni: abamelwane balahlekisa abamelwane babo abangama-Yuda kumapolisa ase-France, ubukhoboka kwiikholoni, ukuba ungamisa abantu abalishumi kwizitrato zase-Paris akukho namnye ubengazi ukuba kude kube li-1946 ubukhoboka yayingumthetho welizwe Iikholoni zaseFrance, akukho namnye kwabayishumi owayenokwazi ukuba i-SNCF, kaloliwe wesizwe osekhona nanamhlanje, uhambise amawaka amaJuda kwiinkampu zokufa. Kodwa bonke bayazi ukuba abantu ngoku babonisa kwizitrato zaseParis bekhwaza ngokugrogrisa ngokufa kumaJuda kwaye abantu abangamaSilamsi eFrance benziwe ngoonyana neentombi zabaphambukeli abavela kwiikoloni zaseFrance. Ngaba ayizukuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokumisa ukunyuka okubonakalayo okungenakuphikiswa kweFront National? Ukudibanisa inani elikhulu labantwana beenkoloni eziziva ngathi zikhutshiwe, zibuyiselwe kubemi abakudidi lwesibini? 
(Ifoto: Emily Lembo)
Ngumbono olungileyo, eneneni, utshilo, kungafuneka ndicinge nyani ngale nto.
Uhlala uchaza inyani kunye nendalo yonke, ndimxelele. Ngaba umsebenzi wakho wawuyifilosofi ngokuchaseneyo nexesha lasemva kwexesha?
Ipostmodernity ayithethi nto, yinto eyenziweyo yaseMelika, waphendula. Nina nibeka ndawonye iitapile kunye nekholifulawa.
Ke makhe sithethe ngasemva kolwakhiwo emva koko, nditshilo.
Ndandisondele emsebenzini wam ekuboniseni amandla nguMichel Foucault, waphendula, ndakwazi ukwahlula uGilles Deleuze kuMichel Foucault kwaye ndandikufutshane noJacques Lacan noLouis Althusser emva koko ndandiseJacques Derrida. Ndabhala incwadi ngenyaniso Izinto ezenzeka kwiNyaniso apho ndihlola khona uburharha benyani kunye nentsingiselo yam kwindalo iphela ikufutshane neFoucault.
Ngapha koko, uGilles Deleuze wayengacingi kwanto nge-BHL njengoko esaziwa eFrance nakwiiFilosofi ezintsha awayecinga ukuba ‘azinamsebenzi’.
Kuthekani ngeHeidegger? Ndathi, Uyabona Ukuba kunye nexesha njengenye yeencwadi ezibalulekileyo ze-20thkwinkulungwane?
Ewe, kunjalo, waphendula, kwaye le yenye yeentlekele ezingenakuqondakala zefilosofi yokuba incwadi enjalo ibinokubhalwa lilungu eliphethe ikhadi leqela lamaNazi. Ndisandula ukunika intetho kwisimpoziyam nge-Heidegger, ifumaneka ngokulula kwi-YouTube. ( Nantsi , ngesiFrentshi.)
Ngaba ububizile uphononongo lwakho loncwadi Imigaqo yoMdlalo ngozuko lwemovie kaJean Renoir? Ndibuzile.
Ewe waphendula, kananjalo nembeko kaMichel Leiris. Ngokwenyani sipapashe udliwanondlebe andinike lona ngaphambi nje kokuba asweleke. Uyamazi?
Ewe, ndatsho, wayechasene nekoloniyali kodwa wayenendawo yakudala yokubetha abathwali baseAfrika ngexesha lokuhamba kwakhe apho. Kuyathakazelisa kuba unguMarcel Dalio ovela kwimovie yeRenoir, umntu osisityebi okruqukileyo engqondweni yakhe.
Yiza nam siye eLibya naseDarfur. Ndiyakulinga ukuba uze, lo ngumsebenzi omninzi, uphendule wathi. Njengomntu othanda u-Ingmar Bergman's NgeGlasi emnyama , Ndiza.
Ingxelo eyongezelelweyo nguEmily Lembo.
