La mathambo ayengawomntu, ofunyenwe elele elele kumgxobhozo wedike. Ukhakhayi lunezilonda ezininzi ngaphambili nangakwicala lasekhohlo, ngokuhambelana namanxeba aphumeziweyo, njengeklabhu. (Ityala: UGqirha Marta Mirazon Lahr)
Malunga neminyaka engama-10 000 eyadlulayo kwimpuma ye-Afrika, ichibi elityebileyo elinobutyebi, nelichumileyo elaziwa ngokuba yi-Nataruk yayisisiseko sombhodamo owaziwayo woluntu wokuqala owakhokelela ekubulaweni ngokumasikizi kwamadoda, abafazi nabantwana abangaphezulu kweshumi elinambini.
Ukufunyanwa kwesi siganeko kwenziwa ngabaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge iLeverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, abafunda amathambo exhoba amathambo ukubona ukuba olu dushe lungaba sisandulela sento esiyaziyo namhlanje njengemfazwe.
Ukubulawa kwabantu eNataruk kusenokwenzeka ukuba kubangelwe lilinge lokuthimba izixhobo - umhlaba, abafazi, abantwana, ukutya okugcinwe ezimbizeni - ixabiso lazo lalifana nelo lemihla yezolimo evelisa ukutya, phakathi kwabo ukuhlasela ngogonyamelo kwiindawo zokuhlala kwaba yinxalenye yobomi, utshilo. UGqr Marta Mirazon Lahr waseCambridge, owayekhokele isifundo seNataruk, epapashwe kulindixesha Indalo.
Ifunyenwe ngo-2012 malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-30 entshona kweLake Turkana, eKenya, le ndawo yafunyanwa ngononophelo kwaye yavavanywa kusetyenziswa i-radiocarbon ukuphelisa umhla wokubulawa kwabantu. Obu buchule bulinganisa ukubola kwesiqingatha-sobomi se-radioactive isotope (yekhabhoni) efumaneka kuphela kwizinto eziphilayo. Abaphandi basebenzise ilitye lentlenga elifunyenwe kufutshane nentsalela yokuseka ubalo maxesha.
Baye bagqiba kwelokuba ungquzulwano olushiye ubuncinci ama-27 ifile, lwenzeka ngaxesha lithile phakathi kwe-9 500 ukuya kwi-10 500 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwiminyaka yokuqala elandela i-Ice Age yokugqibela-eyaziwa ngokuba lixesha leHolocene. Ngamanye amaxesha kubhekiswa kuyo njengoMntu woMntu, eli xesha linika ingxelo nge-11 700 yeminyaka yokugqibela kwimbali eshicilelweyo yoluntu.
I-Nataruk kucingelwa ukuba yayilikhaya elityebileyo elinomgxobhozo kwaye lingqongwe lihlathi-ebonisa ukuba yayilikhaya elifanelekileyo kubemi abaninzi babazingeli. Abemi kunye namaxhoba alandelayo engxabano eyalandelayo, kucingelwa ukuba bangamalungu osapho olubanzi oluhlala apho kunye.
Le ndawo yayiya kuba yexabiso elikhulu kwabo basindayo kubutyebi bayo bamanzi acocekileyo kunye nentlanzi, into eyayiza kwenza ukuba ibe yinto ekujolise kuyo kubaphikisi bokuqala ababephikisana nayo. Kunye nentsalela yabantu, abaphandi bafumanisa izinto zodongwe ezibonisa ukuba abahlali bagcina ukutya kwabo - esinye isizathu sokuba abantu bangaphandle baphange le ndawo yokuhlala.
Abaphandi abafikanga kwisivumelwano malunga nokuba ubundlobongela baba yinxalenye yempucuko yoluntu njani kodwa bathi bahamba nathi ukusuka kwimbali yethu yendaleko okanye yabonakala kunye nokwakhiwa komhlaba kunye nobunini.
Phakathi kobungqina obubalisa ibali lale ngxabano yayililitye elimnyama elalisaziwa ngokuba yi-obsidian. Eli litye lalingasetyenziswanga ukwenza izixhobo ezinjengeengcebiso zomkhonto okanye iintloko zotolo kodwa kunqabile ukuba zifumaneke kwiindawo ezinjengeNataruk.
Ukufunyanwa kweli litye linyityilikisiweyo phakathi kwamathambo akhomba kuhlaselo oluvela ngaphandle.
I-Obsididi inqabile kwezinye iindawo zamva kwexesha ze-Stone Age zale ndawo kwi-West Turkana, enokuthi icebise ukuba la maqela mabini ajongane nase-Nataruk ayenamakhaya ahlukeneyo, ucacisile uGqirha Mirazon Lahr.
Oku kuyakwandisa imbali yeemeko ezifanayo nezentlalo nezoqoqosho ezibonisa ezinye iimeko zemfazwe zakuqala: indlela yokuzinza, etyebileyo. Nangona kunjalo, uNataruk unokuba nje bubungqina bempendulo esemgangathweni echasayo kwintlanganiso phakathi kwamaqela amabini ezentlalo ngelo xesha.
Ubutshaba obabuphakathi kwamaqela angabazingeli ababedla ngokukhokelela kubundlobongela obushiya abesilisa bamaqela aphikisayo beswelekile ngelixa ababhinqileyo nabantwana besoloko bebandakanywa kwiqela lokoyisa. Intsalela eyahlukeneyo eNataruk ibonisa ukuba oku mhlawumbi bekungenjalo.
Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba amanqaku athile eembambano eziqhutywa kukhuphiswano njengokuqhaqha amalungu okanye ukuthatha indebe azifumanekanga e-Nataruk.
Abantu abadala abangama-21 ababandakanya abesilisa abasibhozo, ababhinqileyo abasibhozo kunye nabahlanu abangaziwayo bafunyanwa kunye namathambo abantwana abathandathu. La maxhoba aselula onke ayephantsi kweminyaka emithandathu ubudala ngaphandle kwelinye apho uhlalutyo lwamazinyo lwababeka phakathi kweminyaka eli-12-15 ubudala.
Amathambo ali-12 afunyanwa kwi-tact kunye ne-10 yezo peyinti umfanekiso ocacileyo wokubulawa kwabantu. Amaxhoba ahlupheke ngamandla entloko, aphuke amathambo kuyo yonke imizimba yabo, kunye nokwenzakala okubulalayo okubangelwe zizixhobo zeprojekti.
Enye yamadoda yayinebhleyidi ebukhali eyenziwe nge-obsidian efakwe entlokweni yayo kodwa ingagqobhozi ngokupheleleyo ithambo. Olunye ukonzakala kumathambo afanayo lubonisa ukuba kusetyenziswa isixhobo sesibini ukutyumza intloko nobuso bexhoba.Indoda ibonakala ngathi ibethwe entloko ziiprojekhthi ezimbini kwaye nasemadolweni ngesixhobo esibukhali, esiwa ngobuso kumanzi anzulu echibi, utshilo uGqirha Mirazon Lahr. 
La mathambo ayengawomntu, afunyenwe elele exhomekeke kumgxobhozo wamachweba. Ukhakhayi lunezilonda ezininzi ngaphambili nangakwicala lasekhohlo, ngokuhambelana namanxeba aphumeziweyo, (iTyala: UGqirha Marta Mirazon Lahr, ophuculwe nguFabio Lahr)
Amathambo ambalwa afunyenwe ejonge phantsi kwaye amanye kwizikhundla ezibonisa ukubotshwa okanye ukuvalelwa entolongweni ngabahlaseli babo. Elinye lala maxhoba yayingumfazi kwiinyanga zokugqibela zokukhulelwa njengoko kubonakala kumathambo omntwana afunyenwe esiswini sakhe.
Ngelixa uphononongo luvavanye iintsalela zabantu abangama-27, akwaziwa ukuba bangaphi ababuleweyo ngexesha lohlaselo. Kuphela sisithambo se-fossilised fossilised esafunyanwa ngokupheleleyo kuhlalutyo lwasenkundleni.
Abembi bezinto zakudala kunye nabaphandi emva kolu phononongo abanako ukugqiba ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kutheni le ntsapho yabazingeli babulawa kabuhlungu, kodwa lelinye lawona matyala acacileyo obundlobongela bokuqala phakathi kwabantu.
Ukusweleka eNataruk bubungqina kumaxesha amandulo obundlobongela phakathi kwemfazwe kunye nemfazwe, uqukumbele uGqirha Marta Mirazon Lahr Olu luhlu lwabantu lurekhode ukubulala ngabom iqela elincinci labangcwatywanga ngabom, kwaye linika ubungqina obubodwa bokuba imfazwe yayiyinxalenye Ukuphindaphindeka kobudlelwane phakathi kwamaqela phakathi kwabathile babaqokeleli abazingeli.
URobin Seemangal ujolise kwi-NASA kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhangelwa kwendawo. Wazalelwa kwaye wakhulela eBrooklyn, apho ahlala khona ngoku. Mfumane I-Instagram Umxholo onxulumene nendawo: @iamfanlalisa
