(Ifoto: LearningLark / Flickr) Njengaye wonke umntwana, ndanyanzelwa ukuba ndifunde Fahrenheit 451 kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo.
Ukuba ubungandibuza ukuba ibimalunga nantoni kwiveki ephelileyo, ngendikuxelele: Abacimi-mlilo abatshisa iincwadi.
Kwaye ukuba ubungandibuza ukuba kutheni benze lo nto emhlabeni, ngendaphendula ngokuzithemba: Kuba urhulumente wobuzwilakhe wayefuna ukuba benze njalo.
Kukho umkhwa oza kubakho ukukhumbula ngokufanelekileyo imisebenzi yababhali abanjengoRay Bradbury kunye noAldous Huxley njengezilumkiso ngokuchasene nolawulo olungqongqo nolawulo. Kodwa oku kukrwela kuphela umphezulu wento ekuthethwa ngayo ezi ncwadi.
Kwangoko kulo nyaka umfundi wekholeji yaseSan Bernardino waqhankqalaza esithi makufundwe inoveli yemifanekiso kaNeil Gaiman kwenye yeeklasi zakhe. Yayimizobo kakhulu, ngokucacileyo. Utata wakhe-kubonakala ngathi akaqondi ukuba intombi yakhe ngumntu ozimeleyo (umntu omdala omncinci). uxelelwe ILos Angeles Times ,Ukuba [babebeke] into esisikhubekiso koku, ngekhe sithathe ikhosi. Umama waseTennessee ukhalaze ngelithi ulwazi kumlibo wamadoda asencwadini kwincwadi yezenzululwazi ethengisayo, Ubomi obungafiyo beHenrietta busilela, iphonografi kakhulu ngonyana wakhe webanga le-10.
Ngelixa ezi zikhalazo zigcinekayo malunga nomxholo weencwadi ngelishwa zindala njengexesha. Sikwabona ukunyuka kohlobo olwahlukileyo.
Umfundi weRutgers unayo kucetyiswa ukubeka izilumkiso ivuliwe Igatsby enkulu . Ingoma kaRobin Thicke Blurred Lines yayinjalo kuthintelwe kwiikholeji ezininzi yokukhuthaza udlwengulo. Kunyaka ophelileyo, abafundi baseWellesley wenze isikhalazo ukususa iprojekthi yobugcisa Ibonisa umfanekiso wobomi wendoda eleleyo inxibe impahla yangaphantsi ekhephu kuba ibangele uxinzelelo olungafanelekanga. Izithethi ezinempikiswano (uninzi lwendalo) zivaliwe ekuthetheni ekuqaleni kwekholeji. Ukuqokelela amagcisa-angazange abanjelwe ulwaphulo-mthetho- ziye zahluthwa i-visa ngenxa yokuhambahamba kwii-hashtag ze-Twitter .
Nge-Agasti, uIzebhele yaqhuba umxholo Ingcwele, ngubani owayecinga ukuba le noveli yamaNazi yothando yayiyimbono elungileyo? Ndiyakhumbula ndicinga, Um, mhlawumbi umbhali obalekayo ochithe ixesha elininzi ebhala. Nokuba baphumelele ekwenzeni nantoni na elungileyo, andinakutsho, kodwa ngaba kufuneka babe neentloni ngokuzama? Akunjalo ukuba akukho zincwadi ezilungileyo zamabali othando lwamaNazi. Ngapha koko, kukho enye ebizwa Umfundi!
Abantu kule mizekelo ngokuqinisekileyo bayinto ehlekisayo-kodwa akukho nto imbi. Akukho namnye kubo ozibona njengabahloli, ngokwendalo. Babenjalo uvakalelo , ngomsindo , ukukhusela okanye ukukhutshwa. Kwaye ukulunga, uninzi lwezikhalazo kunye noqhankqalazo luyekisa ukutsho ukuba oku akufuneki kuvunyelwe naphina.
Kodwa umahluko ubaluleke kancinci kunokuba bacinga.
Makhe sibuyele emva 451, endizifumene ndifunda ngokutsha kutshanje. Iqala ngoGuy Montag ukutshisa indlu eyayineencwadi. Ngoba? Kwenzeka njani ukuba babe ngabacimi-mlilo itshisiwe iincwadi endaweni yokucima imililo njengoko bebehlala besenza?
Abacimi-mlilo kudala beyenza bengazi. Uninzi lwabo aluzange lufunde nencwadi. Ngaphandle komcimi-mlilo — uCaptain Beatty — obehleli ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuba angakhumbula ukuba kwakunjani ngaphambili. Njengokuba uMontag eqala ukuwuthandabuza umsebenzi wakhe — ade afihle nencwadi endlwini yakhe — uthethiswa nguBeatty. Kuyo uBeatty ucacisa ukuba yayingenguye urhulumente ogqibe ekubeni iincwadi zisisisongelo. Yayingabemi ekuhlaleni.
Khange ivele kurhulumente ezantsi, uyamxelela. Kwakungekho bizo, akukho sibhengezo, kungekho thintelo, ukuqala, hayi!
Ngapha koko, yayiyinto elula — into ekufanele ukuba ivakala iqhelekile. Yayingumnqweno wokungakhubekisi-umbono oqinisekileyo wokuba wonke umntu alingane ngokulinganayo. Kwaye esiphelweni sale ntetho sifumana indawo yokubulala:
Kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba impucuko yethu inkulu kakhulu kangangokuba asinakubacaphukisa abantu bethu abancinci. Zibuze, Sifuna ntoni kweli lizwe ngaphezu kwako konke? Abantu bafuna ukonwaba, akunjalo?… Abantu bebala abayithandi Umnyama omncinci uSambo . Yitshise. Abantu abamhlophe abaziva mnandi malunga Umalume Tom's Cabin . Yitshise. Umntu ubhale incwadi ngecuba kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga? Abantu becuba bayalila? Yitshise incwadi. Ukuzola, iMontag. Luxolo, Montag. Thatha umlo wakho ngaphandle. Ngcono ngoku, kwi-incinerator.
Kwaye ngaphambili wena khubeka, masicacise ukuba yintoni uBradbury athetha ngayo ngabantu abambalwa. Akathethi ngobuhlanga. Uthetha ngayo ngendlela efanayo naleyo uMadison noHamilton benza ngayo kwiFederalist Papers. Uthetha ngamaqela amancinci, anomdla azama ukunyanzela isininzi ukuba sibambelele kwiinkolelo zabambalwa.
Andithethi ukukhetha ipeyinti. Andiboni sidingo sokufumba abafundi beekholeji njengabanoxanduva ikakhulu kwi ikhowudi yengqondo yaseMelika . (Isiqwenga esikhulu, funda.) Nangona ndiyifumanisa ingumnqa into yokuba sifuna ukuba abantwana bayifunde le ncwadi kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kwaye kwiminyaka nje embalwa (okanye iinyanga) kamva, bakhokele umrhumo ngokuchanekileyo kuhlobo lweenjongo ezintle Uvimba uBradbury wayethetha ngawo. Andithethi ukuba le mizekelo isondela kuhlobo lokunyanzelwa okungaphaya komntu wonke umntu oqiqayo woyika. Kodwa ndithetha ukuthi bavela endaweni enye-kwaye ngendlela eyothusayo-ekugqibeleni baphela kunye kwindawo embi kakhulu.
Kwiphepha lokukhumbula iminyaka engama-50, uBradbury ubandakanya igama elifutshane emva kokunika iingcinga zakhe kwinkcubeko yangoku. Phantse ngokungathi uthetha ngokuthe ngqo ngezi ziganeko zingasentla, wabhala: Zininzi iindlela zokutshisa incwadi. Kwaye umhlaba ugcwele ngabantu ababaleka behamba ngemidlalo ebengezelayo.
Kukho intetho ethi: Indlela eya esihogweni yenziwe ngeenjongo ezintle. Xa kuziwa ekunyanzelweni, umntu unokuthi indlela eya ekucingeni nasekulawuleni intetho yenziwe ngabantu abazama ukukhusela iimvakalelo zabanye abantu.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba namhlanje, sinenkqubo yemithombo yeendaba ehlawulwa ngumbono wephepha kwaye ngenxa yoko sikhuthazwe kukukhuthaza ngokwenyani kwezemali ukufumana izinto ezinokukhubekisa-kuba ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nomsindo zizinto ezibangela ukugcwala. Sinelinye icandelo labantu—abanye bababiza ngokuba ngamaGosa oBulungisa beNtlalo -abathe, nangona benyanisekile kwinkolelo, bakwazile ukwakha amaqonga amakhulu ngokuqamba imicimbi kunye neengxabano abathi bakhwele kuzo babalasele kwaye babe nefuthe. Umntu unokuzibiza zombini ezi ntlobo Abaxhamli beRage .Basenza riled up, babhenela kwimibono yethu yobulungisa kunye novelwano-ngubani othanda ukubona iimvakalelo zomnye umntu zibuhlungu? -Ngakhathalelwanga ukuba zithini na iziphumo.
Ewe kunjalo, isisombululo sokwenyani nesinobulungisa asichanekanga kangako kwezopolitiko kodwa siyasebenza. Kukuyeka ukuzama ukukhusela iimvakalelo zabantu.Indlela oziva ngayo yingxaki yakho, ayiyiyo eyam- kwaye kungenjalo.
Ukuxhotyiswa ngokwenyani kunye nentlonipho kukubona abanye abemi-amaxhoba kunye nelungelo, inkolo kunye ne-agnostic, i-conservative kunye nenkululeko-njengabantu abadala. Abantu abazizo ii-automatons-ezilawulwa ziidrive kunye nezinto ezinokubangela ukuba bangakwazi ukuzilawula. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, sinako ukugqiba ekubeni singakhubeki. Sinako ukuqonda injongo. Sinakho ukwahlula isenzo somnye umntu okanye ukucaphukisa okanye ukungazi kuthi. Olu luphuculo olukhulu lokuqonda-yeyona nto isahlulayo kwizilwanyana.
Okwahlulahlula sisakhono sethu soku uvelwano . Kodwa indlela esivakalisa ngayo uvelwano kwintetho esigqiba kuyisebenzisa lukhetho ekufuneka lwenziwe ngumntu ngamnye kuthi. Abanye bethu bazii-crass, abanye bethu banolwazelelelo. Abanye bethu bafumana uburharha kuyo yonke into, abanye bethu abayifumani. Kubalulekile nathi-kodwa abo bethu bayakholelwa kwaye baphile ubomi bethu ngovakalelo oluthile abanako ukuxhaphaza abanye abantu ukuba benze njalo nabo. Olo hlobo lokoyisa injongo.
Kukho isicatshulwa esimnandi esivela kuEpictetus endicinga ngaso sonke ixesha xa ndibona umntu ecaphuka kakhulu malunga nenye yezi zinto (ndizama ukucinga ngayo xa Mna caphuka malunga nantoni na): Ukuba umntu othile uyaphumelela ukukucaphukisa, qaphela ukuba ingqondo yakho ihambelana nokucaphukisa.
Wathi kwiminyaka eli-1 900 eyadlulayo. Nalapho sava ukuba kulula ukubamba amapolisa ngaphandle kunokujonga ngaphakathi.
Ukulawula kunye nokuziphatha kweempendulo zakhe kwenza umntu ophumeleleyo kunye noluntu olusebenzayo.Andicingi ukuba ufuna ukuhlala kwihlabathi apho kungalindelwanga kuthi sonke. Andicingi ukuba ufuna ukubona izinto eziyakudinga ukwenzeka xa umthwalo wokuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu wonwabile kwaye angakhubeki ubekwa kurhulumente-okanye mandundu, ibhlogoli eyonakeleyo nenobukrakra.
Kodwa kubonakala ngathi yindlela esihamba ngayo. Nangona silunyukisiwe.
URyan Holiday ngumbhali othengisa kakhulu Ndithembe, ndiyaxoka: Ukuvuma koMlawuli weendaba . URyan ungumhleli-omkhulu we-Braganca, kwaye Uhlala eAustin, eTexas.
Udibanise nalento Uluhlu lweencwadi ezili-15 ukuba awuzange uve ukuba iya kutshintsha umbono wakho wehlabathi, ikuncede ugqwese kwikhondo lakho kwaye ikufundise indlela yokuphila ubomi obungcono.
