Umongameli wase-US uDonald Trump, kunye noSlobodan Milošević, igorha laseSerbia elatyhala iYugoslavia kwiliwa ngaphezulu kwekota yenkulungwane eyadlulayo, lisusa iimfazwe kunye nohlanga.Imifanekiso kaGetty Yindawo edumileyo kunye nomdlalo weendaba kwezentlalo kwezi ntsuku ukuthelekisa uDonald Trump koozwilakhe abohlukeneyo. Oku kuyalingwa, xa sinikwe i-45 yethuthUkuzibandakanya kukaMongameli kwimikhwa yobuzwilakhe njengokucaphuka kuka-tweeting kwiiarhente zikaRhulumente angazithandiyo, okanye ukubonisa ukungawuthobeli umthetho xa ufika ngendlela yakhe. Abantu baseMelika abakuqhelanga ukudlala ngothando okunyanzelekileyo okufana nokutyumza i-CNN ngegazi ngesihlangu sikaTrump, kwaye uninzi lwazo alufuni kulungelelanisa isimilo esinjalo.
Abantu abangakumbi abachasene neTumpers baxhuma kwangoko baya kuAdolf Hitler, ukuthelekisa okungenangqondo kunye nokuphula umthetho Umthetho kaGodwin Oko kuthetha ngakumbi ngabo kunoMongameli Trump. Abanye bakhetha uBenito Mussolini, othanda uTrump owayenecala elaziwayo lokuba nguzwilakhe ukunqongophala ongazange afezekise izinto ezininzi. Inkokeli yamva nje yase-Italiya, uSilvio Berlusconi, ubonakala ethelekiswa ngcono, kuba njengoTrump waziqhayisa ngokuzonwabisa kwakhe ngokwesondo kwaye wenza njenge-louche, wayengusebhiliyoniyali. Nangona kunjalo, uBerlusconi akazange azimisele ukwenza okuninzi ngaphandle kokufumana amandla, ngelixa uTrump eshumayela engayeki malunga nomnqweno wakhe wokwenza iMelika ukuba ibeNkulu kwakhona.
Olona thelekiso lubalaseleyo lolungekhe luqheleke kubantu abaninzi baseMelika kwaye iphazamisa ngokuphandle. Uzwilakhe ofana kakhulu noDonald Trump nguSlobodan Milošević, igorha laseSerbia elatyhala iYugoslavia kwiliwa ngaphezulu kwekota yenkulungwane eyadlulayo, lisusa iimfazwe nohlanga, laza lasweleka e-The Hague ngo-2006 ngexa lokuthethwa kwetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Nangona uMilošević wayeyindaba ephambili kwiphepha lonke le-1990s, ukusukela ekufeni kwakhe uye waphela kulwazi lwaseNtshona. Ke ngoko, kufanelekile ukuba uphinde ubuye uMilošević, kuba ukufana kwakhe noTrump kuyothusa.
Okokuqala, makhe siphume ngendlela uMilošević noTrump babengafani ngayo. Ngelixa le yokugqibela ingumntu otshatileyo okwenyani we-TV show ohlala kwikhamera kwaye engakwazi ukuvala okanye ukuhlala ngaphandle kwimidiya yoluntu, owayesakuba ngumsebenzi wamaKomanisi ongenambala, indoda yabucala ezinikele emfazini wayo kwaye enesidima esithile. Njengobuntu ekuhlaleni babengenokwahluka ngakumbi.
Nangona kunjalo ukujongwa ngokukuko kubume babo bezopolitiko kubonakalisa ukufana okuxhalabisayo. NjengoTrump, uMilošević wenza igama lakhe kwezemali, edlala imidlalo enesithukuthezi ngemali yabanye abantu, kwaye waya phambili kwinkqubo yaseYugoslavia ngenxa yokunxibelelana nabantu ngaphezu kobuchule bobuchule. UMilošević, njengoTrump, wasebenzisa abantu ngokungakhathali, nditsho nabahlobo bakhe abasenyongweni, kwaye wabalahla xa kungasafuneki (ekupheleni kolawulo lwakhe, uMilošević wabulawa ngumhlobo wakhe wangaphambili kunye nomcebisi); ukunyaniseka kuzo zombini iindlela ezizezinye.
Ukunyuka okungalindelekanga kuka-Miloševi in phakathi kwe-1980s kuya kuphindwaphindwa nguTrump kumashumi amathathu eminyaka kamva. Emva kokusweleka komphathi wexesha elide weqela laseYugoslavia uMarshal Tito ngo-1980, ilizwe langena ekuwohlokeni. I-Yugoslavia yayingene nzulu kwiibhanki zamanye amazwe, uqoqosho lwayo olwalugula lukhule luxhomekeke ekufumaneni imali yaseNtshona ukuba iqhubeke nokusebenza, kwaye phakathi kwiminyaka ye-1980 isikimu seTito sikaPonzi sasisiwa. Ngenxa yoko, intswela-ngqesho yaya isanda kwaye i-avareji yamaYugoslavs, awayeqhele ukuya kufikelela kumanqanaba asentshona entuthuzelo yabathengi, akubona kuphuma oko phambi kwamehlo abo. Walandelwa ngumsindo.
Ngenxa yesidubedube soqoqosho, kwaqhuma ubundlobongela kwezopolitiko, nakwiYugoslavia eyahlukeneyo, eya kuthi ke yenze ubuzwe. Ubuzwe baseSerbia, i-taboo kumashumi eminyaka phantsi kobuKomanisi, yavela phantsi komkhenkce phakathi kwiminyaka ye-1980 ngenzondelelo eyingozi. Kunzima ukuqonda ngokusengqiqweni ukuba kutheni amaSerb eziva ekhathazekile. Babelona qela likhulu leYugoslavia kwaye nangalo naluphi na uxanduva babelawula ilizwe. Ngaphandle kwemizamo yamaKomanisi efikelela kude kwinto esiya kuthi yi-Affirmative Action (bayibiza ngokuba sisitshixo sobuzwe), beqinisekisa ukuba inani elincinci lifumana inani elilinganayo kwimisebenzi nakwi-sinecure, amaSerb asabambe uninzi lwemisebenzi emikhulu kulawulo lwamaKomanisi nakumaziko alo, kwaye balawula umkhosi waseYugoslavia nakwezomkhosi.
Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwamaSerb babenomsindo phakathi kweminyaka yee-1980, bebukele ukhuseleko lwabo lwezoqoqosho luphela njengoko bejamelene nokwehla kwenani labantu. Oku kuye kwafikelela kwi-Kosovo, iphondo elizimeleyo laseSerbia phakathi kwe-1950s kunye nee-1980s ukusuka ekubeni sisibini kwisithathu seAlbania kunye nekota yeSerbia ukuya kwiipesenti ezingama-80 zaseAlbania kunye neepesenti ezili-10 zaseSerbia. Kuba uninzi lwembali yaseSerbia yayinxulunyaniswa neKosovo, oku kwehla kwabantu kuye kwafikelwa luloyiko eBelgrade, apho uninzi lwamaSerb lwalubonisa njengeyelenqe laseAlbania lokubagxotha.
Ngo-1987, umba waseKosovo wawulawula ezopolitiko zaseSerbia, kwaye ngaphandle kwesikhundla uSlobodan Milošević, umphathi weqela owayesonyuka, watsibela kwiqela lobuzwe. Wayengazange abonakalise mdla mncinci kubuzwe, ubuqu okanye ezopolitiko, kwaye wayebonakala engenabo ubuhlanga inzondo isiqu sakhe, ukanti waqonda ukuba umba yayilitikiti lakhe lokuba semandleni. Ngequbuliso uMilošević wazenza intshatsheli esidlangalaleni kumaSerb akhathazekileyo aseKosovo, ebathembisa ukuba uya kuwakhusela amalungelo abo. Ngobusuku nje obunye, uMiloševi a waba yinto evakalayo-owepolitiki wokuqala ukwaphula imigaqo esemthethweni malunga nokwamkela ubuzwe-kunye neqhawe kubantu baseSerbia abanomsindo kuyo yonke indawo.
Ngobuqili wasebenzisa ubuzwe ukuze athabathe amandla phezu kweSerbia kwaye ekugqibeleni naseYugoslavia. Ngasekupheleni kuka-1989, uMilošević wayeyinkosi yelizwe, umrhwebi wombuso ekwizinga eliphantsi. Amaziko awayemthintela — inkqubo yezopolitiko yaseYugoslavia, umkhosi kunye nabezokhuselo- bahlaselwa, bakhutshwa kwiintshaba zabo, emva koko baphinda basebenza ngeMilošević pawns kunye neekroni.
Yintoni i-novice strongman engazange icwangcise kuyo, nangona kunjalo, yayikukunyuka kobuzwe obukhuphisanayo ngokuchasene neSerbia. Isoyikiso se-chauvinism yaseSerbia sabothusa abantu baseAlbania, kwaye kungekudala amaCroatia namaSlovenia. Ubutshaba obudala babuya. Ngehlobo lowe-1991, iSlovenia neCroatia babhengeza inkululeko kwiYugoslavia eyayilawulwa nguMilošević, benyusa umanyano lwezobupolitika kwaye babamba uthotho lweemfazwe zobuhlanga ezazithwaxa lo mmandla de kwaphela iminyaka elishumi. Namhlanje, uninzi lwelizwe elalisakuba yiYugoslavia lihleli lihlwempuzekile, likhohlakele ngakumbi, liziintlaba-zahlukane ngokobuhlanga, kwaye ligcwele ulwaphulo-mthetho kunokuba kwakunjalo ngelo xesha iMilošević yathimba izembe lobuzwe baseSerbia yaza yalisebenzisa ukugawula ilizwe.
IMilošević yonakalisa iSerbia kanye njengokuba yonakalisa uninzi lweYugoslavia, ibangela amanxeba ezopolitiko, ezentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho ezibonisa iimpawu ezimbalwa zokuphiliswa nangoku. Enyanisweni, akazange akhathalele amaSerb, wayefuna nje igunya. Ngokunikezela ngengubo yobuzwe, wakhohlisa amaSerb ngokuwaxelela into abafuna ukuyiva: Ndiza kukukhusela. Ndiza kuyikhusela iSerbdom. Ndiya kubuyisa impumelelo. Akukho nanye eyayiyinyani. Isicwangciso sakhe sokwenza iSerbia ukuba ibeNkulu kwakhona yayingeyonto ngaphandle komsitho. Nje ukuba afumane amandla, uMilošević wayengazi ukuba makenze ntoni; Wayengcono ekuthetheni ngomlilo kunokwenyani. Ngenxa yoko, iMilošević yacombulula ingxaki emva kwengxaki kwaye yashiya emva iSerbia eyaphukileyo nehlwempuzekileyo, incinci kwaye ibuthathaka kunangaphambili kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala.
Ngexesha lokuqonda ukuba amaSerb ebekhonkxiwe, kwakusele kudala; Ilizwe lalisele lonakele, kwaye uMilošević wakwazi ukubambelela de kwaba kukuwa kuka-2000, enkosi kulawulo lwakhe kumajelo eendaba kunye namapolisa, etyebisa usapho kunye neehanger zakhe kuwo onke amanyathelo endlela. Ukuthi ekugqibeleni abuyiselwe eHague ukuze ajongane nobulungisa kubonakala ngathi akonelanga xa kuthelekiswa nentshabalalo eyashiywa nguSlobodan Milošević ekuvukeni kwakhe.
Ungakuqonda ukunyuka okumangalisayo kukaDonald Trump kwi-2015-16 ngokutshintsha nje ubuzwe baseSerbia bobuzwe obumhlophe: ukufana kuyothusa kwaye kuyaphazamisa. UTrump, owayengazange abonakalise mdla ungako kwimbonakalo yabasebenzi abamhlophe ngelixa wayesakha ubukhosi bakhe beflimflam yee gauche condos kunye neekhasino, ngequbuliso wazibuyisela njengentshatsheli yabo. Ngokuxelela abantu abanomsindo nabachaseneyo kanye le nto bafuna ukuyiva, uTrump wadala umbutho wezopolitiko ngobusuku obunye kwaye ngokumangalisayo wakhwela ngqo kwi-White House.
Ngoku ulapho, uMongameli uTrump uye wasilela ekufezekiseni izithembiso zakhe ezikhulu kwisiseko sakhe. Iingoma zoKwakha udonga ukugcina ubalo lwangoku lwaseMelika luthe cwaka, ngelixa u-Trumpian populism ejika esiqhelweni esithetha ikhabethe eligcwele alumni kaGoldman Sachs kunye nokucuthwa kwerhafu kwezityebi. Okwangoku, ukuphatha kukaTrump ngobuhlanga obumhlophe kubonakala ngathi kukunganyaniseki njengoMilošević waseSerbia.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ewe, iMelika ithintele ikamva leYugoslavia. Sililizwe elikhulu kakhulu kwaye lityebile, kwaye uqoqosho lwethu, kuzo zonke iingxaki zalo zolwakhiwo, alunangxaki kangako kuneYugoslavia eyayinayo ngeminyaka yoo-1980. Ziindaba ezimnandi ezo. Iindaba ezimbi zezokuba uDonald Trump uvule into efanayo kwiimpethu ze-ethno-nationalist ezenziwa nguSlobodan Milošević, kwaye ukuba uqhubeka ephembelela loo mililo ngelixa engenzi nto kwisiseko sakhe esinomsindo nesikude, iMelika isenokuphinda ifane neYugoslavia ngaphezulu Nabani na ophilileyo kufuneka afune.
UJohn Schindler yingcali yezokhuseleko kunye nowayesakuba ngumhlalutyi weArhente yoKhuseleko kuZwelonke kunye negosa lobukrelekrele. Ingcali kwezobuntlola kunye nobunqolobi, ukwaligosa lomkhosi wamanzi kunye nenjingalwazi yeWar College. Upapashe iincwadi ezine kwaye uku-Twitter ku @ 20committee.
