Ukucutha: Indlela emfutshane yeBongo yokuqonda kunye nokukhumbula ulwazi

I-Aoccdrnig kwi-rscheearch e-Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, ayisi mttaer kwi-waht oredr i-ltteers kwi-wrod yile, i-olny iprmoetnt tihng i-taht i-frist kunye ne-lsat ltteer ibe kwi-rghit pclae. Ukuseta kwakhona kunokuba yimessage ye-toatl kwaye unokuyibeka kwisitayile se-wouthit porbelm. I-Tihs yi-bcuseae i-huamn mnid deos ayizukuphanda nge-istlef, kodwa i-wrod njenge-wlohe.

Lo mhlathi wawusasazwa kwi-Intanethi kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo. Into eyichazayo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-typoglycemia, kukukwazi ukuqonda amagama xa oonobumba bokuqala nabokugqibela bezinzile, kodwa oonobumba abaphakathi bayaxakaniseka. Ingqondo yakho ibeka oonobumba ngokulandelelana kwakhona.

Ngokuka-Ashwini Nadkarni, MD, umlawuli we-Digital Integrated Care kwi-Psychiatry kunye noMyaleli kwi-Harvard Medical School, typoglycemia yi-neologism (igama elisandula ukwenziwa) elenziwe kwisimaphambili typo kunye nesimamva glycemia. I-typoglycemia isenza ukuba sikwazi ukubona amagama ngokuthelekisa umxholo wangaphakathi wencwadi ekhokelwa ziimpawu ezimbalwa, ezinjengeeleta zangaphandle. Logama oonobumba bangaphandle bamagama behleli ngokufanayo, itypoglycemia ibamba amandla ethu okuwaqonda, utshilo.

UNadkarni wongeza ukuba i-chunking, ehambelana kakhulu ne-typoglycemia, eneneni iyi- indlela emfutshane yokuqonda ukuba ingqondo yethu isebenzisa ukwahlula ulwazi olungacwangciswanga lube ngamacandelo anentsingiselo ngakumbi ukuze ulwazi lukhunjulwe ngokukuko. Ngandlela thile, i-chunking luhlobo lwesixhobo se-mnemonic, utshilo. Umzekelo, ukuba ubuya kukhawulezisa ukufunda iphepha, unokusebenzisa ukucofa iphepha ngokwendlela nganye, emva koko ufunde umhlathi ngamnye ngokuwuqonda njengeyunithi enye kunokuba ngumtya wezivakalisi. Ngokufanayo, kwi-typoglycemia, sifunda kwaye siqonde amagama ngamanye xa ewonke.

I-typoglycemia kunye nokusika yimizekelo yendlela iingqondo zethu ezisebenza ngayo kulwazi, wongeza uGqr.Margaret King, umlawuli weZiko leZifundo zeNkcubeko kunye noHlahlelo ePhiladelphia. Umhlaba obonakalayo ubonwa ziimvakalelo emva koko wakhiwa ngaxeshanye yingqondo ukwenza ingqiqo-esekwe ekuqondeni ipateni, ulwazi lwangaphambili kunye namava. Oku kuchaza indlela esinokuwujonga ngayo umtya woonobumba abancinci kwaye sisakwazi ukubona iipateni eziphambili kuzo, oonobumba bokuqala nabokugqibela. Iingqondo zethu ziyakwazi ukuzalisa izithuba ezingenanto (iileta ezicwangcisiweyo), inkqubo yokuhlela eyenza ukuba amagama afanele ukulindela kwethu kunye noqikelelo. UKumkani walatha kumzekelo weklasikhi: ukwenza igama elivela kwinombolo yomnxeba yokugcina imemori okanye ukuthatha umhla onje ngo-12251950 ngaphandle kowe-12-25-1950 ukuvelisa uSuku lweKrisimesi ngo-1950. isayensi yememori.

URachel Wu, unjingalwazi kwizifundo zengqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eRiverside, uthi kwezinye iimeko, ukuqhawuka kunceda abantu benze izigqibo. Isivumela ukuba siqokelele ulwazi olunentsingiselo kumaqela ukuze olu lwazi lungasebenzisi izixhobo ezininzi zengqondo, utshilo. Umzekelo, ungathenga ukutya kwesidlo sasemini, nokuba awazi ngqo ukuba ufuna ukutya ntoni, kuba unolwazi malunga nodidi lokutya. Kwindlela enye egqithileyo, ukusikwa kwe-chunking kungakhokelela kwiingcinga ezikhohlakeleyo, apho udibanisa abantu bohlobo oluthile kunye kwaye unike ulwazi olufanayo kubo bonke, nokuba ayiyonyani.

USrini Pillay, MD, ugqirha wezengqondo waseHarvard kunye nombhali wencwadi Tinker, Dabble, Doodle, Zama: Vula amandla eNqondo engaJoliswanga , uphikisa ukuba ukusika kungasetyenziswa xa kufundwa iintshukumo, ezinje ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo esindululo sethenisi, okanye xa uzama ukukhumbula ukulandelelana kolwazi okude, njengesabelo esintsonkothileyo esinokwahlulwa sibe ngamanqanaba: uphando lokuqala , emva koko nibonisane, ze emva koko wenze isicwangciso sokuqala, ze emva koko ubhale isicwangciso sokugqibela.

UPillay wongeza ukuba ayingawo onke amagama axubeneyo anokuhla ngengqondo. Ngaphandle kokungabikho, umzekelo ongentla usabonisa amandla engqondo okuba 'ajoyine amachaphaza' ngaphandle kolungelelwaniso. Njengoko inxulumene nokusika, xa usaphula imisebenzi, nangaphandle kokulandelelana, ingqondo yakho ineendlela zokuyibuyisela ngokulandelelana kwakhona.

Chunking iluncedo kulawulo lwexhala. Xa sinexhala, iziko lobuchopho elixhalabisayo liphazamisa ukutyibilika kokucinga ngenxa yokudibana phakathi kwemimandla 'yokucinga nokuziva' yengqondo, utshilo uPillay. Chunking inokunceda i-cortex yangaphambili (i-DLPFC) yangaphambili ibuye izinze.

Ukuncipha kunceda kwakhona amaxhoba ukubetha. Ukugcina ubuchopho kwakhona kwi-chunk kunokubanceda ukuba bahambe ngokukuko kwaye baqhubekeke nolwazi ngokulula.

Kuphononongo lwentshukumo emva kokubethwa sistroke, uprofesa wezonyango uLara Boyd kunye neqela lakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseBritish Columbia bafumanise ukuba abaguli abanesifo sistroke abakwazanga ukufunda ukulandelelana kwentshukumo, okt abakwazanga ukuzikhulula. Inxalenye yengqondo ebandakanyeka ekunqumleni, i-basal ganglia, yayonakalisiwe. Ugqirha Nicholas Wymbs, umphandi ogqirha kwisebe le-UC Santa Barbara lezeNzululwazi ngezeMpilo kunye nezoBuchwephesha, kunye noogxa bakhe baxele ukuba uqeqesho kwi-chunk lunokufumana neminye imimandla yobuchopho ukunceda.

Ukuba ujonga ukuphazamiseka apho typoglycemia iphazamiseka, umzekelo kwi-alexia emsulwa (okanye ileta ngokufundwa kweleta), sifunda okuthile malunga nesiseko se-neuroanatomical yendlela esifundeka ngayo, utshilo uNadkarni. I-alexia echanekileyo ingenzeka ngokubetha. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abasafundi amagama xa ewonke kodwa bazama ukufunda ngokubiza igama ngalinye kwileta. Oku kubonakala njengokulahleka, umzekelo, xa umntu ezama ukufunda igama elithi 'ifowuni,' efuna ukuba siqonde ukuba oonobumba 'ph' bafundwa njengo 'f' endaweni yokuba 'ph.' Ke, umntu akanakukwazi funda. I-alexia esulungekileyo ibangelwa kukonakala kweendlela ze-neural kwindawo yasekhohlo ye-occipital temporal, ejolise ngokukodwa ekuqondeni igama.

U-Pablo Solomon uphikisa ukuba ukongeza kwindlela ingqondo enokugcwalisa ngayo izithuba ngokubona umfanekiso omkhulu, i-chunking ikwayindlela evavanya ngokuzenzekelayo imeko-bume esingqongileyo. Ndiyathandabuza ukusebenzisa igama elithi 'profiling' ukusika, njengoko inokuba nentsingiselo engeyiyo, utsho umcebisi oqeqeshiweyo kunye nalowo wayesakuba ngumcebisi kwiSebe leMfundo laseMelika, apho wenza khona iinkqubo zokulinga zokutshintsha abantu abadala abancinci abanomonakalo omncinci wobuchopho. Nangona kunjalo, ukwenza iprofayili kanye yile nto yenziwa yingqondo yethu ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ngesantya esimangalisayo, ukubeka ndawonye uvavanyo lwabantu esidibana nabo kunye neemeko ezintsha.

USolomon wongeza ukuba abantu kufuneka bayithembe inkangeleko yabo kwaye bazimisele ukuyikhwela. Kwiimeko ezininzi, luluvo lwakhe lokuba kungcono ukuba sithembele kwimo yethu kunokuba singayihoyi okanye siziva sinetyala malunga negalelo elibi. Amaxhoba amaninzi okudlwengulwa andixelele ukuba 'anemvakalelo' yokuphepha imeko okanye umntu, kodwa abayihoyanga kuba becinga ukuba 'bayabhanxa' okanye banobuhlanga. '

Idatha yedatha yaseRice Neologisms Database ichaza igama elithi typoglycemia njengomdlalo kumagama ngenxa yesalathiso semvano-siphelo kunye nokufana kwesandi kwi-hypoglycemia. UTypo, impazamo yokuchwetheza, idityaniswa ngokulula kwi-hypoglycemia, isifo esibonakaliswa ngamanqanaba eswekile esegazini ngokungaqhelekanga. Nangona i-typoglycemia ivakala ngathi ligama lonyango, ayihambelani nangayiphi na indlela kwi-glycemia, ubukho be-glucose egazini.