Ikhuseleke kangakanani Inkukhu engeniswe eTshayina? Imibuzo Emihlanu Iyaphendulwa

Inqaku lomhleli: Phantsi kwesivumelwano sezorhwebo esigqitywe ngoMeyi, i-China iqalile ukuthumela inkukhu e-United States. Abagxeki bakhombe kwirekhodi lase China ngemicimbi yokhuseleko lokutya kwaye bathi isivumelwano sibeka phambili urhwebo kwimpilo yoluntu. Apha uMaurice Pitesky, ingcali yokwandisa iinkukhu kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, iDavis School of Veterinary Medicine egxile kwimpilo yenkukhu kunye nokhuseleko lokutya, uphendula imibuzo emihlanu malunga nokungenisa inkukhu yamaTshayina.

Kutheni i-United States ingenisa inkukhu isuka e-China? Ngaba sinqongophele?

Akunjalo. I-United States ngoyena mvelisi weenkukhu mkhulu ehlabathini, kwaye umthengisi wesibini ngobukhulu wenkukhu emva kweBrazil. Nangona kunjalo, njengenxalenye yesivumelwano sentengiselwano yamazwe amabini, i-China ivumile ukwamkela ukungeniswa kwe-yenkomo kunye negesi yendalo esuka eUnited States. Ukutshintshiselana, i-United States ivumela i-China ukuba ithumele ngaphandle inyama yenkukhu ephekiweyo e-United States.

Kutheni iTshayina ingasithumela inkukhu ephekiweyo kuphela?

Oku kunokwenzeka kakhulu ekuphenduleni inkxalabo malunga nokusasazeka komkhuhlane wentaka ukusuka kwintaka eluhlaza iye eUnited States. Intsholongwane ye-avian influenza inokuthi ichaphazele iinkukhu zaseMelika okanye iintaka kwaye isasaze ezi ntsholongwane eMantla Melika. Ezinye zezi ntsholongwane zinokosulela abantu.

UMzantsi no Mzantsi mpuma weAsia banabantu abaninzi, banabavelisi beenkukhu ezininzi, abathengisi kunye neemarike apho abantu bevezwa ziintaka eziphilayo-zonke iimeko ezinegalelo ekusasazeni komkhuhlane weentaka. Ukusukela ngo-2013 i-China iqinisekisile I-1,557 yamatyala abantu e-AH7N9 umkhuhlane kwaye Ukufa kwabantu abangama-370 . Umthengisi waseTshayina uhlamba isitokhwe senkuku kwintengiso yenkukhu ngo-Epreli 11, 2013.Imifanekiso ye-STR / AFP / Getty

Ukunikezelwa kwimbali yaseTshayina yeengxaki zokhuseleko lokutya, ngaba abathengi baseMelika kufuneka babe nexhala lokutya inyama yenkukhu apho?

I-China sele ingumboneleli wesithathu ophambili wokutya kunye nokungeniswa kwezolimo e-United States. Abathengi base-US batya iintlanzi zase-China ezingeniswe ngaphandle, i-shellfish, iijusi, iziqhamo ezinqiniweyo kunye nemifuno.

Ukuba iinkukhu ziphekwe ngokufanelekileyo, akukho ngozi kukhuseleko lokutya kwiintsholongwane okanye kwiibhaktheriya. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iinkukhu aziphekwanga kakuhle, okanye ukuba kukho uhlobo oluthile lokungcoliseka komnqamlezo-umzekelo, ukuba inkukhu eluhlaza okanye iintsiba zidibana nemveliso ephekiweyo okanye izinto zokupakisha-ke iintsholongwane ze-zoonotic ezinje nge-salmonella kunye ne-campylobacter zinokuwela iintlobo isithintelo kunye nokugula kwabantu.

Uninzi lweziganeko ze salmonellosis kwaye inkampu kucingelwa ukuba zinxulunyaniswa nokutya inyama yenkukhu ekrwada okanye engaphekwanga, okanye ungcoliseko lokunye ukutya kokunye kwezi zinto. Akukho datha ifumanekayo esidlangalaleni kumaxabiso e-salmonellosis kunye ne-campylobacteriosis e-China. EUnited States, usulelo olusuka kwezi ntsholongwane zimbini bagula phantse abantu abangama-14,000 Ngo-2014. Kweli qela, abangama-3221 balaliswa esibhedlele kwaza kwasweleka abangama-41.

Inyama yenkukhu inakho nokuqulatha ukungcola, okunje ngesinyithi esinzima, kunye nentsalela yokubulala iintsholongwane ukuba iintaka zinyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngendlela engafanelekanga. Ngokukodwa, xa iinkukhu zeefama zisebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngokungafanelekanga (ubuninzi, uhlobo kunye nexesha), iintsalela zinokuqhubeka kwimisipha, kumalungu kunye namaqanda kwaye iintsalela eziyityhefu eziyingozi ziyanda kwiintaka . Obu bungozi mhlawumbi bukhulu ngakumbi kwiinkukhu eziphakanyisiweyo zaze zalungiswa eTshayina kuneenkukhu eziphakanyisiweyo zaze zalungiswa eUnited States.

Apha e-United States kukho imithetho engqongqo efuna ukuba abalimi bayeke ukunika iintaka amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kangangeentsuku okanye iiveki phambi kokuba zilungiswe, kwaye Inkqubo yokuHlala yeSizwe eyilelwe ukuvavanya ezi zinto zikumaqanda nakwinyama.

I-China inemithetho efanayo, kodwa azinyanzeliswa ngokuqinileyo , kwaye abalimi beenkukhu abaninzi abanalwazi malunga nabo. Kutshanje urhulumente wase-China ubhengeze icebo ukwandisa ukubekwa kweliso, ukongamela kunye nokubeka iliso yeenkukhu, imfuyo kunye neemveliso zasemanzini ukunciphisa ubukho bezintsalela zintsholongwane ngo-2020.

Isinyithi esinzima kwiimveliso zeenkukhu zaseTshayina inokuba ngumcimbi. Oku kuyinkxalabo yehlabathi, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu e-China kuba basekhona utshise amalahle amaninzi , ekhupha ilothe, imekyuri, icadmium kunye nearsenic. Amanqanaba aphezulu ekhokelo kunye necadmium axeliwe Iindawo zezolimo kufutshane nemigodi yamalahle yaseTshayina . Ezi ntsimbi zinzima ziwungcolisa umhlaba kwaye ziphelela ekutyeni kwezilwanyana kunye nakwinyama yezilwanyana kunye namaqanda.

Ngokwenene asiqondi ukuba zisasazeke kangakanani ezi ngxaki e-China kwaye urhulumente wase-China akabonakali ngokucacileyo kukhuseleko lokutya. Yiyo leyo ukuqala ukutshintsha , kodwa akukho nto injenge ifumaneka esidlangalaleni idatha esinayo eUnited States kwindawo yokulungisa kunye Inqanaba lokuthengisa .

Baza kwenza ntoni abahloli baseMelika ukumisela ukuba inkukhu yaseTshayina ikhuselekile?

Isebe lezoLimo laseMelika INkonzo yokuHlolwa koKhuseleko lokutya linoxanduva lokumisela ukuba amanye amazwe anezikhuselo zenyama neenkukhu ezilingana nezethu. Iifama zokwenza iinkukhu zaseTshayina azinakuthumela iinkukhu eziphekiweyo eMelika ngaphandle kokuba ziyahlangabezana nolo vavanyo.

Xa inkqubo yamanye amazwe ivunyiwe yi-USDA, iNkonzo yokuHlolwa koKhuseleko loKutya ixhomekeke kurhulumente welo lizwe ukuba aqinisekise ukuba izityalo zayo zifanelekile kwaye ziqhuba ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezityalo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. INkonzo yokuHlolwa koKhuseleko loKutya yenza uphicotho kwindawo kunye nezityalo ubuncinci minyaka le ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayayifezekisa imigangatho efunekayo. Kuya kuba mnandi ukubona ukuba ngaba iNkqubo yokuHlala yeSizwe yase-US iyabandakanyeka kolo hlolo.

Imfuno yenyama e-China iyenyuka kunye nemali engenayo. Abavelisi benkomo baseMelika banomdla wokuthumela e China.USDA

Iza kwenziwa phi inkukhu e-China kwiivenkile zase-US?

Lo ngumbuzo wesigidi seedola. Iinkukhu eziphekiweyo zithathwa njengezinto zokutya ezicutshungulwayo, ngenxa yoko ayifakwanga ilizwe lemvelaphi yokubhala iimfuno eya kusebenza kwinkukhu eluhlaza. Oku kuthetha ukuba abathengi base-US abazukuyazi ukuba batya inkukhu esele ikhulile kwaye yenziwe e-China. Iindawo zokutyela nazo azibandakanywanga kwilizwe lokuzalwa, ngoko ke iinkukhu eziphekiweyo zingathengiswa kwiindawo zokutyela ngaphandle kwabathengi bazi. Umthengisi wokuqala waseTshayina Khange lichaze igama lophawu ukuba inkukhu yayo ephekiweyo ithengiswa phantsi.

Umcimbi ophambili kukhuphiswano lweendleko. Ukuba i-China ingathengisa iinkukhu eziphekiweyo ngexabiso lokukhuphisana, kuyakubakho intengiso yase-US ngayo. Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, ishishini leenkukhu laseTshayina alidibaniswanga (oko kukuthi, licwangcisiwe ukuze inkampani enye ibe neentaka zokufuya, iihatcheries, iifama ezikhulayo kunye nokulungisa izityalo) okanye zihambele phambili kwezobuchwephesha njengeshishini leenkukhu laseMelika. Ngexesha elifutshane oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima e-China ukukhuphisana nomzi-mveliso weenkukhu wase-US nakweliphi na inqanaba elincomekayo, nangona iindleko zabasebenzi base China zisezantsi.

UMaurice Pitesky nguMfundisi kunye neNgcali yeNgcali kwiNkqubo yoLwandiso lweNtsebenziswano e IYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eDavis . Eli nqaku lapapashwa okokuqala ngo Incoko . Funda ifayile ye- Inqaku lokuqala .