I-supercar yokuqala ye-hydrogen-powered supercar, i-XP-1.IiHyperion Motors Kwihlabathi lezithuthi zombane ezi-buzzing, kukho indawo ekudala ikho kwaye mpikiswano engazinzanga ngaphezulu komthombo wamandla wokugqibela wokukhupha zero: ibhetri ye-lithium-ion okanye i-hydrogen? Isikolo sebhetri ukuza kuthi ga ngoku silawule imarike yezithuthi zombane, kunye neTesla ibanga ngaphezulu kweepesenti ze-80 zentengiso ye-EV e-US kunye nenani elikhulayo labenzi beemoto abaxhuma kwi-bandwagon yebhetri.
Kodwa abo bakholelwa kwi-hydrogen benze inkqubela phambili enkulu, nabo. I-Pheonix, e-Ariz.i-Nikola Motors esekwe esidlangalaleni ekuqaleni konyaka kwaye ilungiselela ukukhupha i-hydrogen fuel cell-motor semi-truck kunye ne-truck ngo-2021. Inqwelomoya yokuqala yabakhweli ye-hydrogen kutsha nje yaya esibhakabhakeni. Kwaye kwinyanga ephelileyo, ukuqalisa ukuhamba kwe-hydrogen, eCalifornia esekwe kwiHyperion Motors, kwaqala into enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-XR-1 eyabonisa izinto ezingakholelekiyo: inoluhlu lokuqhuba lweemayile ezili-1 000, inokuphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ibethe isantya ukuya kuthi ga Iikhilomitha ezingama-225 ngeyure.
Mnanstead of just 400-mile-range okanye into esondeleyo kwinto enokwenziwa yibhetri imoto yombane, masakhe imoto enoluhlu lwe-1000-yeemayile, kuba oko kunokwenzeka ngetekhnoloji esinayo, utshilo umququzeleli we-Hyperion kunye ne-CEOUAngelo Kafantaris.
Ukuseka inkampani kwiminyaka esithoba eyadlulayo kunye neqela lezazinzulu ze-aerospace kunye neenjineli, uKafantaris uchaza iHyperion njengenkampani yamandla. Ukuqala kunamacandelo amathathu: imoto, amandla kunye ne-aerospace.
Kudliwanondlebe lwakutsha nje noMqwalaseli, uKafantaris ungene nzulu malunga nokuba kutheni ekholelwa ukuba i-hydrogen ikamva lamandla ahlaziyekayo, eyenzelwe i-XP-1, neengcinga zakhe kwingxoxo-mpikiswano ye-hydrogen-battery.
IHyperion yasekwa ngo-2011. Nihlale njani kunye ne-cofounder yenu kwi-hydrogen?
Uninzi lwabantu kwiqela lethu lokuseka linemvelaphi kwi-aerospace, ke siyazi ukuba iiseli zepetroli ye-hydrogen likamva lamandla. Yiyo loo nto ukugxila kwethu kokuqala yayikukwakha izikhululo zokutshaja i-hydrogen.
Bonke abanye oomatshini bokwenza izinto bebesenza izinto ezingcono kuphela kunombane. Besisazi ukuba ukubalisa ibali lokuba ingakanani i-hydrogen enkulu, kufuneka siguquke kwaye sibengcono. Ke sithe,masakhe inqwelo mafutha yeseli ukuxelela ibali elipheleleyo le-hydrogen. Kwaye yile XP-1.
I-XP-1 supercar inomdla ngokwenene. Ungandixelela ngakumbi ngetekhnoloji engemva kokuphambana kwayo?
TIsithuthi sakhe sineziqwenga ezininzi zeteknoloji ye-hydrogen eqinisekisiweyo evela kwi-NASA, ezinye zenzelwe ubunzima bomzimba, ezinye zokwenza amandla oxinano kwaye uzigcina njani zebhayometri. Ngokusisiseko, into esiyenzayo kukuthatha obunye bobuchwephesha obutsha be-NASA obuye baqinisekiswa kwilebhu kwaye sizama ukubabonisa kwiimoto zethu.
I-XP-1 iza kuza kwiinguqulelo ezimbini. Kuya kubakho uhlobo lweemodeli ezisisiseko kunye nemodeli ethe kratya, ebandakanya ubuchwephesha beNASA esithethe ngayo.
Ngaba ziyathengiswa ezi moto? Ukuba kunjalo, ziya kubiza malini?
Ewe, ziya kuthengiswa. Asikaligqibi ixabiso okwangoku. Ewe, obu buchwephesha abubizi. Iya kuba yimoto enexabiso eliphezulu, kodwa ibonakalisa ngokwenene esinokukwenza sisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-hydrogen yamabanga akutshanje. Kwaye okubaluleke ngakumbi, yindlela itekhnoloji eya kuthi ingene ngayo kwizithuthi zethu ezizayo, eziza kuba sezantsi kwiindleko.
Bona kwakho: Ibaleka njani iFomula E yokuQhuba kuQoqosho lweZithuthi
Iindleko ecaleni, yintoni eyenza i-hydrogen ibe ngumthombo wamandla ongcono kuneebhetri?
Kukho izinto ezintandathu eziphambili malunga nehydrogen ezenza ukuba zibengcono kuneebhetri: uluhlu, ixesha le-refuel, ubomi obude, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona, unyamezelo, ukuxinana kwamandla.
Sakha imoto enamaxesha aphindwe kane kuluhlu lwemoto eqhelekileyo yombane kwaye sinokutshaja kwimizuzu emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu. Awungekhe wenze okufanayo ngezithuthi zebhetri. Ukuba utshaja ibhetri ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, uyayitshabalalisa ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu kunye nevolthi ephezulu.
Inye into abantu abaninzi abangayihoyiyo kukuhlala ixesha elide kweemoto. Izithuthi zethu zihlala phakathi kweminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Isithuthi sebhetri sine-500 ukuya kwi-800 yemijikelezo kwaye, kuxhomekeke kwindlela oqhuba ngayo, ihlala iminyaka esixhenxe ukuya kwelishumi.
Enye into unyamezelo. BIzithuthi zombane ze-attery ziqhuba kakuhle kwiCalifornia enelanga apho ikwi-degrees ezingama-72 unyaka wonke. Kodwa ndivela eMidwest, apho kubanda khona ingqele enkulu yonyaka. I-Hydrogen iyachuma kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu kwaye zibanda kakhulu, sesinye isizathu esisetyenziswayo kwisiphekepheke.
Okokugqibela, kwaye mhlawumbi ndiyithandayo, kukuxinana kwamandla. IHydrogen yeyona nto ilula kwindalo iphela. Tumnqwazi uthetha ukuba awuhlawuli isohlwayo sobunzima kwiibhetri ezininzi ezinkulu emotweni. Kwaye kuncinci into enesisindo, kuncipha amandla okuthatha ukuyihambisa. Isithuthi sethu sisebenza ngokukuko ngeepesenti ezili-156 ngaphezulu kwezona zihamba phambili kwibhetri.
Enye yezona zikhulu ukugxeka Iiseli zepetroli ye-hydrogen imalunga nokusebenza kwayo ngamandla, kuba kuthatha amandla amaninzi ukwahlula i-hydrogen emanzini ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise. Wenza ntoni ngalonto?
Zimbini iindlela zokufumana i-hydrogen. Eyokuqala yi-electrolysis, okanye ukwahlukana kwamanzi. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba le nkqubo iyinkcitho. Kodwa eneneni, xa udibanisa amandla enziweyo ngexesha le-electrolysis kunye netekhnoloji ye-turbine yelinye into, loo mandla phantse asimahla kuba awungekhe uyigcine nangayiphi na enye indlela.
Enye indlela yokufumana i-hydrogen kukwaphula igesi yendalo (CH4). Uyitshisa kwaye uqhekeze ikhabhoni kunye nehydrogen. Sifumene ukuba le nkqubo ine-90 yepesenti yokusebenza kwamandla, kuba unokuvelisa i-hydrogen ngobuninzi.
Yeyiphi imiba yeeseli ye-hydrogen yeeseli ocinga ukuba yeyona inqabileyo ekunxibelelaneni noluntu?
Ukuba abantu bebenokufunda ingxelo yencwadi yabantwana yezithuthi zombane, izithuthi zebhetri kulula ukuziqonda. Kodwa xa sele ufudukele kwincwadi yenqanaba lekholeji, uqala ukuqonda ukuba i-hydrogen, hayi iibhetri, sisisombululo. Kuyabiza ukugcina ubuninzi bamandla kwiibhetri, ngelixa i-hydrogen inokukwenza ngokulula oko.
Akukho nelithium eyaneleyo emhlabeni yokwenza ibhetri yesithuthi sombane wonke umntu. Ngaphezulu, i-lithium ayifumaneki kwiindawo ezimbalwa. Ke uyila ngokwenyani iphupha lobusuku elenzekayo kwimveliso yeoyile.Ndiyayithanda itekhnoloji yebhetri kuba yenze ukuba umzi mveliso weemoto uwele umqobo wokuqala wombane. Kodwa ekugqibeleni xa kuziwa ekudaleni imoto, i-hydrogen kuphela kwendlela yokuba amandla emandla e-gravimetric kunye nazo zonke izinto esithethe ngazo.
